A Phylogenetic Analysis and Definition of the Carnivora

1993 ◽  
pp. 32-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
André R. Wyss ◽  
John J. Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Definition Of

scholarly journals Ingolfiellidea (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Amphipoda): a phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Vonk ◽  
Frederick R. Schram
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Relict Species ◽  
Ecological Characteristics ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Biogeographic Analysis

The suborder Ingolfiellidea currently consists of 39 named species. An historical overview is presented and phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses are made. The result of the phylogenetic analysis suggests the definition of two new genera within an African freshwater group, namely Paraleleupia n. gen. and Proleleupia n. gen. Re-examination of a supposedly Italian relict species, Metaingolfiella mirabilis, with the aid of SEM techniques reveals a half-fusion of the head region with the first pereionite. The issue of the function of the ‘eyelobe’ is addressed and an explanation presented after examining with SEM such lobes in different species. Furthermore, additional descriptions are given based on the type-material of Metaingolfiella mirabilis, Trogloleleupia eggerti, Trogloleleupia leleupi, Ingolfiella littoralis, I. tabularis, I. margaritae, I. quadridentata, and I. abyssi. An attempt to relate the geographic distribution and ecological characteristics to the phylogeny of the Ingolfiellidea results in a paleogeographic scenario that points to a freshwater subterranean origin for the group that dates from at least Triassic times.

scholarly journals The shrimp superfamily Sergestoidea: a global phylogeny with definition of new families and an assessment of the pathways into principal biotopes

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 170221 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Vereshchaka
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Copulatory Organ ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Definition Of

The phylogenetic analysis of Sergestoidea based on 253 morphological characters and encompassing all 99 valid species confirmed all previously recognized genus-level clades. Analysis retrieved five major robust clades that correspond to families Luciferidae, Sergestidae, Acetidae fam.n., Sicyonellidae fam.n. and Petalidiumidae fam.n. Synonymy, emended diagnoses and composition of revealed family-level clades are provided. Three types of morphological characters were important in the phylogeny of the Sergestoidea: general external characters, copulatory organs, and photophores. Novel metrics to quantify the contribution of these character types were tested. General external characters were significant in supporting the major clades (80% of the families and nearly half of the genera). Copulatory organ characters and photophores greatly supported the medium-level clades: Lucifer, Belzebub , Petalidium, Neosergestes, Challengerosergia (copulatory organ characters) and Lucensosergia , Challengerosergia, Gardinerosergia , Phorcosergia (photophores). An evolutionary model of the Sergestoidea showing their pathways into their principal biotopes is proposed: the major clades evolved in a vertical direction (from epi- to bathypelagic); further divergence at the genus level occurred within vertical zones in a horizontal direction, with the invasion of the benthopelagic and neritic (shelf and estuarine) habitats and speciation within these domains.

Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomy of the subgenus Gnathopaederus Chapin and related groups of Paederus s.l. (Coleoptera:Staphylinidae:Paederinae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Xiao-Yan Li ◽  
Hong-Zhang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Character State ◽  
Robust Solution ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
First Time

The paederine genus Paederus s.l. (Coleoptera : Staphylinidae) is a hyperdiverse group of some 500 species worldwide. Although the subtribe Paederina, in which the genus resides, is monophyletic the status of numerous genera and subgenera is questionable and the current classification is likely to be flawed. As part of detailed studies on the paederine fauna of China, we undertook a preliminary morphologically-based phylogenetic analysis to determine the relationships of Paederus (Gnathopaederus) and related subgenera, as a basis for a revision of the subgenus, and as an attempt to provide a better framework for future taxonomic studies on the group as a whole. The analysis was based on 66 adult morphological characters for 30 ingroup taxa, including all six species of P. (Gnathopaederus). The results show that P. (Gnathopaederus) and P. (Paederus), and the genera Megalopaederus, Pachypaederus and Paederidus are monophyletic, and that P. (Eopaederus) and P. (Harpopaederus) are paraphylyetic. However, our analysis did not offer a robust solution to relationships among other clades within Paederus s.l. although it seems clear that Paederus s.l. is not monophyletic with respect to the above genera. The monophyly of P. (Gnathopaederus) is supported by the mandibular basal medial tooth having two cuspids separated dorsoventrally. Based largely on this character state, the definition of the subgenus is refined; six species are recognized, including two new species described from China as follows: P. (G.) daozhenensis, sp. nov. from Guizhou, and P. (G.) jilongensis, sp. nov. from Xizang; three species, P. bursavacua Willers, P. yunnanensis Willers and P. solodovnikovi Willers, are newly assigned to the subgenus according to a revised subgeneric definition. New morphological characters including important secondary sexual characters and sexual dimorphism are described and male genitalia are illustrated for the first time for the type species of the subgenus, P. (G.) szechuanus (Chapin). A key to the six species is presented and the distribution of each species is documented and discussed.

