Basic Pathologic Processes of the Heart

1984 ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
L. Maximilian Buja
Keyword(s):  
Pathologic Processes

The Role of Uric Acid in the Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Narrative Review

Angiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 000331972110125
Author(s):  
Atalay Demiray ◽  
Baris Afsar ◽  
Adrian Covic ◽  
Masanari Kuwabara ◽  
Charles J. Ferro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Pathophysiological Role ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Pathologic Processes

Increased serum uric acid (SUA) levels have been associated with various pathologic processes such as increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Thus, it is not surprising that increased SUA is associated with various adverse outcomes including cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Recent epidemiological evidence suggests that increased SUA may be related to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Accumulating data also showed that elevated UA has pathophysiological role in the development of AMI. However, there are also studies showing that SUA is not related to the risk of AMI. In this narrative review, we summarized the recent literature data regarding SUA and AMI after providing some background information for the association between UA and coronary artery disease. Future studies will show whether decreasing SUA levels is beneficial for outcomes related to AMI and the optimum SUA levels for best outcomes in CV diseases.

Current Concepts in Diabetic Microvascular Dysfunction

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier La Fontaine ◽  
Lawrence B. Harkless ◽  
Christian E. Davis ◽  
Marque A. Allen ◽  
Paula K. Shireman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Diabetic Macroangiopathy ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Foot Problems ◽  
Control Of Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Foot Disease ◽  
Foot Disease ◽  
Pathologic Processes

Microvascular dysfunction is an important component of the pathologic processes that occur in diabetic foot disease. The endothelial abnormalities observed in patients with diabetes mellitus are poorly understood, and evidence suggests that endothelial dysfunction could be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic macroangiopathy and microangiopathy. With the advent of insulin replacement in the early 1900s and increased efforts toward metabolic control of diabetes, long-term complications of this disease have become apparent. These late-term complications are primarily disorders of the vascular system. This article reviews the process of microvascular dysfunction and how it may relate to the pathogenesis of diabetic foot problems. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 96(3): 245–252, 2006)

scholarly journals Disturbance mechanisms of eosinophils’ and immunocytes’ cooperation in the forming large blood eosinophilias

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
V. V. Novitsky ◽  
N. V. Ryazantseva ◽  
L. S. Litvinova ◽  
Yu. V. Kolobovnikova ◽  
Ye. S. Grigoryeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Modern Literature ◽  
Pathologic Processes

Data of modern literature and results of own investigations concerning the role of imbalance of immune-regulatory cytokines’ system in the mechanisms of forming severe eosinophilias of blood in pathologic processes of different genesisare analyzed in the article

scholarly journals Cytogenetic and syntenic assignment of the bovine <i>platelet-activating factor receptor (PTAFR)</i> to cattle chromosome 2 (Brief report)

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-450
Author(s):  
T. Goldammer ◽  
P. Schmidt ◽  
R. Weikard
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Hybrid Cell ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Cattle Chromosome ◽  
Reproduction Process ◽  
Somatic Hybrid Cell ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor Receptor ◽  
Pathologic Processes

Abstract. The platelet-activating factor receptor (PTAFR) encoding gene, also known as PAFR or PAFr, belongs to the rhodopsin gene family. The receptor binds the platelet-activating factor (PAF) that has been implicated as a mediator in diverse pathologic processes. In cattle, PTAFR is associated to the reproduction process and is described as a receptor that is involved in inflammatory-like processes of the uterus associated with increased vascular permeability (TIEMANN et al. 2005). The gene sequence was recently annotated on Bos taurus (BTA) chromosome 2 at 129.4 megabases in NCBI Bos taurus build Btau_4.0. The presented data confirm this annotation by independent physical mapping methods and anchor the corresponding DNA segment to the chromosome. PTAFR was assigned by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and somatic hybrid cell (SHC) mapping.

scholarly journals Differential binding of hyaluronan on the surface of tissue-specific endothelial cell lines.

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Szczepanek ◽  
Claudine Kieda ◽  
Joanna Cichy
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Independent Mechanism ◽  
Differential Binding ◽  
And Function ◽  
Pathologic Processes ◽  
Tissue Origin

Tissue-specific heterogeneity of endothelial cells, both structural and functional, plays a crucial role in physiologic as well as pathologic processes, including inflammation, autoimmune diseases and tumor metastasis. This heterogeneity primarily results from the differential expression of adhesion molecules that are involved in the interactions between endothelium and circulating immune cells or disseminating tumor cells. Among these molecules present on endothelial cells is hyaluronan (HA), a glycosaminoglycan that contributes to primary (rolling) interactions through binding to its main receptor CD44 expressed on leukocytes and tumor cells. While the regulation of CD44 expression and function on either leukocytes or tumor cells has been well characterized, much less is known about the ability of endothelial cells to express HA on their surface. Therefore, in these studies we analyzed HA levels on tissue-specific endothelium. We used endothelial cell lines of different origin, including lung, skin, gut and lymph nodes that had been established previously as model lines to study interactions between the endothelium and leukocytes/tumor cells. Our results indicate that HA is accumulated on the surface of all endothelial cells examined. Moreover, retention of endogenous HA differs between the lines and may depend on their tissue origin. Analysis of binding of exogenous HA reveals the presence of specific HA binding sites on all endothelial cell lines tested. However, the retention of endogenous HA and the binding of exogenous HA is mediated through a CD44-independent mechanism.

