Natural Polyphenols as Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Angiogenic Agents in the Metabolic Syndrome

2009 ◽  
pp. 147-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Negrão ◽  
Ana Faria
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Natural Polyphenols ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Galantamine alleviates oxidative stress alongside anti-inflammatory and cardio-metabolic effects in subjects with the metabolic syndrome in a randomized trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine Teles Sangaleti ◽  
Keyla Yukari Katayama ◽  
Kátia De Angelis ◽  
Tércio Lemos de Moraes ◽  
Amanda Aparecida Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractBackgroundThe metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an obesity-driven disorder with pandemic proportions and limited treatment options. Oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation and altered autonomic regulation, are important components of MetS pathophysiology. We recently reported that galantamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and an FDA-approved drug (for Alzheimer’s disease) alleviates the inflammatory state in MetS subjects. Here we examined the effects of galantamine on oxidative stress in parallel with inflammatory and cardio-metabolic parameters in subjects with MetS.MethodsThe effects of galantamine treatment, 8 mg daily for 4 weeks, followed by 16 mg daily for 8 weeks or placebo were studied in randomly assigned subjects with MetS (n=22 per group) of both genders. Oxidative stress, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase activities, lipid and protein peroxidation, and nitrite levels were analyzed before and at the end of the treatment. In addition, plasma cytokine and adipokine levels, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and other relevant cardio-metabolic indices were analyzed. Autonomic regulation was also examined by heart rate variability (HRV) before treatment, and at every 4 weeks of treatment.ResultsGalantamine treatment significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities, including SOD (+1.65 USOD/mg protein, [95% CI 0.39 to 2.92], P=0.004) and CAT (+0.93 nmol/mg, [95% CI 0.34 to 1.51], P=0.011), decreased lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, -5.45 pmol/mg, [95% CI -10.97 to 0.067], P=0.053) and systemic nitrite levels (-0.05 nit/mg protein, [95% CI -0.21 to 0.10], P=0.038) compared with placebo. In addition, galantamine significantly alleviated the inflammatory state and insulin resistance, and decreased the low frequency/high frequency ratio of HRV, following 8 and 12 weeks of drug treatment.ConclusionLow-dose galantamine alleviates oxidative stress, alongside beneficial anti-inflammatory, and metabolic effects, and modulates autonomic regulation in subjects with MetS. These findings are of considerable interest for further studies with galantamine to ameliorate MetS pathophysiology.

scholarly journals Visfatin and Adiponectin Have an Opposite Correlation with Inflammation and Metabolic Syndrome in Non-Diabetic Obese Indonesian Men

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Anna Meiliana ◽  
Gatot Susilo Lawrence ◽  
Ilhamjaya Patellongi ◽  
Andi Wijaya ◽  
Suryani As'ad
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Parallel Increase ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

BACKGROUND: Along with the increase in obesity is a parallel increase in the prevalence of metabolic complications of obesity, often referred to as the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The role of adipose tissue in MetS has continued to evolve with the description of numerous secretory peptides from adipocytes named adipocytokines or adipokines. Recent studies have found visfatin as the regulation of inflammatory and immunomodulating prosesses, meanwhile adiponectin was known to have a potent anti-inflammatory properties. Here we try to assess the correlation between those two adipokines to MetS, via an inflammatory pathway.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study on 128 non diabetic obese male subject (waist circumferences ≥90 cm). Visfatin and adiponectin were assessed by ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows v.16.00 with signifcantly p<0.05. The correlations among biomarkers were assessed using Spearman's Rho test.RESULTS: This study showed a significant positive correlation between levels of visfatin and inflammatory markers TNF-α (r=0.22, p<0.005), and hsCRP (r=0.12, p=0.19), significant negative correlation between levels of adiponectin and TNF-α (r=-0.22-8, p<0.005-1), adiponectin and hsCRP (r=-0.14, p=0.11) and visfatin (r=-0.029, p<0.01). Plasma visfatin levels were increased along with the number MetS components, white plasma adiponectin showed inversely relation.CONCLUSION: Our present study has shown that visfatin has a proinflammatory properties and adiponectin has an anti-inflammatory properties, and how they have an opposite effects on MetS. Visfatin was found to have a positive correlaton while adiponectin was found to have a negative correlation with the number of MetS components.KEYWORDS: Obesity, Inflammation, Metabolic Syndrome, Adipocytokines, Visfatin, Adiponectin, TNF-α, hsCRP

