Area and Perimeter: Melon Farm

2012 ◽  
pp. 161-190
Author(s):  
Rina Zazkis ◽  
Nathalie Sinclair ◽  
Peter Liljedahl
Keyword(s):  
Area And Perimeter

scholarly journals All-Trans Retinoic Acid Increases DRP1 Levels and Promotes Mitochondrial Fission

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1202
Author(s):  
Bojjibabu Chidipi ◽  
Syed Islamuddin Shah ◽  
Michelle Reiser ◽  
Manasa Kanithi ◽  
Amanda Garces ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Mitochondrial Fission ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Mitochondrial Network ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Trans Retinoic Acid ◽  
All Trans Retinoic Acid ◽  
Area And Perimeter

In the heart, mitochondrial homeostasis is critical for sustaining normal function and optimal responses to metabolic and environmental stressors. Mitochondrial fusion and fission are thought to be necessary for maintaining a robust population of mitochondria, and disruptions in mitochondrial fission and/or fusion can lead to cellular dysfunction. The dynamin-related protein (DRP1) is an important mediator of mitochondrial fission. In this study, we investigated the direct effects of the micronutrient retinoid all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the mitochondrial structure in vivo and in vitro using Western blot, confocal, and transmission electron microscopy, as well as mitochondrial network quantification using stochastic modeling. Our results showed that ATRA increases DRP1 protein levels, increases the localization of DRP1 to mitochondria in isolated mitochondrial preparations. Our results also suggested that ATRA remodels the mitochondrial ultrastructure where the mitochondrial area and perimeter were decreased and the circularity was increased. Microscopically, mitochondrial network remodeling is driven by an increased rate of fission over fusion events in ATRA, as suggested by our numerical modeling. In conclusion, ATRA results in a pharmacologically mediated increase in the DRP1 protein. It also results in the modulation of cardiac mitochondria by promoting fission events, altering the mitochondrial network, and modifying the ultrastructure of mitochondria in the heart.

Geometrical Modeling of Tool-Workpiece Contact Zone and Chip Formation in Finish Ball End Milling Process with Tool Inclination Angles

2016 ◽  
Vol 693 ◽  
pp. 788-794
Author(s):  
Xiao Xiao Chen ◽  
Jun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Contact Zone ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
End Milling ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Ball End Milling ◽  
Geometrical Modeling ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Inclination Angles ◽  
Area And Perimeter ◽  
End Milling Process

The tool-workpiece contact zone is an important issue in the ball end milling process. This paper investigated the effects of tool inclination angles on the tool-workpiece contact zone, and variations of the cutting section area and perimeter with the increasing tilt and lead angles were also analyzed by geometrical modeling and measurement method for ball end milling process. The appropriate tool inclination angles, which could avoid the extrusion and friction between tool tip and the uncut materials, shorten the loading time on the cutting flute, and decrease the maximum cutting forces, could be preferentially selected according to the distribution characteristics of the tool-workpiece contact zone and the variations of the cutting section area and perimeter corresponding to various tool postures.

FRAGMENT OR BROKEN? IMPROVING THE PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA FRAGMENTATION ASSESSMENT

Palaios ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 165-172
Author(s):  
JAIME YESID SUÁREZ-IBARRA ◽  
CRISTIANE FRAGA FROZZA ◽  
SANDRO MONTICELLI PETRÓ ◽  
MARIA ALEJANDRA GÓMEZ PIVEL
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Software Analysis ◽  
Fragmentation Index ◽  
Area And Perimeter ◽  
Partial Damage

ABSTRACT Planktonic foraminifera tests can suffer dissolution, which usually involves partial damage, weight loss, and fragmentation. Since planktonic foraminifera assemblages, consisting of different resistant/susceptible species, can be strongly modified by dissolution, it is imperative to quantify its effect. The fragmentation index proposed 50 years ago has been used widely to measure preservation of planktonic foraminifera tests, but calibrations to this method are necessary. Some revisions are based on assumptions, like a certain number of fragments produced by a unique test, which is then used to compare whole tests with the dissolution remains. Likewise, researchers do not agree on what they count and how they identify what they count. Here we present a standardized and less subjective method, called fragmentation intensity (FI), to better assess the fragmentation of planktonic foraminifera through image software analysis, which includes both fragmentation remains (fragments and broken tests) and their measured area and perimeter. When compared to calcium carbonate content, grain sand content, and planktonic foraminifera tests per gram of dry sediment, the FI method derived better correlation values than the broken and fragments indexes. Future studies, in varying oceanographic contexts, can test this method to improve confidence, and eventually possibly adapt the index into a proxy for calcium carbonate undersaturation.

scholarly journals Lettuce growth stage identification based on phytomorphological variations using coupled color superpixels and multifold watershed transformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Ronnie Sabino Concepcion II ◽  
Jonnel Dorado Alejandrino ◽  
Sandy Cruz Lauguico ◽  
Rogelio Ruzcko Tobias ◽  
Edwin Sybingco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Lettuce Plant ◽  
Watershed Transformation ◽  
Head Development ◽  
Area And Perimeter ◽  
Lettuce Growth ◽  
Machine Learning Models

