Primary Structure and Conformation of Clostridium Botulinum Neurotoxin

1990 ◽  
pp. 75-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibhuti R. DasGupta
Keyword(s):  
Primary Structure ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin

scholarly journals Intratracheal inoculation of AHc vaccine induces protection against aerosolized botulinum neurotoxin A challenge in mice

npj Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changjiao Gan ◽  
Wenbo Luo ◽  
Yunzhou Yu ◽  
Zhouguang Jiao ◽  
Sha Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Immune Protection ◽  
Dry Powder ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin A ◽  
Spray Freeze Drying

AbstractBotulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), produced by Clostridium botulinum, is generally known to be the most poisonous of all biological toxins. In this study, we evaluate the protection conferred by intratracheal (i.t.) inoculation immunization with recombinant Hc subunit (AHc) vaccines against aerosolized BoNT/A intoxication. Three AHc vaccine formulations, i.e., conventional liquid, dry powder produced by spray freeze drying, and AHc dry powder reconstituted in water are prepared, and mice are immunized via i.t. inoculation or subcutaneous (s.c.) injection. Compared with s.c.-AHc-immunized mice, i.t.-AHc-immunized mice exhibit a slightly stronger protection against a challenge with 30,000× LD50 aerosolized BoNT/A. Of note, only i.t.-AHc induces a significantly higher level of toxin-neutralizing mucosal secretory IgA (SIgA) production in the bronchoalveolar lavage of mice. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the immune protection conferred by the three formulations of AHc is comparable, while i.t. immunization of AHc is superior to s.c. immunization against aerosolized BoNT/A intoxication.

scholarly journals Analysis of Neurotoxin Cluster Genes in Clostridium botulinum Strains Producing Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A Subtypes

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 2778-2786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Jacobson ◽  
Guangyun Lin ◽  
Brian Raphael ◽  
Joanne Andreadis ◽  
Eric A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Amino Acid Levels ◽  
Cluster Type ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A ◽  
Cluster Gene ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

ABSTRACT Neurotoxin cluster gene sequences and arrangements were elucidated for strains of Clostridium botulinum encoding botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) subtypes A3, A4, and a unique A1-producing strain (HA− Orfx+ A1). These sequences were compared to the known neurotoxin cluster sequences of C. botulinum strains that produce BoNT/A1 and BoNT/A2 and possess either a hemagglutinin (HA) or an Orfx cluster, respectively. The A3 and HA− Orfx+ A1 strains demonstrated a neurotoxin cluster arrangement similar to that found in A2. The A4 strain analyzed possessed two sets of neurotoxin clusters that were similar to what has been found in the A(B) strains: an HA cluster associated with the BoNT/B gene and an Orfx cluster associated with the BoNT/A4 gene. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the neurotoxin cluster-specific genes were determined for each neurotoxin cluster and compared among strains. Additionally, the ntnh gene of each strain was compared on both the nucleotide and amino acid levels. The degree of similarity of the sequences of the ntnh genes and corresponding amino acid sequences correlated with the neurotoxin cluster type to which the ntnh gene was assigned.

Domain Organization in Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxin Type E Is Unique: Its Implication in Faster Translocation

2009 ◽  
Vol 386 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desigan Kumaran ◽  
Subramaniam Eswaramoorthy ◽  
William Furey ◽  
Jorge Navaza ◽  
Martin Sax ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Domain Organization

scholarly journals Closed Genome Sequence of Clostridium botulinum Strain CFSAN064329 (62A)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis G. Wentz ◽  
Kuan Yao ◽  
Kristin M. Schill ◽  
N. Rukma Reddy ◽  
Guy E. Skinner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Food Challenge ◽  
Strictly Anaerobic ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin A ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Content Type

Clostridium botulinum is a strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that produces botulinum neurotoxin, a potent and deadly proteinaceous exotoxin. Clostridium botulinum strain CFSAN064329 (62A) produces an A1 serotype/subtype botulinum neurotoxin and is frequently utilized in food challenge and detection studies.

scholarly journals Wound botulism in injectors of drugs: upsurge in cases in England during 2004

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 5-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Akbulut ◽  
J Dennis ◽  
M Gent ◽  
K A Grant ◽  
V Hope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Type A ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
Wound Botulism ◽  
Geographical Clustering ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Uk

Wound infections due to Clostridium botulinum were not recognised in the UK and Republic of Ireland before 2000. C. botulinum produces a potent neurotoxin which can cause paralysis and death. In 2000 and 2001, ten cases were clinically recognised, with a further 23 in 2002, 15 in 2003 and 40 cases in 2004. All cases occurred in heroin injectors. Seventy cases occurred in England; the remainder occurred in Scotland (12 cases), Wales (2 cases) and the Republic of Ireland (4 cases). Overall, 40 (45%) of the 88 cases were laboratory confirmed by the detection of botulinum neurotoxin in serum, or by the isolation of C. botulinum from wounds. Of the 40 cases in 2004, 36 occurred in England, and of the 12 that were laboratory confirmed, 10 were due to type A. There was some geographical clustering of the cases during 2004, with most cases occurring in London and in the Yorkshire and Humberside region of northeast England.

scholarly journals Antibodies and Vaccines Against Botulinum Toxins: Available Measures and Novel Approaches

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasetti-Escargueil ◽  
Popoff
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Clostridial Species ◽  
Potential Use

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is produced by the anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium Clostridium botulinum. As one of the most poisonous toxins known and a potential bioterrosism agent, BoNT is characterized by a complex mode of action comprising: internalization, translocation and proteolytic cleavage of a substrate, which inhibits synaptic exocytotic transmitter release at neuro-muscular nerve endings leading to peripheral neuroparalysis of the skeletal and autonomic nervous systems. There are seven major serologically distinct toxinotypes (A–G) of BoNT which act on different substrates. Human botulism is generally caused by BoNT/A, B and E. Due to its extreme lethality and potential use as biological weapon, botulism remains a global public health concern. Vaccination against BoNT, although an effective strategy, remains undesirable due to the growing expectation around therapeutic use of BoNTs in various pathological conditions. This review focuses on the current approaches for botulism control by immunotherapy, highlighting the future challenges while the molecular underpinnings among subtypes variants and BoNT sequences found in non-clostridial species remain to be elucidated.

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