Green-Spinach, Red-Spinach, and Tree-Spinach (‘Three-Fold Spinach’ in Sri Lanka): An Insight into Phylogenetics and Consumer Preference

2020 ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
T. H. I. Gayathree ◽  
S. I. Karunarathne ◽  
L. T. Ranaweera ◽  
H. S. M. Jayarathne ◽  
S. K. Kannangara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Basella Alba ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Insight Into

Three types of spinach, green spinach (GS), red spinach (RS), and tree spinach (TS) are consumed in Sri Lanka. GS, RS, and TS are referred to as Basella alba, Basella rubra, and Talinum fruticosum respectively. However, some taxonomists categorize GS and RS under B. alba causing an ambiguity. Due to the poor sanitation, consumers prefer to purchase greenhouse-grown spinach over field grown material. However, the taste parameters of field grown and greenhouse-grown spinach have not been assessed. The objectives of the present study were to resolve the taxonomic ambiguity between GS and RS, identify the evolutionary relationship of TS to other two species and to assess the organoleptic preference on the dishes prepared using greenhouse and field-grown shoot-tops of three spinach. The genomic DNA extracted from GS, RS, and TS, PCR amplified and sequenced for the barcoding markers rbcL, ITS, matK-trnT and atpB-rbcL. The sequences obtained along with other reported related sequences were subjected to phylogenetic analysis.  A sensory test was carried out using the shoot-tops of three species grown under greenhouse and field conditions. The taste panelists were asked to rank the dishes for preferred levels of color, aroma, texture, bitterness, and overall taste and the data were subjected to the association analysis. The rbcL and ITS markers separate GS and RS into two well -supported clades, B. alba and B. rubra respectively. The polymorphisms of atpB-rbcL and matK-trnT markers support the definition of two species. The monophyly of B. alba and B. rubra with T. fruticosum must be the reason for the same palate in dishes and designation of all three species under “spinach” in Sri Lanka. The taste panel data demonstrated that there is no specific fondness for greenhouse or field grown materials enabling the popularization of greenhouse-grown spinach to answer the safety concerns.

scholarly journals Complexities in Case Definition of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection: Clinical Evidence and Implications in COVID-19 Surveillance and Diagnosis

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1262
Author(s):  
Lisa Yamasaki ◽  
Meng Ling Moi
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Definition Of

Reinfection cases have been reported in some countries with clinical symptoms ranging from mild to severe. In addition to clinical diagnosis, virus genome sequence from the first and second infection has to be confirmed to either belong to separate clades or had significant mutations for the confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. While phylogenetic analysis with paired specimens offers the strongest evidence for reinfection, there remains concerns on the definition of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, for reasons including accessibility to paired-samples and technical challenges in phylogenetic analysis. In light of the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants that are associated with increased transmissibility and immune-escape further understanding of COVID-19 protective immunity, real-time surveillance directed at identifying COVID-19 transmission patterns, transmissibility of emerging variants and clinical implications of reinfection would be important in addressing the challenges in definition of COVID-19 reinfection and understanding the true disease burden.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of goose parvovirus in geese of Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oya Bulut ◽  
Irmak Dik ◽  
Hatice P. Aslim ◽  
Cagri Avci ◽  
Hasan S. Palanci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
The World ◽  
Goose Parvovirus ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Definition Of

ABSTRACT: Goose parvovirus (GPV), also called Derzsy’s disease, is a viral pathogen that causes high morbidity and mortality in goslings and ducklings. In this study, we perform the molecular characterization of the GPV in Turkey. The definition of similarity to the world of GPV isolates in Turkey and construction of a phylogenetic tree was aimed. For this purpose, the presence of GPV in the liver, spleen, and intestine tissues of nine goslings with symptoms such as dysphagia, bilateral ocular swelling, eye discharge, diarrhea, and fatigue were investigated by real-time PCR method and all samples were detected as positive. According to the data obtained by molecular characterization, phylogenetic analysis of GPV has been presented in Turkey. As a result of this study, it was determined that the GPVs available in Turkey are virulent strains.

