Methods for Determining the Degree of Polymerization of Condensed Tannins: A New 1H-NMR Procedure Applied to Cider Apple Procyanidins

1999 ◽  
pp. 211-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Guyot ◽  
Christine Le Guernevé ◽  
Nathalie Marnet ◽  
Jean-François Drilleau
Keyword(s):  
1H Nmr ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization

scholarly journals Composition and Protein Precipitation Capacity of Condensed Tannins in Purple Prairie Clover (Dalea purpurea Vent.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Huang ◽  
Tianming Hu ◽  
Zhongjun Xu ◽  
Long Jin ◽  
Tim A. McAllister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Quantum Coherence ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Protein Precipitation ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Tissues

This study aimed to determine the concentration and composition of condensed tannins (CT) in different tissues of purple prairie clover (PPC; Dalea purpurea Vent.) at different maturities and to determine their protein-precipitating capacity. The compositions of CT were elucidated after thiolysis with benzyl mercaptan followed by high-performance liquid-chromatography (HPLC) and 1H–13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR spectroscopy. The results indicated that PPC flowering heads contained the highest CT concentration. Purple prairie clover CT consisted mainly of epicatechin (EC) and epigallocatechin (EGC) subunits. CT in the leaves were composed of more EC and less EGC than CT in stems and flowering heads at both the early flowering (EF) and late flowering (LF) head stages. The mean degree of polymerization was the highest for CT in stems and increased with maturity. CT isolated from PPC leaves at the early flowering head stage exhibited the greatest biological activity in terms of protein precipitation. Overall, the CT in PPC were predominantly procyanidins and the concentration and composition varied among the plant tissues and with maturity.

scholarly journals Use of Tannin-Containing Plants as Antimicrobials Influencing the Animal Health

2022 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Mohammed M Dakheel ◽  
Afnan A Al-Mnaser ◽  
Jessica Quijada ◽  
Martin J Woodward ◽  
Caroline Rymer
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
The Subject

The antimicrobial effects of diverse tannin-containing plants, particularly condensed tannins (CTs) produced from various plants, are the subject of this study. CT components can be determined using CT-specific procedures such the HCl-Butanol Acetone assay, Thiolysis reaction, and HPLC/MS analysis. These methods indicate CT contents, including mean degree of polymerization, the procyanidins and prodelphinidins ratio (PC/PD%), the isomers of trans- and cis-, and CT concentration. Tannin-containing plants possess antibacterial action, which can be attributed to their protein linkage technique, and tannin-type variations, particularly CTs extract and their PC/PD%. The effects of CT components on the development of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have been documented for their relative PC/PD%; this is regarded to be a key predictor of tannin characteristics in terms of antimicrobials. In conclusion, tannins, more specific CT compositions, have significant impacts on in vivo trials of animal productions and utilization of metabolites and fermentation in vitro experiments. These findings need further investigations to fully understand how CT-types act on animal feeding in terms of enhanced nutritional quality of animal diets, which may have implications for human and animal health.

scholarly journals Effects of condensed tannins prepared from leaves of fodder plants on digestive enzymes in vitro and in the intestine of rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Horigome ◽  
R. Kumar ◽  
K. Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Molecular Forms ◽  
Reynoutria Japonica ◽  
Fodder Plants

1. Of the nineteen plants screened, six were found to contain large quantities of condensed tannins. Black locust (Robinia pseudo-Acacia), bush clover (Lespedeza bicolor), wistaria (Wistaria floribunda) and Japanese knotgrass (Reynoutria japonica) were used for the present experiment. Tannins of the investigated plants were fractionated into three or four molecular forms, according to the degree of polymerization, by chromatography on a column of Sephadex LH-20.2. The protein-precipitating capacity of the fractionated tannins increased with the increase in degree of polymerization. The inhibitory effect of tannins on trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4), a-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) and lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) activities in vitro also increased with the increase in degree of polymerization. The digestion of tannin-bovine serum albumin complex by trypsin was related to the degree of polymerization of tannins complexed.3. Inclusion of black locust tannins in the diet (10 g/kg) depressed the activities of trypsin and α-amylase in the upper, middle and lower parts of the intestine of the rats, but the lipase activity was increased in the middle part and remained unaffected in the upper and lower parts. It is presumed that the tannins have little affinity for lipase.4. Digestion trials, when the microflora level of the alimentary canal of rats was reduced by dietary antibiotic treatment, revealed that the inclusion of tannins in the diet (20 g/kg) depressed the digestibilities of proximate constituents, except crude fat, and increased faecal bile acid excretion.

scholarly journals Characterization and biological activity of condensed tannins from tropical forage legumes

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1070-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Pires Pereira ◽  
Elisa Cristina Modesto ◽  
Delci de Deus Nepomuceno ◽  
Osniel Faria de Oliveira ◽  
Rafaela Scalise Xavier de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Polymerization Degree ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Ruminant Diets