scholarly journals Diet Content of Non-Saturated Fatty Acids is Related to Lower Plasma Adiponectin in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Suárez-Cuenca ◽  
Diana Elisa Díaz-Jiménez ◽  
Juan Antonio Pineda-Juárez ◽  
Alondra Gissel Mendoza-Mota ◽  
Ofelia Dinora Valencia-Aldana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plasma Adiponectin ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Role ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Introduction. The metabolic syndrome (MS) has been related to the unbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines; where adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory adipokine, is considered to play a key metabolic role. The consumption of certain micronutrients has been claimed to modify pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Aim. To explore whether dietary micronutrients are related with plasma adiponectin in patients with MS. Methods. Cross-sectional analysis. Quartiles of dietary bioactive compounds were compared according to values of plasma adiponectin. Interquartile variation (IQV) and correlation analyses were performed. Results. There was a significant IQV of dietary unsaturated fatty acids (between -50% to -66% of change, p25 vs p75, p<0.05), particularly for trans-fatty acids, poly-unsaturated fatty acids, mono-unsaturated fatty acids and w-6 fatty acids, in relation to plasma adiponectin; as well as a negative correlation (rho= -0.53, -0.37, -0.29 and -0.34, respectively; p<0.05). Conclusion. Dietary amounts of unsaturated fatty acids inversely related to plasma adiponectin in patients with MS.

scholarly journals Impaired alternative macrophage differentiation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from obese subjects

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gael Bories ◽  
Robert Caiazzo ◽  
Bruno Derudas ◽  
Corinne Copin ◽  
Violeta Raverdy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Visceral obesity is a chronic, low-grade inflammatory disease that predisposes people to the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. Adipose tissue is not a passive storehouse for fat, but an endocrine organ synthesizing and releasing a variety of bioactive molecules, some of which are produced by infiltrated immune-inflammatory cells including macrophages. Two different subpopulations of macrophages have been identified in adipose tissue: pro-inflammatory ‘classical’ M1 and anti-inflammatory ‘alternative’ M2 macrophages, and their ratio is suggested to influence the metabolic complications of obesity. These macrophages derive primarily from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We hypothesised that obesity and the metabolic syndrome modulate PBMC functions. Therefore, alteration of the monocyte response, and more specifically their ability to differentiate toward alternative anti-inflammatory macrophages, was assessed in PBMCs isolated from lean and obese subjects with or without alterations in glucose homeostasis. Our results indicate that PBMCs from obese subjects have an altered expression of M2 markers and that their monocytes are less susceptible to differentiate toward an alternative phenotype. Thus PBMCs in obesity are programmed, which may contribute to the inflammatory dysregulation and increased susceptibility to inflammatory diseases in these patients.

scholarly journals Natural Polyphenols in Metabolic Syndrome: Protective Mechanisms and Clinical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6110
Author(s):  
Shiyao Zhang ◽  
Mengyi Xu ◽  
Wenxiang Zhang ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Siyu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Natural Polyphenols ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Polyphenol Intake

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a chronic disease, including abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. It should be noted that the occurrence of MetS is closely related to oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, ectopic fat accumulation, and the impairment of the antioxidant system, which in turn further aggravates the intracellular oxidative imbalance and inflammatory response. As enriched anti-inflammatory and antioxidant components in plants, natural polyphenols exhibit beneficial effects, including improving liver fat accumulation and dyslipidemia, reducing blood pressure. Hence, they are expected to be useful in the prevention and management of MetS. At present, epidemiological studies indicate a negative correlation between polyphenol intake and MetS incidence. In this review, we summarized and discussed the most promising natural polyphenols (including flavonoid and non-flavonoid drugs) in the precaution and treatment of MetS, including their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, as well as their regulatory functions involved in glycolipid homeostasis.

