scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA (FMA) PADA RIZOSFER TANAMAN PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
BUDI HARTOYO ◽  
M. GHULAMAHDI ◽  
L.K. DARUSMAN ◽  
S.A. AZIZ ◽  
I. MANSUR
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Production System ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Amf Diversity ◽  
Laboratory Results

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Defisiensi hara fosfor (P) menjadi salah satu faktor pembatas dalamsistem produksi pertanian di Indonesia yang umumnya diusahakan padatanah-tanah masam. Pemanfaatan fungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA)merupakan salah satu alternatif dalam menanggulangi permasalahan padatanah masam, karena FMA dapat membantu tanaman menyerap unsur Pdan unsur hara lainnya dari dalam tanah. Untuk mempelajari potensi FMA,hal pertama yang harus diketahui adalah keanekaragaman dari organismetersebut. Dengan adanya data tentang keanekaragaman FMA, maka dapatdilakukan seleksi guna mendapatkan isolat FMA yang potensial danefektif dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanamanpegagan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasijenis-jenis FMA pada rizosfer tanaman pegagan. Penelitian dilaksanakanbulan Januari sampai Agustus 2008. Pengambilan contoh tanah dilakukanpada tiga lokasi pertanaman pegagan di Kebun Percobaan Gunung Putri,Sukamulya, dan Cicurug, sedangkan isolasi, identifikasi, dan pemerang-kapan spora dilakukan di Laboratorium Ekofisiologi dan rumah kaca BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik Bogor. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa sebelum pemerangkapan diperoleh 2 genus (Glomusdan Acaulospora) pada contoh tanah di KP Gunung Putri, 3 genus(Glomus, Acaulospora dan Scutellospora) di KP Sukamulya, dan 2 genus(Glomus dan Acaulospora) di KP Cicurug. Setelah dilakukan trappingjenis FMA, di KP Gunung Putri didapatkan 5 jenis FMA (4 tipe Glomusdan 1 tipe Acaulospora), di KP Sukamulya terdapat 5 jenis FMA (3 tipeGlomus, 1 tipe Acaulospora, dan 1 tipe Scutellospora), dan di KP Cicurugterdapat 4 jenis FMA (3 tipe Glomus dan 1 tipe Acaulospora).Keanekaragaman FMA pada rizosfer pertanaman pegagan cukup beragamdan berpotensi dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pemupukan,khususnya ketersediaan dan serapan hara P.</p><p>Kata kunci : Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, keanekaragaman, fungimikoriza arbuskula (FMA), pegagan</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF) diversity on asiaticpennywort Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) rhizosphere</p><p>Deficiency of phosphorus (P) is one of the limiting factors ofagricultural production system in Indonesia which is generally managed onacid soils. Utilizing arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) is one of thealternative solutions on acid soils problem, because of its ability to take upP and other nutrients from soils. The first concern which must be studied isdiversity of the organism. Data on AMF diversity obtained is useful toselect potential and effective AMF by increasing plant growth andproduction of asiatic pennywort. The aim of this research was to isolateand identify types of AMF in asiatic pennywort rhizosphere. The experi-ment was conducted from January until August 2008. Soil samples weretaken from three locations of asiatic pennywort plantations i.e. GunungPutri, Sukamulya, and Cicurug experimental stations. Isolation, identifi-cation, and trapping of spore were conducted at the Eco-physiology labo-ratory and glasshouse of Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic CropsResearch Institute (IMACRI), Bogor. The laboratory results of soil sam-ples before trapping showed that there were two genus of AMF spores(Glomus and Acaulospora) in the samples from Gunung Putri, three genus(Glomus, Acaulospora, and Scutellospora) from Sukamulya, and twogenus (Glomus and Acaulospora) from Cicurug. After trapping, it wasidentified that the soil samples from Gunung Putri, Sukamulya, andCicurug contained five AMF species (four types of Glomus and one typeof Acaulospora), five AMF species (three types of Glomus, one type ofAcaulospora and Scutellospora), and four AMF species (three types ofGlomus and one type of Acaulospora) from Cicurug. Diversity of AMFvariety can be utilized to get potential to increase the efficiency offertilizer, specifically availability and uptake of nutrient P.</p><p>Key words : Centella  asiatica  (L.)  Urban,  diversity,  ArbuscularMycorrhizae Fungi (AMF), asiatic pennywort</p>

PENGEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI SELEKSI IN VITRO BERULANG (REPEAT CYCLING–IN VITRO SELECTION) TOLERAN STRES KEKERINGAN UNTUK PERBAIKAN MUTU GENETIK DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN KEDELAI BERMIKORIZA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Ahmad Riduan ◽  
Rainiyati Rainiyati ◽  
Yulia Alia
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Single Spore Culture ◽  
Spore Culture ◽  
Glomus Sp

Every plant rhizospheres in any ecosystem there are various living microorganisms including Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF).  An isolation and characterization is required to investigate the species or type of the AMF. This research was aimed at studying the isolation and characterization of AMF sporulation in soybean rhizospheres in Jambi Province. The results of evaluation on soil samples before trapping showed that there are spores from three genus of AMF twelve types Glomus , two types Acaulospora and one type of Enthrophospora.  Following single spore culture in soybean rhizosphere, 5 spore types were obtained:  Glomus sp-1, Glomus sp-4, Glomus sp-7, Glomus sp-8 Glomus sp-10.

EXTRACTION OF BORON FROM CSSC REFERENCE SOILS BY HOT WATER, DILUTE CaCl2 AND MANNITOL-CaCl2 SOLUTIONS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. SCHUPPLI
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Reference Soil ◽  
Highly Correlated

Soils were extracted by hot water, dilute CaCl2, and by mannitol-CaCl2 solutions and boron was determined by either azomethine-H or the curcumin method. Results were strongly method dependent; in particular results by the simplest method, mannitol-CaCl2, were generally lower and not highly correlated (r = 0.64) with those by the recommended procedure. This procedure involves extraction with hot distilled H2O (2:1 solution:soil), centrifugation, filtration, color development with azomethine-H and correction for background color. Extractable boron values by this procedure ranged from 0.1 to 1.4 mg kg−1. Background color can be further reduced by the substitution of 0.02 M CaCl2 for distilled water. Key words: CSSC reference soil samples, hot-water-soluble boron

EFFECTS OF LIME ON EXTRACTABLE ALUMINUM AND OTHER SOIL PROPERTIES AND ON BARLEY AND ALFALFA GROWN IN POT TESTS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. MacLEAN ◽  
R. L. HALSTEAD ◽  
B. J. FINN
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Neutral Salt ◽  
Incubation Experiment ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
P Content ◽  
Mn Content

Liming of six acid soil samples in an incubation experiment with rates to raise the soil pH to 6.0 or above eliminated Al soluble in 0.01 M CaCl2, reduced soluble Mn and Zn, increased NO3-N markedly, and at the highest pH increased the amounts of NaHCO3-soluble P in some of the soils. In corresponding pot experiments, liming increased the yield of alfalfa and in three of the soils the yield of barley also. Liming reduced the concentrations of the metals in the plants and at the highest pH tended to increase the P content of the plants. Liming to a pH of about 5.3 eliminated or greatly reduced soluble Al and the soils were base saturated as measured by the replacement of Al, Ca, and Mg by a neutral salt. There was some evidence that liming to reduce soluble Al and possibly Mn was beneficial for plant growth. Gypsum increased the concentrations of Al, Mn, and Zn in 0.01 M CaCl2 extracts of the soils whereas phosphate reduced them. The changes in the Mn content of the plants following these treatments were in agreement with the amounts of Mn in the CaCl2 extracts.

Magnetic susceptibility of Gleysolic and Chernozemic soils in Saskatchewan

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
Poorly Drained Soils ◽  
Extractable Iron

In Saskatchewan, Gleysolic and Chernozemic soils often are found close to each other in hummocky terrain. Magnetic susceptibility (χ) is known to be reduced in poorly drained soils compared to well-drained soils, and this study investigated the use of χ as an accessory criterion for identifying Gleysols. Archived soil samples from an area near Saskatoon were analyzed for χ and sand content, and where necessary for organic and inorganic C and oxalate (Feo) and dithionite (Fed) extractable iron. The lowest χ values were found in Humic Luvic Gleysols and the highest in Dark Brown Chernozems; Rego and Orthic Gleysols and Rego Humic Gleysols had χ values that overlapped those of the Dark Brown Chernozems. Within the upper 50 cm of the profile, all Gleysols except the Rego Humic Gleysol had at least one horizon with %chi; less than 150 × 10-9m3kg-1. The χ of the A and B horizons was negatively correlated to their Feo/Fed ratios, and not correlated to their sand content. The χ of the deep tills was positively correlated to sand content, and not correlated to Feo/Fed ratio. It appears that χ may be as useful as the Feo/Fed ratio for assisting in classifying Gleysols. Key words: Magnetic susceptibility, Gleysols, Chernozems, Feo, Fed, CaCo3

