Arbuscular Mycorrhizae and Alleviation of Soil Stresses on Plant Growth

Author(s):  
Philippe Giasson ◽  
Antoine Karam ◽  
Alfred Jaouich
1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (20) ◽  
pp. 2200-2205 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Asimi ◽  
V. Gianinazzi-Pearson ◽  
S. Gianinazzi

Growth and yield increases, obtained in nodulated soybeans growing in unamended sterile soil by inoculation with the vesicular–arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae, were accompanied by improved P uptake, lower root to shoot ratios, better nodulation with higher nitrogenase activity, and modifications in the pattern of the latter during plant growth. Stimulation of nitrogenase activity occurred early in plant development and preceded plant growth responses by about 2 weeks. Phosphate fertilization increased yield, percent P but not percent N of both mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal soybeans, and also modified the pattern and amount of nitrogenase activity during plant growth. Additions of 0.25 g KH2PO4/kg to the soil eliminated the mycorrhizal effect on plant growth, but nodule formation and nitrogenase activity were still significantly stimulated by the mycorrhizal infection. Mycorrhizal effects on nodulation were eliminated with 0.5 g KH2PO4 and on nitrogenase activity with the addition of 1.0 g KH2PO4. These higher levels of phosphate fertilization considerably diminished infection and, in particular, fungal spread within the roots.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
BUDI HARTOYO ◽  
M. GHULAMAHDI ◽  
L.K. DARUSMAN ◽  
S.A. AZIZ ◽  
I. MANSUR

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Defisiensi hara fosfor (P) menjadi salah satu faktor pembatas dalamsistem produksi pertanian di Indonesia yang umumnya diusahakan padatanah-tanah masam. Pemanfaatan fungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA)merupakan salah satu alternatif dalam menanggulangi permasalahan padatanah masam, karena FMA dapat membantu tanaman menyerap unsur Pdan unsur hara lainnya dari dalam tanah. Untuk mempelajari potensi FMA,hal pertama yang harus diketahui adalah keanekaragaman dari organismetersebut. Dengan adanya data tentang keanekaragaman FMA, maka dapatdilakukan seleksi guna mendapatkan isolat FMA yang potensial danefektif dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanamanpegagan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasijenis-jenis FMA pada rizosfer tanaman pegagan. Penelitian dilaksanakanbulan Januari sampai Agustus 2008. Pengambilan contoh tanah dilakukanpada tiga lokasi pertanaman pegagan di Kebun Percobaan Gunung Putri,Sukamulya, dan Cicurug, sedangkan isolasi, identifikasi, dan pemerang-kapan spora dilakukan di Laboratorium Ekofisiologi dan rumah kaca BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik Bogor. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa sebelum pemerangkapan diperoleh 2 genus (Glomusdan Acaulospora) pada contoh tanah di KP Gunung Putri, 3 genus(Glomus, Acaulospora dan Scutellospora) di KP Sukamulya, dan 2 genus(Glomus dan Acaulospora) di KP Cicurug. Setelah dilakukan trappingjenis FMA, di KP Gunung Putri didapatkan 5 jenis FMA (4 tipe Glomusdan 1 tipe Acaulospora), di KP Sukamulya terdapat 5 jenis FMA (3 tipeGlomus, 1 tipe Acaulospora, dan 1 tipe Scutellospora), dan di KP Cicurugterdapat 4 jenis FMA (3 tipe Glomus dan 1 tipe Acaulospora).Keanekaragaman FMA pada rizosfer pertanaman pegagan cukup beragamdan berpotensi dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pemupukan,khususnya ketersediaan dan serapan hara P.</p><p>Kata kunci : Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, keanekaragaman, fungimikoriza arbuskula (FMA), pegagan</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF) diversity on asiaticpennywort Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) rhizosphere</p><p>Deficiency of phosphorus (P) is one of the limiting factors ofagricultural production system in Indonesia which is generally managed onacid soils. Utilizing arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) is one of thealternative solutions on acid soils problem, because of its ability to take upP and other nutrients from soils. The first concern which must be studied isdiversity of the organism. Data on AMF diversity obtained is useful toselect potential and effective AMF by increasing plant growth andproduction of asiatic pennywort. The aim of this research was to isolateand identify types of AMF in asiatic pennywort rhizosphere. The experi-ment was conducted from January until August 2008. Soil samples weretaken from three locations of asiatic pennywort plantations i.e. GunungPutri, Sukamulya, and Cicurug experimental stations. Isolation, identifi-cation, and trapping of spore were conducted at the Eco-physiology labo-ratory and glasshouse of Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic CropsResearch Institute (IMACRI), Bogor. The laboratory results of soil sam-ples before trapping showed that there were two genus of AMF spores(Glomus and Acaulospora) in the samples from Gunung Putri, three genus(Glomus, Acaulospora, and Scutellospora) from Sukamulya, and twogenus (Glomus and Acaulospora) from Cicurug. After trapping, it wasidentified that the soil samples from Gunung Putri, Sukamulya, andCicurug contained five AMF species (four types of Glomus and one typeof Acaulospora), five AMF species (three types of Glomus, one type ofAcaulospora and Scutellospora), and four AMF species (three types ofGlomus and one type of Acaulospora) from Cicurug. Diversity of AMFvariety can be utilized to get potential to increase the efficiency offertilizer, specifically availability and uptake of nutrient P.</p><p>Key words : Centella  asiatica  (L.)  Urban,  diversity,  ArbuscularMycorrhizae Fungi (AMF), asiatic pennywort</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Hanggari Sittadewi

