Land Management Impacts on Evaporation from Shallow, Saline Water Tables

1997 ◽  
pp. 21-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Thorburn
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Water Tables

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK, KESESUAIAN, DAN PENGELOLAAN LAHAN TAMBAK DI KOTA PEKALONGAN PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachmansyah Rachmansyah ◽  
Akhmad Mustafa ◽  
Mudian Paena
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Land Suitability ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soil ◽  
Acid Sulfate

Kota Pekalongan memiliki lahan tambak yang produktivitas tambaknya masih tergolong relatif rendah. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui karakteristik lahan dalam upaya menentukan kesesuaian dan pengelolaan lahan untuk budidaya tambak demi peningkatan produktivitas tambak di Kota Pekalongan. Faktor yang dipertimbangkan dalam mengetahui karakteristik lahan adalah: tanah, topografi, hidrologi, vegetasi, dan iklim. Analisis spasial dalam Sistem Informasi Geografis digunakan dalam penentuan kesesuaian lahan untuk budidaya tambak. Pengelolaan lahan ditentukan berdasarkan karakteristik lahan yang disesuaikan dengan teknologi dan komoditas yang dapat diaplikasikan di tambak. Tanah tambak di Kota Pekalongan tergolong tanah aluvial non-sulfat masam yang tidak memiliki potensi kemasaman tanah yang tinggi dan sebagian kecil tanah sulfat masam. Sumber air laut untuk tambak tergolong agak keruh dan salinitas air tambak cukup bervariasi sebagai akibat adanya sumber air tawar yang berasal dari Sungai Pekalongan dan sodetan. Vegetasi bakau adalah jenis vegetasi yang dominan di kawasan tambak sebab adanya Program GERHAN (Gerakan Nasional Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan) di Kota Pekalongan. Curah hujan di Kota Pekalongan sebesar 2.300 mm/tahun di mana curah hujan yang rendah dijumpai pada bulan Juli sampai Oktober. Di kawasan pesisir Kota Pekalongan dijumpai tambak, sawah, sawah terintrusi, dan pemukiman yang luasnya masing-masing 332,29; 372,53; 183,83; dan 619,73 ha. Dari luas tambak yang ada di Kota Pekalongan, yaitu 331,292 ha ternyata tidak ada tambak yang tergolong sangat sesuai (kelas S1), 191,856 ha tergolong cukup sesuai (kelas S2) dan 140,436 ha tergolong kurang sesuai (kelas S3). Pada areal yang mengandung unsur atau senyawa penyebab kemasaman yang tinggi disarankan untuk melakukan upaya perbaikan tanah terlebih dahulu berupa remediasi, pemberian pupuk yang mengandung nitrogen pada areal yang memiliki rasio C:N tanah yang tinggi serta pemberian pupuk kandang pada tanah yang mengandung liat lebih besar 60% dan bahan organik kurang dari 8%.Pekalongan City has brackishwater ponds with low productivity. Hence, a survey was conducted to know land characteristics as an effort to determine land suitability and land management to increase the productivity of brackishwater ponds in Pekalongan City, Central Java Province. Factors considered to determine the characteristics of land were soil, topography, hydrology, vegetation, and climate. Spatial analysis in Geographical Information System was used to determine land suitability for brackishwater ponds. Land management was determined based on the characteristics of land conditioned to the types of technology and commodity applied in the brackishwater ponds. Soil of brackishwater ponds in Pekalongan City was dominated by alluvial non-acid sulfate soil in large areas and acid sulfate soil in small areas. Source of sea water for brackishwater ponds has high turbidity and high variation of salinity due to presence of freshwater supply from Pekalongan River and man made canals. Mangrove vegetation is dominant in the coastal area of Pekalongan City, because the presence of GERHAN (National Action for Forest and Land Rehabilitation) Program. The average of rainfall in Pekalongan City is 2,230 mm/year, where low of rainfall occurrs in July until October. The result revealed that the coastal area of Pekalongan City had brackishwater ponds, paddy field, paddy field intruded saline water and settlement of 332.29 ha; 372.53 ha; 183.83ha; and 619.73 ha, respectively. From the total brackishwater ponds in Pekalongan City i.e. 331.292 ha, there were no brackishwater ponds classified as highly suitable (S1 class), but it was found moderately suitable or S2 class (191.856 ha) and marginally suitable or S3 class (140,436 ha). It is suggested to conduct improving soil quality first, including remediation of the areas that contain elements or compounds causing the high acidity of soil, fertilizing with fertilizer containing nitrogen in the areas that have high C:N ratio and applying manure in the soils that contain clay more than 60% and organic matter less than 8%. 