scholarly journals Improvement Salt Tolerance of Safflower Plants by Endophytic Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 38-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khulod A. Hemida ◽  
Amany M.M. Reyad
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Salt Tolerance

Salinity is one of the most dangerous environmental limiting factors of the plant productivity. A wide range of adaptation strategies is required to overcome salinity stress. However, such strategies seem to be long drawn and cost-intensive. It has been confirmed in recent years that plant growth promoting endophytes (PGPEs) that have the ability to further build a symbiotic association with their host to improve host plant salt tolerance. In our investigation try to improve plant salt tolerance using different species of endophytic bacteria. From the total eight endophytic bacterial species were isolated from root, stem, and leaf of Carthamustinctorius (safflower) plant, two isolates were capable of using 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) as a sole nitrogen source, and they are of positive results for (ACC) deaminase activity and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. The bacterial isolates were identified using 16S ribosomal DNA technique as Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aerius and had accession numbers MG708176 and MG711593 respectively, by submitting their sequences in GenBank database. This study showed that the bacterial strains B. cereus and B. aerius are valuable biological plant growth promoters that could enhance salt tolerance in Safflower plants under 100, 200, and 300mMNaCl levels resulting in an increase in plant growth and ascorbate-glutathione redox cycle, in comparison with the non-inoculated controls. Our findings reported that the co-inoculation of the two selected endophytic bacteria strains were successfully isolated from Safflower seedlings significantly alleviated the harmful effects of salt stress, promoted plant growth and biomass yield.

scholarly journals PENGARUH JARAK TANAM DAN DOSIS PUPUK TERHADAP PRODUKSI DAN VIABILITAS BENIH SETEK NILAM (Pogostemon cablin Benth)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
SUKARMAN SUKARMAN
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin ◽  
C Value ◽  
Plot Design