Identifying the plant's developmental growth stages from seed leaf is crucial to understand plant science and cultivation management deeply. An efficient vision-based system for plant growth monitoring entails optimum segmentation and classification algorithms. This study presents coupled color-based superpixels and multifold watershed transformation in segmenting lettuce plant from complicated background taken from smart farm aquaponic system, and machine learning models used to classify lettuce plant growth as vegetative, head development and for harvest based on phytomorphological profile. Morphological computations were employed by feature extraction of the number of leaves, biomass area and perimeter, convex area, convex hull area and perimeter, major and minor axis lengths of the major axis length the dominant leaf, and length of plant skeleton. Phytomorphological variations of biomass compactness, convexity, solidity, plant skeleton, and perimeter ratio were included as inputs of the classification network. The extracted Lab color space information from the training image set undergoes superpixels overlaying with 1,000 superpixel regions employing K-means clustering on each pixel class. Six-level watershed transformation with distance transformation and minima imposition was employed to segment the lettuce plant from other pixel objects. The accuracy of correctly classifying the vegetative, head development, and harvest growth stages are 88.89%, 86.67%, and 79.63%, respectively. The experiment shows that the test accuracy rates of machine learning models were recorded as 60% for LDA, 85% for ANN, and 88.33% for QSVM. Comparative analysis showed that QSVM bested the performance of optimized LDA and ANN in classifying lettuce growth stages. This research developed a seamless model in segmenting vegetation pixels, and predicting lettuce growth stage is essential for plant computational phenotyping and agricultural practice optimization.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Optical Silicone Tactile Sensor

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Fathiah Mohamed Rosli ◽  
Muhammad Azmi Ayub ◽  
Roseleena Jaafan
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Surgery ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Tactile Sensor ◽  
Computer Algorithm ◽  
Anal Ysis ◽  
Area And Perimeter ◽  
Images Processing

The main objective of this research work is to anal yze the characteristics of a newly developed optical tactile sensor for sensing surface hardness. Many optical tactile sensors are bulky in size and lack of dexterity for biomedical applications. Therefore, this tactile sensor is design relative small in size and flexible for easier insertion in endoscopic surgery application. The characteristics of the tactile sensor are calibrated with respect to changes in the diameter, area and perimeter of a silicon tactile sensor subjected to normal forces applied at the point of interaction. A surface exploration computer algorithm to obtain the sensing information was developed to analyse the characteristic of the optical tactile sensor. The overall image anal ysis technique involves the following main stages: image acquisition (capturing of images), processing (thresholding, noise filtering and boundary detection ) and evaluation (force measurement). The measured forces were then compared to the actual forces to determine the accuracy of the tactile sensor’s characteristics. The results showed tluit the sensing characteristic with respect to changes in perimeter of the tactile sensor is more accurate compared to the other sensing characteristics. The outcomes of this research shows that the functionality of the developed new image anal ysis computer algorithm coupled with the silicone tactile sensor is suitable for biomedical applications such as in endoscopic surgery for measurement of tissue softness.

scholarly journals BACHD Mice Recapitulate the Striatal Parvalbuminergic Interneuron Loss Found in Huntington’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyshnavi Rallapalle ◽  
Annesha C. King ◽  
Michelle Gray
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Neuronal Population ◽  
Medium Spiny Neurons ◽  
Cholinergic Interneurons ◽  
Spiny Neurons ◽  
Parvalbumin Interneurons ◽  
Area And Perimeter ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Disease Grade

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited, adult-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor, psychiatric, and cognitive abnormalities. Neurodegeneration is prominently observed in the striatum where GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSN) are the most affected neuronal population. Interestingly, recent reports of pathological changes in HD patient striatal tissue have identified a significant reduction in the number of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons which becomes more robust in tissues of higher disease grade. Analysis of other interneuron populations, including somatostatin, calretinin, and cholinergic, did not reveal significant neurodegeneration. Electrophysiological experiments in BACHD mice have identified significant changes in the properties of parvalbumin and somatostatin expressing interneurons in the striatum. Furthermore, their interactions with MSNs are altered as the mHTT expressing mouse models age with increased input onto MSNs from striatal somatostatin and parvalbumin-expressing neurons. In order to determine whether BACHD mice recapitulate the alterations in striatal interneuron number as observed in HD patients, we analyzed the number of striatal parvalbumin, somatostatin, calretinin, and choline acetyltransferase positive cells in symptomatic 12–14 month-old mice by immunofluorescent labeling. We observed a significant decrease in the number of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons as well as a decrease in the area and perimeter of these cells. No significant changes were observed for somatostatin, calretinin, or cholinergic interneuron numbers while a significant decrease was observed for the area of cholinergic interneurons. Thus, the BACHD mice recapitulate the degenerative phenotype observed in the parvalbumin interneurons in HD patient striata without affecting the number of other interneuron populations in the striatum.

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