Vesicular-arbuscular mychorrizae (MVA) is a key player in triggering vegetation development and soil reinforcement due to its potential to increase plant growth and soil aggregate stability. In terms of enhancing plant growth, the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae provides greater and more efficient access through the fungal hyphae for nutrient absorption and delivery to the plant. From the side of soil mechanical, the potential of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae is to increase the soil aggregate stability. These potentials, in their application can contribute to soil and slope stability. The characteristics and biological effects of vascular-arbuscular mycorrhizae to increase plant growth and soil aggregate stability in the correlation to slope stability will be discussed in this paper.  


2000 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. BAGAYOKO ◽  
E. GEORGE ◽  
V. RÖMHELD ◽  
A. BUERKERT

Despite numerous reports on the positive effects of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) on plant growth in temperate soils, surprisingly little data exist on the importance of VAM for crop growth on acid sandy soils of West Africa. A pot experiment conducted with local genotypes of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) with and without phosphorus (P) application in a sterilized sandy soil from a farmer's field in Niger showed large growth-enhancing effects of VAM. Phosphorus application led to 18- and 24-fold increases in pearl millet root and shoot dry matter independently of VAM, whereas the shoot and root dry matter of sorghum and cowpea depended largely on the interaction between P application and VAM. With P, VAM increased total uptake of P, K, Ca, Mg and Zn by 2·5- to 6-fold in sorghum and cowpea. On severely P deficient West African soils P application can lead to large increases in early root growth, a prerequisite for early mycorrhizal infection and a subsequent significant contribution of VAM to enhanced plant growth and nutrient uptake.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-347
Author(s):  
Yhudo Tomo ◽  
Budi Prasetya

The presence of mycorrhizae can reduce the level of poisoning caused by heavy metals in post-mining land and support plant growth. Post-mining land is generally only a few types of mycorrhizae that can adapt, especially post-mining land. This research was conducted to determine the presence, types and distribution of mycorrhizae as well as the relationship between soil depth and mycorrhizal distribution and soil chemical properties at various depths in the rhizosphere of bull grass as the dominant vegetation in post-coal mining land. The results showed that there were arbuscular mycorrhizae at each soil depth with different population density levels, namely 273 spores 100 g-1 soil at a depth of 0 - 10 cm (K10); 239 spores 100 g-1 soil at a depth of 10 – 20 cm (K20) and 155 spores 100 g-1 soil at a depth of 20 – 30 cm (K30). The arbuscular mycorrhizae found at all soil depths are of the same type, which is included in the genus Glomus. Soil depth with the number of arbuscular mycorrhizal distribution (r count -0.7754> r table -0.4973) has a very strong relationship and with soil pH (r count -0.6309> r table -0.4973) has a strong relationship. The number of distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizae with soil pH (r count 0.5943> r table 0.4973) has a strong relationship


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