Endogenous Antioxidants and Radical Scavengers

Pregnancy is a physiological state accompanied by a high energy demand of many bodily functions and an increased oxygen requirement. Because of the increased intake and utilization of oxygen, increased levels of oxidative stress would be expected. In the present study, the degree of lipid peroxidation was examined in different tissues from non-pregnant and pregnant rats after the delivery of their young. Melatonin and other indole metabolites are known to be direct free radical scavengers and indirect antioxidants. Thus the effect of pinealectomy at 1 month before pregnancy on the accumulation of lipid damage was investigated in non-pregnant and pregnant rats after the delivery of their young. Malonaldehyde and 4-hydroxyalkenal concentrations were measured in the lung, uterus, liver, brain, kidney, thymus and spleen from intact and pinealectomized pregnant rats soon after birth of their young and at 14 and 21 days after delivery. The same parameters were also evaluated in intact and pinealectomized non-pregnant rats. Shortly after delivery, lipid oxidative damage was increased in lung, uterus, brain, kidney and thymus of the mothers. No differences were detected in liver and spleen. Pinealectomy enhanced this effect in the uterus and lung. It is concluded that during pregnancy high levels of oxidative stress induce an increase in oxidative damage to lipids, which in some cases is inhibited by the antioxidative actions of pineal indoles.

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Nutritional aspects and their influences on the pathophysiology of

Revista de Ciências Médicas ◽

10.24220/2318-0897v23n1a2413 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Nathalia Liberato Nascimento ◽

Iwyson Henrique Fernandes da Costa ◽

Rivelilson Mendes de Freitas

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Folic Acid ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Free Radical Scavengers ◽

Radical Scavengers ◽

High Intake ◽

Neuroprotective Effects ◽

Nutritional Factors

The objective of this study was to conduct a review about the nutritional aspects and their influences on the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease. The review describes the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease, the generally indicated diets, and the nutritional factors that may aggravate the disease based on a literature review using the following keywords in English and Portuguese: “Alzheimer’s disease”, “physiopathology”, “nutritional aspects”, and “antioxidants”. A total of 100 articles were found, 48 in Lilacs and 52 in MedLine, but only 54 articles were selected for the review. The use of antioxidants as free radical scavengers is generally indicated in diets for Alzheimer’s patients. Studies also suggest that caffeine, vitamin B12, and folic acid have neuroprotective effects. Cohort studies found that a high intake of saturated fatty acids and obesity increase the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. People with Alzheimer’s disease should avoid diets high in carbohydrates and saturated fats, and prefer foods high in antioxidants.Keywords: Alzheimer disease; Antioxidants; Neurophysiology; Review literture as topic.

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Oxidative hemolysis of erythrocytes and its inhibition by free radical scavengers.

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(19)77707-2 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 263 (36) ◽

pp. 19809-19814

Author(s):

E Niki ◽

E Komuro ◽

M Takahashi ◽

S Urano ◽

E Ito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Free Radical ◽

Free Radical Scavengers ◽

Radical Scavengers ◽

Oxidative Hemolysis

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Nociceptin Increases Antioxidant Expression in the Kidney, Liver and Brain of Diabetic Rats

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10070621 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 621

Author(s):

Ernest Adeghate ◽

Crystal M. D’Souza ◽

Zulqarnain Saeed ◽

Saeeda Al Jaberi ◽

Saeed Tariq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Kidney Tubules ◽

Onset Of Diabetes ◽

Endogenous Antioxidants ◽

Kidney Liver ◽

Convoluted Tubules ◽

The Brain

Nociceptin (NC) consists of 17 amino acids (aa) and takes part in the processing of learning and memory. The role of NC in the induction of endogenous antioxidants in still unclear. We examined the effect of NC on the expression of endogenous antioxidants in kidney, liver, cerebral cortex (CC), and hippocampus after the onset of diabetes mellitus, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry. Exogenous NC (aa chain 1–17; 10 µg/kg body weight) was given intraperitoneally to normal and diabetic rats for 5 days. Our results showed that catalase (CAT) is present in the proximal (PCT) and distal (DCT) convoluted tubules of kidney, hepatocytes, and neurons of CC and hippocampus. The expression of CAT was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the kidney of normal and diabetic rats after treatment with NC. However, NC markedly (p < 0.001) increased the expression CAT in the liver and neurons of CC of diabetic rats. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is widely distributed in the PCT and DCT of kidney, hepatocytes, and neurons of CC and hippocampus. NC significantly (p < 0.001) increased the expression of SOD in hepatocytes and neurons of CC and the hippocampus but not in the kidney. Glutathione reductase (GRED) was observed in kidney tubules, hepatocytes and neurons of the brain. NC markedly increased (p < 0.001) the expression of GRED in PCT and DCT cells of the kidney and hepatocytes of liver and neurons of CC. In conclusion, NC is a strong inducer of CAT, SOD, and GRED expression in the kidney, liver and brain of diabetic rats.

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