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Sampai saat ini informasi pengaruh jarak tanam dan dosis pupuk<br />terhadap produktivitas, dan viabilitas benih nilam (Pogostemon cablin<br />Benth) masih terbatas. Untuk itu penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan<br />mendapatkan jarak tanam dan dosis pupuk yang optimum untuk produksi<br />benih/setek nilam. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan (KP)<br />Sukamulya, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Industri Lain (Balittri),<br />Pakuwon, Parungkuda, Sukabumi, dari Januari sampai November 2010.<br />Percobaan faktorial, dengan tiga faktor dan tiga ulangan, disusun dalam<br />rancangan petak terbagi dua kali (RPPT). Petak utama adalah dua varietas<br />nilam yaitu Sidikalang dan Lhokseumawe. Anak petak adalah tiga jarak<br />tanam yaitu (1) 1 x 0,5 m; (2) 1 x 0,7 m; dan (3) 1 x 1 m. Anak-anak petak<br />adalah dua dosis pemupukan yaitu : 1) 30 ton pupuk kandang, 300 kg urea,<br />150 kg SP-36, dan 300 kg KCl/th, dan 2) 45 ton pupuk kandang, 450 kg<br />urea, 225 kg SP-36, dan 450 kg KCl/th. Ukuran plot 8,4 x 5 m. Parameter<br />yang diamati adalah pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman, jumlah<br />cabang primer, sekunder, dan tersier), produksi benih pertanaman,<br />diameter bagian pangkal, tengah, dan pucuk dari cabang primer dan<br />sekunder, kadar karbohidrat dan serat, dan viabilitas benih setek.<br />Pengamatan dilakukan pada umur enam bulan setelah tanam (6 BST).<br />Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (1) varietas Sidikalang dengan<br />dosis pemupukan 45 ton pupuk kandang, 450 kg urea, 225 kg SP-36, dan<br />450 kg KCl/th, menghasilkan jumlah cabang primer paling tinggi yaitu<br />14,29; (2) jarak tanam 1 x 0,5 m menghasilkan benih setek tertinggi<br />(73.555 stek/1.000 m 2 ). Rata-rata diameter benih berasal dari pangkal ≥ 5<br />mm, sedangkan rata-rata diameter benih berasal dari pucuk ≥ 4 mm; (3)<br />Viabilitas benih pada 0 dan 4 hari setelah penyimpanan ≥ 80%. Jarak<br />tanam 1 x 0,5 m dengan dosis pupuk kandang sebanyak 30 ton, 300 kg<br />urea, 150 kg SP-36, dan 300 kg KCl pertahun merupakan dosis yang<br />optimal untuk produksi benih/setek nilam. Kombinasi perlakuan<br />pemupukan 30 ton pupuk kandang, 300 kg urea, 150 kg SP-36, 300 kg<br />KCl/th dengan jarak tanam 1 x 0,5 m menghasilkan keuntungan tertinggi<br />yaitu: Rp 6.668.500 dengan nilai B/C 2,05.<br />Kata kunci : Pogostemon cablin Benth, jarak tanam, pemupukan,<br />produksi, kualitas benih/setek</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Effect of Spacing and Fertilizer Dosages on Production<br />and Viability of Patchouli Cutting Seeds<br />Information on the effect of plant density and fertilizer dosage on<br />the production and viability of patchouli seeds is still limited. This<br />experiment was aimed at finding out optimum plant spacing and fertilizer<br />dosage for improving production and quality of patchouli cutting seeds.<br />The experiment was conducted at Sukamulya experimental station of<br />Indonesian Spice and Industrial Crops Research Institute (ISICRI),<br />Pakuwon, Sukabumi from January through November 2010. This<br />experiment was consisted of three factors and three replicates and was<br />arranged in a split-split-plot design. The main plots were two varieties of<br />patchouli, i.e. V1 = Sidikalang and V2 = Lhokseumawe. The sub plots<br />were three plant spacing dimentions, i.e. S1 (1 x 0.5 m), S2 (1 x 0.7 m),<br />and S3 (1 x 1 m). The sub-sub plots were two levels of fertilizer dosage,<br />i.e. F1 (manure; urea, SP-36, and KCl of 30 t; 450, 225, and 450 kg/ha,<br />respectively) and F2 (manure; urea, SP-36, and KCl of 45 t; 300, 150, and<br />450 kg/year, respectively). Variables observed were plant growth (plant<br />height; number of primary, secondary, and tertiary branches), seed<br />productivity and viability, diameter of bottom, medium, and upper of<br />cutting seeds. The results of experiment indicated that Sidikalang variety,<br />treated with 45 tons of manure, 450 kg urea, 225 kg SP-36, and 450 kg<br />KCl per hectare produced the highest number of primary branches<br />compared to other treatments. Plant spacing of 1 x 0.5 m produced the<br />highest number of cutting seeds (73,555 stumps/1,000m 2 ). The averaged<br />diameters of cutting seeds from basal were ≥ 5 mm while those from top<br />were ≥ 4 mm. Viability of the cutting seeds at 0 and 4 days after storage<br />was ≥ 80%. Plant spacing 1 x 0.5 m with dosage of fertilizer 30 ton dung<br />manure, 300 kg urea, 150 kg SP-36, and 300 kg KCl per year is the dosage<br />optimum for producing seed/cutting of patchouli. Combination of fertilizer<br />dosages of 30 tons manure, 300 kg urea, 150 kg SP-36, and 300 kg KCl<br />per year and plant spacing of 1 x 0.5 m produced the highest profit as<br />much as Rp 6,668,500 with B/C value of 2.05.<br />Key words: Pogostemon cablin Benth, plant spacing, fertilizer,<br />production, cutting seed quality</p>

scholarly journals Plant-Microbe Interactions in Alleviating Abiotic Stress—A Mini Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Prabhu Inbaraj
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
The Impact