scholarly journals Russellosaurus coheni n. gen., n. sp., a 92 million-year-old mosasaur from Texas (USA), and the definition of the parafamily Russellosaurina

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Polcyn ◽  
G.L. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
North America ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Dallas County ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Basal Position ◽  
Marine Adaptations

AbstractA new mosasaur, Russellosaurus coheni, is described from the Collignoniceras woollgari Zone (lower Middle Turonian) at Cedar Hill, Dallas County, Texas. At approximately 92 Ma, it is the oldest well-preserved mosasaur skull from North America. It possesses characters diagnostic of Plioplatecarpinae but retains numerous plesiomorphies as well. Phylogenetic analysis indicates a close relationship with Yaguarasaurus columbianus, and these two, together with Tethysaurus nopcsai, form a clade that occupies a position basal to the divergence of the subfamilies Tylosaurinae and Plioplatecarpinae. Russellosaurus coheni is proposed as the nominal taxon of a new mosasaur clade, parafamily taxon novum Russellosaurina, which includes Plioplatecarpinae, Tylosaurinae, their common ancestor and all descendants. Tethysaurus retains a plesiopedal limb and girdle morphology, and along with Russellosaurus and Yaguarasaurus, cranial plesiomorphies. Dallasaurus turneri, a temporally and geographically sympatric plesiopedal mosasaur, occupies a basal position within Mosasaurinae. This phyletic arrangement confirms that marine adaptations, such as development of paddle-like limbs, occurred independently in at least two lineages of mosasaurs, once within Mosasaurinae and once within Russellosaurina.

Proposal of a new subfamily of Sciaridae (Diptera: Sciaridae), with description of one new species from South Korea

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4543 (1) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEUNGGWAN SHIN ◽  
HEUNGSIK LEE ◽  
SEUNGHWAN LEE
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
One New Species ◽  
Key Characters

Here we propose a new monophyletic subfamily, the Chaetosciarinae, based on previous morphological cladistic and molecular phylogenetic studies. This new subfamily includes the genera Chaetosciara Frey, Mouffetina Frey, Schwenckfeldina Frey, and Scythropochroa Enderlein. We also provide a definition of the new subfamily Chaetosciarinae and describe common morphological key characters. Three Korean Chaetosciarinae species in three genera are reported, all of which are new to Korea and one (Scythropochroa pseudoquercicola sp. nov.) of which is new to science. A previous molecular phylogenetic study designated Scy. pseudoquercicola as an unidentified species. Our study provides examined species information for members of this new subfamily to accompany the GenBank accession numbers published by a previous molecular phylogenetic study. Furthermore, we present a multigene molecular phylogenetic analysis for the Chaetosciarinae. 

scholarly journals Phylogenetic analysis of the genera Proteus, Morganella and Providencia by comparison of rpoB gene sequences of type and clinical strains suggests the reclassification of Proteus myxofaciens in a new genus, Cosenzaea gen. nov., as Cosenzaea myxofaciens comb. nov.

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1638-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni M. Giammanco ◽  
Patrick A. D. Grimont ◽  
Francine Grimont ◽  
Martine Lefevre ◽  
Giuseppe Giammanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Rpob Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Providencia Alcalifaciens ◽  
Nucleotide Divergence ◽  
Definition Of

Phylogenetic analysis of partial rpoB gene sequences of type and clinical strains belonging to different 16S rRNA gene-fingerprinting ribogroups within 11 species of enterobacteria of the genera Proteus, Morganella and Providencia was performed and allowed the definition of rpoB clades, supported by high bootstrap values and confirmed by ≥2.5 % nucleotide divergence. None of the resulting clades included strains belonging to different species and the majority of the species were confirmed as discrete and homogeneous. However, more than one distinct rpoB clade could be defined among strains belonging to the species Proteus vulgaris (two clades), Providencia alcalifaciens (two clades) and Providencia rettgeri (three clades), suggesting that some strains represent novel species according to the genotypes outlined by rpoB gene sequence analysis. Percentage differences between the rpoB gene sequence of the type strain of Proteus myxofaciens and other members of the same genus (17.3–18.9 %) were similar to those calculated amongst strains of the genus Providencia (16.4–18.7 %), suggesting a genetic distance at the genus-level between Proteus myxofaciens and the rest of the Proteus–Providencia group. Proteus myxofaciens therefore represents a member of a new genus, for which the name Cosenzaea gen. nov., is proposed.

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