Indeks Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Lokal dan Sebaran Spasialnya di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal, Provinsi Sumatera Utara

The concept of sustainable development is very important to increase our quality of life. Measurement of development based on specific indicators is one of the approaches to describe sustainable development. At the local level, measuring sustainable development using specific indicators is still rare. Since each location has their own unique characteristics, measuring sustainability at the regional level could not always be applied locally. The availability of data at the village level strongly encourages the local measurement of sustainable development index. The economic, social, and environmental dimensions of Mandailing Natal Regency's development are still constrained. Using 21 variables that can reflect economic, social, and environmental aspects, this study aims to measure the sustainable development index at the local level. The Local Sustainable Development Index will be generated by analyzing these variables using the Factor Analysis (FA) method and Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) analysis. This index measurement is useful in considering the direction of location-based (spatial) development for decision makers at the local level and describe development sustainability. In general, IPBL economic value was in the medium category in 2011, and several villages in the low category were able to enhance their economic development sustainability in 2018. In the northwest, IPBL environment cluster type High-high (HH). In 2018, the percentage spatial distribution pattern of villages with the Low-low (LL) cluster type of IPBL economic and IPBL environment decreased. However, as can be seen from the spatial distribution pattern of IPBL social with cluster type LL, the percentage increased in 2018.

Facility Planning Optimization Platform, GGOD, for Expandable Cluster-type Micro-grid Installations and Operations

This paper describes the architecture and the utilization for a facility planning optimization platform called GGOD, “Grid of Grids Optimal Designer” and applies it to expandable cluster-type micro-grid installations and operations. The expandable cluster-type micro-grid is defined as a group of micro-grids that are connected by bi-directional power transfer networks. Furthermore, power sources are also networked. Especially, by networking among power sources, powers necessary for social activities in-demand areas are secured. The proposed architecture is based on service-oriented architecture, meaning that optimization functions are executed as services. For flexibility, these services are executed by requests based on extensible mark-up language texts. The available optimizations are written in meta-data, which are accessible to end-users from the meta-data database system called clearinghouse. The meta-data are of two types, one for single optimization and the other for combined optimization. The processes in GGOD are conducted by the management function which interprets descriptions in meta-data. In meta-data, the names of optimization functions and activation orders are written. The basic executions follow sequential, branch, or loop flow processes, which execute combined optimizations, compare more than two kinds of optimization processes, and perform iterative simulations, respectively. As an application of the proposed architecture, the power generation sites and transmission networks are optimized in a geospatial integrated-resource planning scenario. In this application, a structure and a method for the combination of component functions in GGOD are exemplified. Moreover, GGOD suggests promotions of a lot of applications by effective combinations of basic optimization functions.

Against the Law of Three Consonants in French: Evidence from Judgment Data

Grammont's Law of Three Consonants (LTC) states that French schwa is obligatorily pronounced in any CC_C sequence to avoid three-consonant clusters. Although schwa presence has been shown to be sensitive not only to cluster size but also to the nature of consonants in post-lexical phonology, the LTC is still considered as accurate to describe schwa-zero alternations in lexical phonology. The paper uses judgment data from French speakers in France and Switzerland to compare the behavior of schwa in derived words (lexical phonology) and inflected words (post-lexical phonology). The results show that schwa-zero alternations are conditioned not only by cluster size but also by cluster type in lexical phonology. Moreover, the same phonotactic asymmetries among consonant clusters are found in lexical and post-lexical phonologies. The data therefore support a weaker version of the lexical-phonology hypothesis than what is usually assumed for French. Lexical and post-lexical phonologies do not require different phonotactic constraints but only different weights for the same constraints.

METHOD OF LINES IN DISTRIBUTED PROBLEMS OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA PROCESSING

In many cases, the mathematical support of non-stationary thermal experiments is based on methods for solving the inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP), which include boundary thermal conditions determination, identification of heat and mass transfer processes, restoration of external and internal temperature fields, etc. However, at present, the main field of the IHCP application remains the processing and interpretation of the results of the thermal experiments. It was here where the most considerable theoretical and applied successes were achieved in methods' effectiveness and the breadth of their practical use. This paper highlights the issues of mathematical modeling of multidimensional non-stationary problems of metallurgical thermophysics.The primary research purpose aims at solving problems associated with identifying parallel structures of algorithms and programs and their reflection in the computers’ architecture in solving a wide range of applied problems. Supercomputers are currently inaccessible due to the enormous cost and service price. In this regard, a real alternative is cluster-type computing systems by which the simulation results are covered in this paper.Being a relatively new technology, cluster-type parallel computing systems are useful in solving a large class of non-stationary multidimensional problems, while allowing to increase the productivity and quality of computations. The software developed in this paper can be used to plan and process the results of a thermophysical experiment. The algorithms developed in the application program package are simply reconstructed to solve other coefficient and boundary problems of thermal conductivity. The developed algorithms for solving thermophysical problems are highly accurate and efficient: the test solution for IHCP with accurate input data coincides with the thermophysical features of the sample material. The developed software for processing the results of a thermophysical experiment is self-regulating. Moreover, it is quite merely tuned to the solution of others and, in particular, of boundary IHCP.

Realization of advantages of Russian processor architecture KOMDIV64 in technical means of complexes of civil purpose automation

The paper discusses the practical issues of creation cluster-type computing equipment and switching equipment, which are based on Russian technologies and components developed for the segment of high-performance teraflop-class servers. A number of technical solutions are proposed, aimed at forming in the shortest possible time with minimal costs using a limited set of components (clusters), a model range of cluster-type computing equipment. The latter should ensure the creation of technical means of automation systems that have a performance parity with technical means of foreign production, as well as surpass it in a number of important operational and technical parameters, including the duration of the products and technical means life cycle, failure stability and external influencing factors durability.

Indoor air quality and its relationship with cluster type in urban Pakistani households

OBJECTIVE: To assess the levels and predictors of formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and fine particulate matter with diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in Karachi, Pakistan.METHODS: A total of 1629 households were selected through multistage cluster sampling in a community‐based cross‐sectional survey. Formaldehyde, NO2 and CO levels were measured using YesAir Indoor air monitor and for PM2.5, UCB‐PATS (University of California Berkeley Particle and Temperature Sensor) was used. Clusters were classified either as planned (areas of planned housing) or unplanned (informal settlements).RESULTS: We found the median concentrations to be as follows: formaldehyde, 0.03 ppm (IQR 0.00–0.090); CO, 0.00 ppm (IQR 0.00–1.00); NO2, 0 ppm (IQR 0.00–0.00) and PM2.5, 0.278 mg/m3 (IQR 0.162–0.526). We found a significant association of the upper quartiles of formaldehyde and PM2.5 levels with type of cluster. The risk of obtaining formaldehyde and PM2.5 levels in the upper quartile was higher in unplanned clusters than in planned clusters (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 33.0, 95% CI 4.02–271.5 and aOR 0.10, 95% CI 0.001–0.16, respectively). No significant association was observed between levels of CO and cluster type (aOR 0.84, 95%CI 0.62–1.14).CONCLUSION: This study reports high levels of indoor air pollutants in Karachi, with considerable variation across planned vs. unplanned clusters.

A feasible approach for automatically differentiable unitary coupled-cluster on quantum computers

We develop computationally affordable and encoding independent gradient evaluation procedures for unitary coupled-cluster type operators, applicable on quantum computers.