Isolation of Salmonella spp. from Animal Feed

ABSTRACT A PCR procedure has been developed for routine analysis of viable Salmonella spp. in feed samples. The objective was to develop a simple PCR-compatible enrichment procedure to enable DNA amplification without any sample pretreatment such as DNA extraction or cell lysis. PCR inhibition by 14 different feed samples and natural background flora was circumvented by the use of the DNA polymerase Tth. This DNA polymerase was found to exhibit a high level of resistance to PCR inhibitors present in these feed samples compared to DyNAzyme II, FastStart Taq, Platinum Taq, Pwo, rTth, Taq, and Tfl. The specificity of the Tth assay was confirmed by testing 101 Salmonella and 43 non-Salmonella strains isolated from feed and food samples. A sample preparation method based on culture enrichment in buffered peptone water and DNA amplification with Tth DNA polymerase was developed. The probability of detecting small numbers of salmonellae in feed, in the presence of natural background flora, was accurately determined and found to follow a logistic regression model. From this model, the probability of detecting 1 CFU per 25 g of feed in artificially contaminated soy samples was calculated and found to be 0.81. The PCR protocol was evaluated on 155 naturally contaminated feed samples and compared to an established culture-based method, NMKL-71. Eight percent of the samples were positive by PCR, compared with 3% with the conventional method. The reasons for the differences in sensitivity are discussed. Use of this method in the routine analysis of animal feed samples would improve safety in the food chain.

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Microbiological Safety and Presence of Major Mycotoxins in Animal Feed for Laboratory Animals in a Developing Country: The Case of Costa Rica

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11082389 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2389

Author(s):

Fabio Granados-Chinchilla ◽

Carol Valenzuela-Martínez ◽

Berny García-Murillo ◽

David Aguilar-Madrigal ◽

Mauricio Redondo-Solano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Uv Light ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Indicator Microorganisms ◽

Laboratory Rodents ◽

D Values

Safety and quality of compound feed for experimental animals in Costa Rica is unknown. Some contaminants, such as Salmonella spp. and mycotoxins, could elicit confounding effects in laboratory animals used for biomedical research. In this study, different batches of extruded animal feed, intended for laboratory rodents in Costa Rica, were analyzed to determine mycotoxin and microbiological contamination (i.e., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, total coliform bacteria, and total yeast and molds enumeration). Two methods for Salmonella decontamination (UV light and thermal treatment) were assessed. Only n = 2 of the samples were negative (representing 12.50%) for the 26 mycotoxins tested. Enniatins and fumonisins were among the most frequent toxins found (with n = 4+ hits), but the level of contamination and the type of mycotoxins depended on the supplier. None of the indicator microorganisms, nor Salmonella, were found in any of the tested batches, and no mold contamination, nor Salmonella growth, occurs during storage (i.e., 2–6 months under laboratory conditions). However, mycotoxins, such as enniatins and fumonisins tend to decrease after the fourth month of storage, and Salmonella exhibited a lifespan of 64 days at 17 °C even in the presence of UV light. The D-values for Salmonella were between 65.58 ± 2.95 (65 °C) and 6.21 ± 0.11 (80 °C) min, and the thermal destruction time (z-value) was calculated at 15.62 °C. Results from this study suggest that laboratory rodents may be at risk of contamination from animal feed that could significantly affect the outcomes of biomedical experiments. Thus, improved quality controls and handling protocols for the product are suggested.

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Total Enterobacteriaceae counts as an indicator of animal feedingstuffs hygiene

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200004804 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 2001 ◽

pp. 98-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. D. Wood ◽

K. Howard ◽

A. L. Mills ◽

P. E. V. Williams

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Gut Microflora ◽

Degree Of Contamination ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

The Family ◽

Shigella Spp ◽

Contamination Levels ◽

Materials Used ◽

Harmful Effects

Bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae enter the animal feed chain as normal contaminants of raw materials used in the manufacture of animal feeds. The family Enterobacteriaceae encompasses 30 established genera, including Salmonella spp, Escherichia spp, Shigella spp and Yersinia spp. Many of the genera exhibit pathogenicity towards man, animals, insects and plants and many of the pathogenic forms produce toxins. A number of the genera in this family occur regularly in association with animals; they are found as indigenous members of the gut microflora where they may either produce no harmful effects, or are capable of causing disease in both endothermic and ectothermic animals. There is a recognised association between the risk of isolation of salmonella and degree of Enterobacteriaceae contamination (Veldman et al. 1995). This has led to the consideration of recording Enterobacteriaceae contamination levels in feed stuffs as an indicator of feed hygiene and potential limits to the degree of contamination being set by the major retailers. This paper sets out data gathered from the routine analysis of feed raw materials examined for Enterobacteriaceae contamination.