Effect of temporary rise of saline water table on dry matter yield of oats (Avena byzantina)

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (71) ◽  
pp. 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
FG Abd-El-Kaddous
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Temporary Rise ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Water Table Rise ◽  
Yield Of Oats

In 1968 and 1969, at Kerang, Victoria, the dry matter yield of oats (Avena byzantina) grown on a sodic soil were measured under conditions of fluctuating saline (31 mmhos cm-1) water tables. In each year, a water table was established for 14 days at one of three growth stages and at depths varying from 7.5 to 90 cm. Relative to the yield obtained when the water table remained at 90 cm depth, dry matter yields were reduced by 70 per cent (1968) and 79 per cent (1969) by one temporary water table rise to a depth of 7.5 cm for 14 days. Intermediate reductions in yields occurred when the water tables rose temporarily to intermediate depths from 82.5 cm to 15 cm (7.5 cm intervals). The growth stage at which the water table rise occurred had no significant effect on yield, except in the second period in 1969 when yield was reduced during conditions of high temperature and low evaporation.

Seasonal changes in soil salinity at Tintinara, South Australia

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
EA Jackson ◽  
G Blackburn ◽  
ARP Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Salinity Changes ◽  
Water Suspensions ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Composite Samples

Measurements have been made of seasonal changes in soil salinity and soil water at Tintinara in the Coonalpyn Downs of South Australia. Five separate sites representing different soil profiles were selected for study. All soils contained saline water-tables and four of the five had varying depths of sand over finer-textured subsoils; the fifth soil was fine-textured throughout. The investigations were conducted over a 12-month period, salinity and water determinations being made every 8 weeks. Data on soil salinity are presented as: (1) Conductance of soil pastes, determined on replicates and statistically analysed. (2) Percentage of total soluble salts, derived from conductivities of 1:5 soil-water suspensions determined on composite sample. (3) Percentage of chlorides expressed as NaCl, determined on composite samples. All sets of data show that soluble salts moved upwards through the soil profile during spring and summer and down during the rainy season. Where the summer water-table was within 4 ft of the surface large amounts of saline material accumulated in the top inch of soil; in one case there was an increase of from 0.019 per cent. NaCl in winter to 3.2 per cent. in summer. Data are also presented showing that the salinity of the ground-waters increased to a maximum of 2-3.5 per cent. total salts in spring or summer. Seasonal soil water changes are recorded and discussed in relation to salinity changes. The climatic, soil, and ground-water factors influencing salt movements are discussed and the agronomic implications of seasonal salinity changes are stressed. Suggestions on the basis of the results obtained are made respecting the sampling of saline soils.

scholarly journals Optimal management of saline water tables in irrigated regions

1987 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-21
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Gates ◽  
Mark Grismer
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Water Tables

Crop Water Use from Shallow, Saline Water Tables

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Kruse ◽  
D. F. Champion ◽  
D. L. Cuevas ◽  
R. E. Yoder ◽  
D. Young
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Crop Water Use ◽  
Water Tables

scholarly journals Prototype and model of solar driven desalination plant in arid environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2 Part A) ◽  
pp. 903-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Unami ◽  
Osama Mohawesh ◽  
Masayuki Fujihara
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Capillary Rise ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Thermal Dynamics ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Desalination Plant ◽  
Water Tables

