Global Challenge in Diabetes Prevention from Practice to Public Health

2012 ◽  
pp. 239-250
Author(s):  
Peter E. H. Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Global Challenge

Disposal Practices of Unused Medications Among Patients in Public Health Centers of Dessie Town, Northeast Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Haile Kassahun ◽  
Dugessa Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Northeast Ethiopia ◽  
Unused Medications ◽  
At Home

Background: Disposal of pharmaceutical waste among patients is a global challenge especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. Improper medication disposal can lead to health problems and environmental contaminations. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess disposal practices of unused medications among patients in public health centers of Dessie town, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 263 patients in four public health centers of Dessie town, Ethiopia from March to June, 2019. Face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires were used to collect data from each study subject. Results: The majority of the respondents, 224 (85.17%) had unused medications at their home during the study period. The most commonly reported disposal method in the present study was flushing down into a toilet 66 (25.09%). None of the respondents practiced returning unused medications to Pharmacy. Moreover, 85 (32.31%) of the respondents reported never disposing their medications and believed that it is acceptable to store medications at home for future use. Conclusion: In the present study, there was a high practice of keeping medications at home and most of the disposal practices were not recommended methods. In addition, most of the respondents did not get advice from pharmacists and other health care professionals on how to dispose off unused medications. Hence, there is a need for proper education and guidance of patients regarding disposal practices of unused medications.

scholarly journals A case of neck abscess caused by rare hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae, capsular type K20 and sequence type 420

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Alexander McHardy ◽  
Vathshalan Selvaganeshapillai ◽  
Priya Khanna ◽  
Ashley Michael Whittington ◽  
Jane Turton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
East Asia ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Neck Abscess ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background This case report describes a neck abscess caused by a strain of Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in a middle aged man with diabetes without a history of travel to East and South East Asia. This case report is of notable significance as Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae neck abscesses are rarely seen in the UK and are very infrequently documented in individuals who have not first travelled to the high prevalence areas of East and South East Asia. Case presentation This case report describes a 53 year old diabetic man who contracted a Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae neck abscess which led to the development of sepsis. Klebsiella pneumoniae was cultured from blood cultures and fluid aspirated from the abscess grew the pathogen with same antimicrobial susceptibility. Hypervirulence was demonstrated after the samples were analysed, at the Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit Public Health England Colindale, and found to contain the K20 (rmp)A and rmpA2 virulence genes. Discussion Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, encapsulated, non-motile bacillus notable for its ability to metastatically spread and cause potentially life threatening infections in otherwise healthy adults, but especially in those with diabetes. Genes responsible for the production of hyperviscous mucoid polysaccharide capsules and siderophores, such as those isolated in this case, enable the bacteria to more efficiently evade the hosts immune system and disseminate and invade surrounding and distant tissues. Data from Public Health England shows Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae are rare in the UK. A review of current literature also showed Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae almost exclusively occur in those who have traveled to East and South East Asia. Conclusions This case reported a rare Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae neck abscess outside of, and without travel to, East and South East Asia. This raises concerns about future, potentially life threatening, Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae infections becoming more widespread without the need for endemic travel. This concern is further exacerbated by the growing global challenge of antimicrobial resistance.

Optimization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Basu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Diabetes Prevention Program ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Pollution Reduction ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Public Health Department ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Reduction Program ◽  
Distribution Of Resources

This chapter seeks to determine how can we best allocate limited resources among many different programs. Given a budget to run a program that must be distributed among many different alternative projects (e.g., within a public health department, we might allocate some resources to a vaccination program, another set of resources to a diabetes prevention program, and yet another set of resources to an air pollution reduction program), how can we try to maximize the chances that we allocate limited resources fairly, ensuring that each program has at least the minimal resources that it needs while also ensuring that the distribution of resources maximizes overall public health? This chapter uses computational tools to solve such problems, focusing on how we can make smart decisions to maximize the potential effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of any particular program we’re interested in supporting—a goal known as optimization.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance challenging professional learning in three LMICs

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heli Kaatrakoski ◽  
Allison Littlejohn ◽  
Koula Charitonos
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Professional Learning ◽  
National Level ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Health Objectives

Purpose Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a huge global challenge calling for changes in learning and working in health-care settings. The purpose of this study is to examine tensions expressed by professionals involved in AMR in three low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) in Asia and Africa. Design/methodology/approach The qualitative study was based on 60 face-to-face or online interviews in three LMICs. The interviews were analyzed by thematic analysis and analysis of elements of an activity system. Findings A number of tensions within activity systems were analyzed revealing key issues inhibiting reconceptualization of object of work and moving toward new activity. The study suggests four opposing forces: (1) cost efficiency and good public health objectives; (2) historically and culturally developed hierarchies and good public health objectives; (3) individual responsibility and institutional responsibility; and (4) fragmented set ups and holistic view of activity as critical when developing learning and work activities in analyzed settings. Originality/value This study expands the analysis of learning needs beyond individual skills and knowledge by taking a systemic approach using the cultural-historical activity theory framework. It shows that learning around AMR is needed at individual, organizational and national level.

Microsimulation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Basu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Markov Models ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Microsimulation Models ◽  
Unique Individual

In previous chapters, the author used Markov models to estimate the burden of disease and the potential impact of interventions. One of the key limitations to Markov models is that they don’t take into account a person’s unique individual characteristics: Markov models are designed to efficiently simulate the average outcome for an entire population. For many public health and healthcare system problems, however, we need to consider heterogeneity within a population, or differences in risk and differences in benefit from our programs. For that purpose, microsimulation models, which take into account unique characteristics of individuals and the correlations between these characteristics, can be more useful. This chapter details the construction and use of microsimulation models, using examples related to diabetes prevention and treatment.

scholarly journals A global challenge and a legal requirement: new findings can help the Welsh response and put sustainable development into practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i41-i42
Author(s):  
Cathy Weatherup ◽  
Sumina Azam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Legal Requirement ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Welsh Language ◽  
New Findings

Abstract Sustainable development legislation in Wales requires us to think and act differently to contribute to seven well being goals, namely; prosperity, resilience, health, equity, cohesive communities, globally responsible and a vibrant culture and thriving welsh language, now and over the longer term. Findings from a Literature Review, commissioned by the Health and Sustainability Hub, Public Health Wales, identify approaches and recommendations to help implement the legislation; aimed at people, policies and practice.

scholarly journals Cycling and Diabetes Prevention: Practice-Based Evidence for Public Health Action

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. e1002077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Panter ◽  
David Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Public Health Action ◽  
Health Action

Public Health Approaches in Diabetes Prevention and Control

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S5-S7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Jack ◽  
K. M. Venkat Narayan ◽  
Dawn Satterfield ◽  
Andrew P. Lanza
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
And Control
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