scholarly journals Androgen modulation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines during preadipocyte differentiation

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Pierotti ◽  
Francesca Lolli ◽  
Rosa Lauretta ◽  
Chiara Graziadio ◽  
Carla Di Dato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Preadipocyte Differentiation ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mediators Of Inflammation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Profile ◽  
Whole Body Metabolism

AbstractMacrophages and adipocytes contribute to release of cytokines resulting in the chronic inflammatory profile of the metabolic syndrome. The local increase of proinflammatory cytokines impairs adipogenesis, resulting in formation of dysfunctional adipocytes that are unable to store and handle lipids. The altered lipid fluxes in/from adipocytes affect whole-body metabolism. We investigated the role of androgens on adipocyte-derived proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines during preadipocyte differentiation.Various differentiation methods were used to obtain full conversion of 3T3-L1 into mature adipocytes. The degree of adipocyte conversion in the presence/absence of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was analyzed by measuring intracellular triglycerides (Oil Red O staining). The effects of DHT administration on interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, interferon γ (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) secretion was measured at days 0, 4, 6 and 8 of differentiation using the SearchLight multiplex protein array.DHT regulates a number of cytokines in committed and mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. IL-1β and TNFα were readily suppressed at the very early stages of differentiation. IFNγ release was inhibited at day 4, but the effect was no longer detectable on day 8. IL-6 and IL-12 were significantly reduced at day 8 of differentiation. Conversely, the differentiation-dependent increase of IL-2 and IL-10 was further stimulated by DHT since day 0.We provide evidence that androgens promote an anti-inflammatory profile that parallels the acquisition of a functional adipocyte phenotype. The crosstalk between androgens, adipocyte-derived mediators of inflammation and intracellular lipid fluxes could have profound implications on metabolism of men with obesity and metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Proinflammatory and Antiinflammatory Adipokines in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome in Centrally Obese Men

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Meiliana ◽  
Andi Wijaya ◽  
Suryani As'ad
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Metabolic Abnormality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Relationship Of

BACKGROUND: The increased prevalence of obesity worldwide is correlated with increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Studies of adipose tissue have been improved from an inert energy storage to a metabolic active endocrine organ. Adipokines secreted by this tissue play a role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. The large mass of visceral fat tissue causing the imbalance of these adipokines leading to metabolic abnormality known as the metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study was performed to understand relationship of proinflammatory adipokines (resistin, TNF-α, RBP4 and visfatin) and anti-inflammatory adipokines (adiponectin and vaspin) in the development of MetS.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study using 122 central obesity men with waist circumference >90 cm, age from 30–60 years old. Proinflammatory adipokines (resistin, TNF-α, RBP4 and visfatin) and anti-inflammatory adipokines (adiponectin and vaspin) was measured by ELISA method.RESULTS: The crosstab study showed that subjects who have >2 high proinflammatory adipokines (17.3%) has higher MetS prevalence (OR = 1.16; p = 0.72) compare to subjects with <2 high proinflammatory adipokines (14.8%), subjects with low anti-inflammatory adipokines profile (18.9%) has higher prevalence of MetS (OR=1.38; p=0.22) compare to subjects with high anti-inflammatory adipokines (13.7%) and the prevalence of MetS became 1.49 times higher (p=0.24) when we combine the high RBP4 and low adiponectin profile (21.1%) compare to subjects with low RBP4 and high adiponectin (14%).CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that each adipokine was not strong enough to induce MetS, so the interaction between proinflammatory and antiinflammatory adipokines were needed to induce a systemic metabolic abnormality. Thus, the adipokines equilibrium was important to prevent MetS especially in centrally obese subjects.KEYWORDS: obesity, metabolic syndrome, adipokines, resistin, TNF-α, RBP4, visfatin, adiponectin, vaspin

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