Water shortage and salinity are crucial factors affecting plant growth in arid and semi-arid regions, where irrigation water shortage and capillary rise from shallow saline water tables are often encountered. The objectives of this study are to construct a prototype of solar driven desalination plant in an arid area of Jordan Rift Valley, to develop a mathematical model predicting thermal dynamics in the prototype, to calibrate model parameters with measured physical parameters, and to discuss the performance of the prototype as well as its applicability to other areas under different environment. Results of measurement and numerical simulation show that the model is capable to reproduce the thermal dynamics of the desalination plant and to predict dew yield. Overall, the developed model provides a sound basis for describing and explaining the mass and energy balance mechanisms in the developed desalination plant. This study offers also a useful tool for analysis and assessment of the dew yield and thermal dynamics of such a desalination plant in general. Using the constructed prototype, performance analysis based on crop cultivation is ongoing.

What happens if we cannot fix it? Triage, palliative care and setting priorities in salinising landscapes

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Hobbs ◽  
Viki A. Cramer ◽  
Linda J. Kristjanson
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Management Intervention ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Agricultural Areas

It is increasingly recognised that rising saline water tables present an unprecedented threat to both agricultural production and biodiversity conservation in the agricultural areas of Australia. In Western Australia, hydrological analysis is increasingly indicating that treatment of the problem will be difficult and costly, perhaps even impossible in some cases. Given the limited resources available for conservation management, there is a need to prioritise efforts and ensure that the level and type of management applied is both appropriate and likely to be effective. We discuss options for this in terms of ideas borrowed from healthcare provision, including triage and palliative care. We examine the range of management responses available in salinising landscapes in relation to the degree of threat, the relative value of the remnant or landscape and the likelihood of successful management intervention. While we certainly need to make a concerted effort to limit damage and loss as far as is possible, we also have to face the possibility that we cannot do this effectively everywhere, and that some areas will not be treated or treatable.

The effect of a saline and non-saline water table on peach tree water use, growth, productivity and ion uptake

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Boland ◽  
PH Jerie ◽  
PD Mitchell ◽  
JL Irvine ◽  
N Nardella
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Shallow Water Table ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Peach Trees

The effect of salinity and shallow water tables (1.4 m depth) used in combination with Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) on peach trees (Prunus persica, L. Batsch) was studied over 2 years. Under RDI management a non-saline water table contributed up to 30% of water use. A lack of control of vegetative growth in the first season indicated that a shallow water table may interfere with RDI management. A decline in tree health and growth under RDI and a non-saline water table in the following season may have resulted from salinity and/or waterlogging effects. Saline irrigation under RDI management caused an additional decline in tree growth compared with RDI under non-saline conditions, and resulted in a reduction in productivity (yield and fruit size) and increased uptake of sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) ions in various plant tissues. Similarly, a saline water table caused a decline in tree growth and fruit size in the first season and increased uptake of Na and C1 ions. For all treatments, accumulation of C1 in the leaves, Na and C1 in the fruit, Na in the bark and storage of Na in the butt wood and structural roots was demonstrated. Differences in mechanisms of transport of Na and C1 and the importance of older wood as a storage organ for ions are proposed. The potential for butt wood as a precise indicator of past salinity treatment is suggested. A combination of a shallow water table and moderate salinity environment was shown to present a potential health hazard for peach trees. The need for refinement of RDI management to incorporate leaching in the presence of saline irrigation and/or water tables is proposed. The management of drainage is also essential.

Application of a Simple Cold Stub to the Direct Observation of Frozen Hydrated Sand

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 212-213
Author(s):  
John M. Wehrung ◽  
Richard J. Harniman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Permeable Rock ◽  
Natural Means

Water tables in aquifer regions of the southwest United States are dropping off at a rate which is greater than can be replaced by natural means. It is estimated that by 1985 wells will run dry in this region unless adequate artificial recharging can be accomplished. Recharging with surface water is limited by the plugging of permeable rock formations underground by clay particles and organic debris.A controlled study was initiated in which sand grains were used as the rock formation and water with known clay concentrations as the recharge media. The plugging mechanism was investigated by direct observation in the SEM of frozen hydrated sand samples from selected depths.

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