Abstract: The objective of this work was to characterize condensed tannins (CT) from six tropical forage legumes and to determine their biological activity. The monomers propelargonidin, prodelphinidin and procyanidin were analyzed, as well as extractable condensed tannin (ECT), protein-bound CT (PBCT) and fiber-bound CT (FBCT), molecular weight, degree of polymerization, polydispersity index, and biological activity by protein precipitate by phenols (PPP) of leaves of the legumes Cajanus cajan, Gliricidia sepium, Stylosanthes capitata x Stylosanthes macrocephala (stylo), Flemingia macrophylla, Cratylia argentea, and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, and of the bark of this latter species. Differences were observed in the concentrations of ECT, PBCT, PPP, and total condensed tannin among species, but not in that of FBCT. The highest value of PBCT occurred in F. macrophylla. Total CT varied from nondetected concentration in C. argentea to the highest concentration in M. caesalpiniifolia leaves that contain the greatest levels of PPP. No differences were observed for polymerization degree in stylo, F. macrophylla, and M. caesalpiniifolia. Leaves of stylo, C. cajan, and G. sepium, all containing between 20 and 50 g kg-1 total CT, should be beneficial CT sources, if offered as sole feeds in ruminant diets. The ratio of prodelphinidin:procyanidin varies from 10:80 (stylo) to 65:35 (F. machrophylla), and propelargonidin is only determined in C. argentea.

scholarly journals Facile Purification of Milligram to Gram Quantities of Condensed Tannins According to Mean Degree of Polymerization and Flavan-3-ol Subunit Composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (36) ◽  
pp. 8072-8082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron H. Brown ◽  
Irene Mueller-Harvey ◽  
Wayne E. Zeller ◽  
Laurie Reinhardt ◽  
Elisabetta Stringano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Subunit Composition

scholarly journals Polyphenolic profile and stilbene content of Albanian “Kallmet” monovarietal wine

OENO One ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisa Peçuli ◽  
Fabrice Lorenzini ◽  
Mariglen Angjellari ◽  
Sylvain Schnee ◽  
Katia Gindro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Grape Variety ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Red Grape ◽  
Polyphenolic Profile

Aim: The aim of this work was to characterize the phenolic content of wines from the most promising autochthonous red grape variety in Albania, the Kallmet.Methods and results: To make this first survey, 16 commercial monovarietal Kallmet wines were analyzed with special attention to proanthocyanidin (condensed tannins), anthocyanin and stilbene composition. The average content of total proanthocyanidins in these wines was 3877 mgL-1 and the anthocyanin content averaged 242 mgL-1. The mean degree of polymerization (mDP) varied from 8 subunits in young wine to 31 subunits in 6-year-old wine, with a mean value of 14.5 subunits. The total free anthocyanin content ranged from 85 mgL-1 in old wine to 609 mgL-1 in young wine, with a mean value of 242.5 mgL-1. Trans-piceid was the most abundant stilbene (11 mgL-1), followed by trans-resveratrol (1.8 mgL-1). It was evidenced that cis-forms of resveratrol and piceid presented a lower content than their trans-forms. The ratio between piceid (glycoside form) and resveratrol (aglycone form) was 8.2, showing a similar stilbene pattern as in Mediterranean wines.Conclusions: Kallmet wines show proanthocyanidin polymerization characteristics and stilbene profiles very similar to red wines deriving from other varieties grown under warm climates.Significance and impact of the study: In spite of the strong interest in Kallmet grape, there is still a need for detailed studies to know the range of the different components of interest found in the produced wine.

Estimation of the Mean Degree of Polymerization of Condensed Tannins from the Kernel and Shell of Carya illinoinensis by HPLC/MS and Spectrophotometric Methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3023-3031 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Lerma-Herrera ◽  
J. A. Núñez-Gastélum ◽  
J. Ascacio-Valdés ◽  
C. N. Aguilar ◽  
J. Rodrigo-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Carya Illinoinensis ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
The Mean

scholarly journals Structural features of condensed tannins affectin vitroruminal methane production and fermentation characteristics

2016 ◽  
Vol 154 (8) ◽  
pp. 1474-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. HUYEN ◽  
C. FRYGANAS ◽  
G. UITTENBOGAARD ◽  
I. MUELLER-HARVEY ◽  
M. W. A. VERSTEGEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Peg Treatment ◽  
Polymer Size

SUMMARYAnin vitrostudy was conducted to investigate the effects of condensed tannin (CT) structural properties, i.e. average polymer size (or mean degree of polymerization), percentage ofcisflavan-3-ols and percentage of prodelphinidins in CT extracts on methane (CH4) production and fermentation characteristics. Condensed tannins were extracted from eight plants in order to obtain different CT types: blackcurrant leaves, goat willow leaves, goat willow twigs, pine bark, redcurrant leaves, sainfoin plants, weeping willow catkins and white clover flowers. They were analysed for CT content and CT composition by thiolytic degradation, followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Grass silage was used as a control substrate. Condensed tannins were added to the substrate at a concentration of 40 g/kg, with or without polyethylene glycol (+ or −PEG 6000 treatment) to inactivate tannins, then incubated for 72 h in mixed buffered rumen fluid from three different lactating dairy cows per run. Total cumulative gas production (GP) was measured by an automated GP system. During the incubation, 12 gas samples (10µl) were collected from each bottle headspace at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 30, 36, 48, 56 and 72 h of incubation and analysed for CH4. A modified Michaelis-Menten model was fitted to the CH4concentration patterns and model estimates were used to calculate total cumulative CH4production (GPCH4). Total cumulative GP and GPCH4curves were fitted using biphasic and monophasic modified Michaelis-Menten models, respectively. Addition of PEG increased GP, GPCH4, and CH4concentration compared with the −PEG treatment. All CT types reduced GPCH4and CH4concentration. All CT increased the half time of GP and GPCH4. Moreover, all CT decreased the maximum rate of fermentation for GPCH4and rate of substrate degradation. The correlation between CT structure and GPCH4and fermentation characteristics showed that the proportion of prodelphinidins within CT had the largest effect on fermentation characteristics, followed by average polymer size and percentage ofcisflavan-3-ols.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document