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Antimicrobial properties of tannin extracts as animal feed

10.1055/s-0039-3399960 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

S Štumpf ◽

G Hostnik ◽

M Leitgeb ◽

M Primožič ◽

U Bren

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Antimicrobial Properties

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Problems of ensuring metrological traceability of measurement results of indicators of quality for food products and food raw materials

Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika ◽

10.32446/0368-1025it.2020-3-64-70 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 64-70

Author(s):

Mariya Y. Medvedevskikh ◽

Anna S. Sergeeva

Keyword(s):

Reference Materials ◽

Mass Fraction ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Meat Products ◽

Metrological Traceability ◽

Food Products ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Measurement Results

The article raises the problem of ensuring metrological traceability of the measurement results of indicators of quality and nutritional value for food products and food raw materials: water (moisture), nitrogen (protein, crude protein), fat, ash and carbohydrates. The problem under consideration can be solved by applying reference materials of food composition, traceable to state primary measurement standards GET 173-2017 and GET 176-2019 and primary reference measurement procedures (PRMP), for attestation of measurement procedures and accuracy checking of measurement results. The article discusses the results of the PRMP development of mass fraction of fat, ash and carbohydrates in food products and food raw materials, as well as mass fraction of crude fat (oil content) in oil crops seeds and products based on them. The paper also presents metrological characteristics of reference materials of composition of dry dairy products, grain-milk dry porridges for nutrition of babies, grain dry porridges for nutrition of babies, egg powder, freeze-dried meat products, animal feed. The results of the work allow for building a chain of metrological traceability from GET 173-2017, GET 176-2019 and PRMP to routine measurement procedures, thereby ensuring the uniformity of measurements of nutritional value of food products.

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Markets for Purchased Farm Inputs

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2005-6-60-71 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 60-71

Author(s):

E. Serova ◽

O. Shick

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Policy ◽

Financial Constraints ◽

Information Sources ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Government Policies ◽

Market Institutions ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Government Organizations ◽

The Impact ◽

Farm Inputs

Russian policy makers argue that agriculture suffers from decapitalization due to financial constraints faced by producers. This view is the basis for the national agricultural policy, which emphasizes reimbursement of input costs and substitutes government and quasi-government organizations for missing market institutions. The article evaluates the availability of purchased farm inputs, the efficiency of their use, the main problems in the emergence of market institutions, and the impact of government policies. The analysis focuses on five groups of purchased inputs: farm machinery, fertilizers, fuel, seeds, and animal feed. The information sources include official statistics and data from two original surveys.

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Pengaruh Kecepatan Putar Terhadap Hasil Coran pada Metode Pengecoran Sentrifugal dalam Pembuatan Produk Pisau Pakan Ternak dengan Material Ni-Hard1

Manutech : Jurnal Teknologi Manufaktur ◽

10.33504/manutech.v11i01.92 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (01) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Roni Kusnowo ◽

Kus Hanaldi

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Centrifugal Casting ◽

Impact Resistance ◽

Literature Study ◽

Gravity Casting ◽

Friction Resistance ◽

Optimal Speed ◽

Mold Making

Animal feed knife is a tool that serves to cut and chop animal feed consisting of grass as the main ingredient with additives such as bran, herbs, centrate, cassava, tofu pulp and others. Therefore, as a cutting tool must have the properties of friction resistance, impact resistance, and have good sharpness, so that the material chosen is Ni-Hard 1. The use of centrifugal casting method was chosen because it has the advantage of being able to make castings with relatively thin thickness this is due to the influence of the centrifugal force on the distribution of metal liquids throughout the cavity in the mold. Case study in this study is the use of centrifugal casting methods as an alternative to gravity casting methods to overcome defects of misruns. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of speed on the formation of castings products. The method that was carried out began with a literature study on centrifugal casting, and continued by determining the material, the temperature of the cast is in the range 1250ºC - 1300ºC, and the type of mold. The next step is to do work drawings, pattern making, mold making, casting processes, fettling processes, and analysis. With variations in speed of 200 rpm, 300 rpm and 400 rpm, it can be seen the optimal speed for making this product. The results of this study obtained optimal speed at a speed of 300 rpm to make good quality of animal feed knife products.

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EVALUATION OF THE ISOLATION AND DETECTION METHODS FOR SALMONELLA SPP. FROM EGG SHELL CONTAMINATION USING MULTIPLEX PCR.

Basrah Journal of veterinary Research ◽

10.33762/bvetr.2015.102445 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 282-288

Author(s):

Israa Adnan Ibraheam Al-Baghdady ◽

Ashwak Bassim Jassim ◽

Zainab Khudher Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Multiplex Pcr ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Egg Shell

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