Glomus Coccygeum in Surgical Pathology Specimens

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (10) ◽  
pp. 905-908
Author(s):  
Zoran Gatalica ◽  
Liqiang Wang ◽  
Emmanuel T. Lucio ◽  
Markku Miettinen
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Surrounding Soft Tissue ◽  
Glomus Cells ◽  
Pathologic Processes ◽  
Glomus Coccygeum

Abstract Background.—Rarely encountered nonpathologic structures may pose diagnostic problems and cause unnecessary special investigations. More importantly, however, they may be falsely accused as culprits in unrelated pathologic processes. Glomus coccygeum is one such structure. Glomus bodies (including coccygeal glomus) consist of modified smooth muscle cells arranged in layers around small vascular channels. When found in distal extremities, they generally do not represent a diagnostic problem; however, large glomus bodies present in a pericoccygeal location (glomus coccygeum) may cause significant problems for a surgical pathologist unfamiliar with this structure. Design.—We reviewed 37 coccygeal bones removed during rectal resection for carcinoma (rectal and uterine) and for various other reasons, among which was a single case of coccygodynia. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examinations were performed in selected cases. Results.—Sharply circumscribed glomus bodies composed of various proportions of glomus cells without atypia or pleomorphism and without expansile growth or infiltration of surrounding soft tissue or bone were identified in 50% of cases. Size varied significantly (maximum 4 mm), but paradoxically the smallest glomus body (less than 1 mm) was found in the case of coccygodynia. Glomus coccygeum posed a significant diagnostic challenge to the pathologists involved in these cases, as the retrospective review found that it was diagnosed correctly in only 3 cases. Conclusions.—Glomus coccygeum is a nonpathologic structure that exhibits significant variation in size and proportion of the constitutive elements. Immunohistochemical demonstration of smooth muscle actin and neuron-specific enolase in glomus cells may be beneficial for accurate identification of this organelle.

Optical Coherence Tomography in Vitreoretinal Interface Disorders

2018 ◽  
pp. 236-243
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Vitreoretinal Interface ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Appearance Time ◽  
Swept Source Oct ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Pathologic Processes

Optical coherence tomography (OCT), which is in use for about 20 years, facilitated the evaluation of the vitreoretinal interface, improved our understanding of its pathologic processes, and paved the way to new treatment approaches. By order of appearance, time-domain, spectral-domain, and swept-source OCT technologies redefined vitreoretinal interface disorders and their treatment modalities.

Morphogenesis of the bone marrow: fractal structures and diffusion- limited growth

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 5027-5031 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Naeim ◽  
F Moatamed ◽  
M Sahimi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Fractal Structures ◽  
Diffusion Limited Aggregation ◽  
Diffusion Limited ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Cellular Area ◽  
Pathologic Processes

Bone marrow (BM) provides a particular spatial organization that allows interaction between its various components. Characterization of the spatial patterns in the BM and understanding the mechanisms that give rise to them may play a role in better understanding of the BM pathologic processes. Morphometric analyses were performed in BM biopsy samples from 30 patients (16 men and 14 women) with an average age of 46 years, ranging from 17 to 77 years. The biopsies were obtained during the course of patient care to rule out BM involvement in a variety of hematologic disorders before or after therapy. Three different, but structurally interrelated, parameters were measured: (A) cellular area, (B) nuclear area, and (C) cell numbers. All three methods, in all cases, showed that the spatial structure of the BM is fractal. The average values of the fractal dimensions (Df) were 1.7 +/- 0.08, 1.64 +/- 0.1, and 1.69 +/- 0.04 for categories A, B, and C, respectively. The overall value of Df for the cellularity in the range of 40% to 60% was about 1.67 +/- 0.09. Fractal dimensions of 1.6 to 1.7 represent configurations that correspond to two-dimensional diffusion limited aggregation structures, suggesting that the structural configuration of hematopoietic cells is dependent on the diffusion of regulatory cytokines in the BM.

scholarly journals Tyrosine phosphorylation of P160 BCR by P210 BCR-ABL

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 1257-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Lu ◽  
J Liu ◽  
M Campbell ◽  
JQ Guo ◽  
N Heisterkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphorylation ◽  
Deletion Mutant ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Tyrosine Residues ◽  
Ph Chromosome ◽  
Pathologic Processes ◽  
Simultaneous Expression

Abstract It is well established that the chimeric BCR-ABL gene formed by joining parts of the BCR and ABL genes plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome-positive leukemias. We report that simultaneous expression of P210 BCR-ABL and P160 BCR in simian COS-1 cells yielded stable complexes of these two proteins, and induced phosphorylation of P160 BCR on tyrosine residues in vivo. Tyrosine phosphorylation of a deletion mutant encoding 553 amino acids of BCR N- terminal sequences was also detected when it was coexpressed with P210 BCR-ABL. We propose that tyrosine phosphorylation of P160 BCR by P210 BCR-ABL and their stable physical interaction may perturb normal BCR functions and that these alterations are directly involved in the pathologic processes found in Ph chromosome-associated leukemias.

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