Crop plants are continuously exposed to various abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, ultraviolet radiation, low and high temperatures, flooding, metal toxicities, nutrient deficiencies which act as limiting factors that hampers plant growth and low agricultural productivity. Climate change and intensive agricultural practices has further aggravated the impact of abiotic stresses leading to a substantial crop loss worldwide. Crop plants have to get acclimatized to various environmental abiotic stress factors. Though genetic engineering is applied to improve plants tolerance to abiotic stresses, these are long-term strategies, and many countries have not accepted them worldwide. Therefore, use of microbes can be an economical and ecofriendly tool to avoid the shortcomings of other strategies. The microbial community in close proximity to the plant roots is so diverse in nature and can play an important role in mitigating the abiotic stresses. Plant-associated microorganisms, such as endophytes, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), are well-documented for their role in promoting crop productivity and providing stress tolerance. This mini review highlights and discusses the current knowledge on the role of various microbes and it's tolerance mechanisms which helps the crop plants to mitigate and tolerate varied abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals Effect of Soil Nutrient Management on P transformation under Protected Cultivation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Hussain ◽  
Muniza Sarfraz
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Available P ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
North East ◽  
Factor Effect ◽  
Protected Cultivation

Background: Phosphorus, an essential element, plays a central role in cell metabolism and reproduction. It is a structural component of energy transferring molecules (ATP, ADP and AMP), nucleic acids, coenzymes, phosphor-proteins, phospholipids and sugar phosphates. In soils, the P does not occur abundantly as nitrogen or potassium. Despite its importance, only a proportion (~ 0.1-1.0 %) of it is available for use by plants and microorganisms because phosphorous has poor solubility and gets fixed in soil. Many studies had been done regarding nutrient management of soil in various parts of the world, but limited study was done in India and in North-East India, it is relatively unexplored. Thus, the main aim of this experiment was to find out how nutrient management influencing P fractions under protected cultivation. Methods: The investigation area from which soil samples were collected i.e., Horticultural Farm, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13, Assam. The study was carried out under protected poly house condition in the year 2017-18. The test crop was Capsicum (Capsicum annum var. Swarna). The design of the experiment was Split-Split plot technique. Random soil samples were collected from different treatments under protected cultivation at a depth of 0-15 cm. The soil samples were collected at two different stages of the crop viz., flowering and fruiting stages at 45 and 115 days after planting respectively. Result: The present study revealed that single factor effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) had a significant effect on different forms of P The readily available P forms tend to increase in the fruiting stage while the iron bound phosphates registered a decrease. This implies that iron bound phosphate form predominantly controlled available P in acid soils under protected cultivation. The study indicates that iron bound P may be considered as slowly available labile P for fertilizer scheduling under protected cultivation. The present study also revealed that single factor effect of nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) had a significant effect on yield of capsicum. Among the various P fractions, Pi-water and Pi-Fe contribute more towards yield of capsicum.

scholarly journals Landrace Maize Varieties Used as Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil with 2,4-D + Picloram

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Adriano Maltezo da Rocha ◽  
Oscar Mitsuo Yamashita ◽  
Paulo Cesar Laurindo Silva ◽  
Marco Antonio Camillo de Carvalho ◽  
Aureane Cristina Teixeira Ferreira Cândido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Production System ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Evaluation Period ◽  
Maize Cultivar ◽  
Herbicide Residue ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Hybrid Maize

The use of herbicides such as 2,4-D + picloram in livestock areas can contaminate and hinder the use of the production system for subsequent crops of other crops. The objective of the research was to evaluate the ability of landrace maize varieties to reduce contamination of soil treated with 2,4-D + picloram, simulating existing conditions in the Amazon Biome. The experiment consisted of 6 phytoremediation treatments (4 landrace maize varieties, 1 hybrid maize cultivar and 1 control without cultivation), 2 herbicide conditions (with and without) and 3 evaluation periods (28, 56 and 84 days). The soil was contaminated and the maize was subsequently cultivated under the herbicide conditions mentioned above. After each evaluation period, soil samples were collected, which were used to mount bioassays by growing cucumber (plants sensitive to the herbicide). Emergence, aerial dry mass and root dry mass were evaluated. All variables were affected by the herbicide residue. However, the reduction in herbicide persistence in each evaluation period was notable, resulting in the normal reestablishment of bioindicator seedlings, especially in the last evaluation at 84 days. The samples obtained in the soil cultivated with the varieties CR purple and CR white showed the best conditions for the development of cucumber, demonstrating the potential to be studied in phytoremediation programs.

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