Toward a Developmentally Informed Theory of Mental Disorder in Older Adults

1998 ◽  
pp. 101-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Gatz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mental Disorder

scholarly journals Rational Suicide in Late Life: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 656
Author(s):  
Carla Gramaglia ◽  
Raffaella Calati ◽  
Patrizia Zeppegno
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Slippery Slope ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Literature Searching ◽  
Rational Suicide ◽  
Complex Concept ◽  
Mental Competence

Background and Objectives: The complex concept of rational suicide, defined as a well-thought-out decision to die by an individual who is mentally competent, is even more controversial in the case of older adults. Materials and Methods: With the aim of better understanding the concept of rational suicide in older adults, we performed a systematic review of the literature, searching PubMed and Scopus databases and eventually including 23 published studies. Results: The main related topics emerging from the papers were: depression, self-determination, mental competence; physicians’ and population’s perspectives; approach to rational suicide; ageism; slippery slope. Conclusions: Despite contrasting positions and inconsistencies of the studies, the need to carefully investigate and address the expression of suicidal thoughts in older adults, as well as behaviours suggesting “silent” suicidal attitudes, clearly emerges, even in those situations where there is no diagnosable mental disorder. While premature conclusions about the “rationality” of patients’ decision to die should be avoided, the possibility of rational suicide cannot be precluded.

Anxiety symptom levels are persistent in older adults with a mental disorder: A 33‐month follow‐up study

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anette Bakkane Bendixen ◽  
Knut Engedal ◽  
Geir Selbæk ◽  
Jūratė Šaltytė Benth ◽  
Cecilie Bhandari Hartberg
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Symptom ◽  
Follow Up Study

scholarly journals Association between common mental disorders and quality of life in older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edison Vitório de Souza Júnior ◽  
Diego Pires Cruz ◽  
Lais Reis Siqueira ◽  
Randson Souza Rosa ◽  
Cristiane dos Santos Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the association between common mental disorder and quality of life in older adults. Method: cross-sectional study developed with a total of 721 Brazilian older adults between July and October 2020. Participants completed three instruments to assess bio sociodemographic, mental health and quality of life data. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H, Chi-square, Pearson correlation and multivariate linear regression tests, considering a 95% confidence interval (p < 0.05) for all analyses. Results: among the four components that assess common mental disorder, only three remained associated with negative coefficients with the participants’ general quality of life: depressive-anxious mood (β = −2.050; [CI95% = −2.962 – −1.137]; p < 0.001); decrease in vital energy (β = −1.460; [CI95% = −2.197 – −0.723]; p < 0.001) and depressive thoughts (β = −4.124; [CI95% = −5.211– −3.038]; p < 0.001). Conclusion: most components that assess common mental disorders are negatively associated with quality of life, that is, the increase in these disorders resulted in a reduction in the quality of life of older adults.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Mental Illness and its Impact on the Use of Home Care and Nursing Homes: A Population-Based Study of Older Adults in Manitoba

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 581-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia J Martens ◽  
Randall Fransoo ◽  
Elaine Burland ◽  
Charles Burchill ◽  
Heather J Prior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Nous Avons ◽  
Soins À Domicile ◽  
Troubles Mentaux ◽  
Age Adjusted Rates

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of mental illness in older adults and its effect on home care and personal care home (PCH) use. Methods: Using nonidentifying administrative records (fiscal years 1997–1998 to 2001–2002) from the Population Health Research Data Repository housed at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, we determined the 5-year period prevalence for individuals aged 55 years and over (119 539 men and 145 752 women) for 3 mental illness categories: cumulative mental disorders (those having a diagnosis of depression, anxiety disorder, personality disorder, schizophrenia, and [or] substance abuse), any mental illness, and dementia. We calculated age-specific and age-adjusted rates of home care and PCH use and the prevalence of mental illness in PCH residents. Results: From the group aged 55 to 59 years to the group aged 90 years or older, the prevalence of mental illness increased with the population's age. The prevalence of any mental illness rose from 32.4% to 45.0% in men and from 42.6% to 51.9% in women, and dementia prevalence rose from 2.0% to 33.6% in men and from 1.3% to 40.3% in women. The age-adjusted annual rates of open home care cases per 1000 population aged 55 and older varied by mental illness grouping (no mental disorder, 57 for men and 91 for women; cumulative mental disorders, 162 for men and 191 for women; dementia, 300 for men and 338 for women). The age-adjusted rates of PCH use per 1000 population aged 75 years and older also varied by mental illness grouping (no mental disorder, 53 for men and 78 for women; cumulative mental disorders, 305 for men and 373 for women; dementia, 542 for men and 669 for women). Among patients admitted to (or resident in) a PCH in 2002–2003, 74.6% (87.1%) had a mental illness, and 46.0% (69.0%) had dementia. Conclusions: Mental illness affects the use of home care and nursing homes profoundly. Individuals with dementia used home care at 3 times the rate of those having no mental illness diagnosis, and they used PCHs at 8 times the rate. Objectifs: Déterminer la prévalence de la maladie mentale chez les personnes âgées et son effet sur l'utilisation des soins à domicile et des foyers de soins personnels (FSP). Méthodes: À l'aide des dossiers administratifs anonymes (exercices financiers 1997–1998 à 2001–2002) du dépôt de données de recherche sur la santé de la population du centre de politiques en santé du Manitoba, nous avons déterminé la prévalence sur 5 ans, pour les personnes de 55 ans et plus (119 539 hommes, 145 752 femmes), de 3 catégories de maladie mentale: les troubles mentaux cumulatifs (ceux qui ont un diagnostic de dépression, de trouble anxieux, de trouble de la personnalité, de schizophrénie, et [ou] d'abus de substance), toute maladie mentale, et la démence. Nous avons calculé les taux par âge et les taux rectifiés selon l'âge d'utilisation des soins à domicile et des FSP ainsi que la prévalence de la maladie mentale chez les résidents des FSP. Résultats: La prévalence de la maladie mentale augmentait avec l'âge de la population, depuis le groupe des 55 à 59 ans jusqu'au groupe des 90 ans et plus. La prévalence de toute maladie mentale passait de 32,4 % à 45,0 % chez les hommes et de 42,6 % à 51,9 % chez les femmes, et la prévalence de la démence passait de 2,0 % à 33,6 % chez les hommes, et de 1,3 % à 40,3 % chez les femmes. Les taux annuels rectifiées selon l'âge des cas ouverts de soins à domicile par tranche de 1 000 de population de 55 ans et plus variaient selon le regroupement de maladies mentales (aucun trouble mental, 57 pour les hommes et 91 pour les femmes; troubles mentaux cumulatifs, 162 pour les hommes et 191 pour les femmes; démence, 300 pour les hommes et 338 pour les femmes). Les taux rectifiées selon l'âge d'utilisation des FSP par tranche de 1 000 de population de 75 ans et plus variaient aussi selon le regroupement de maladies mentales (aucun trouble mental, 53 pour les hommes et 78 pour les femmes; troubles mentaux cumulatifs, 305 pour les hommes et 373 pour les femmes; démence, 542 pour les hommes et 699 pour les femmes). Parmi les patients hospitalisés (ou résidents) des FSP en 2002–2003, 74,6 % (87,1 %) avaient une maladie mentale, et 46,0 % (69,0 %) souffraient de démence. Conclusions: La maladie mentale affecte profondément l'utilisation des soins à domicile et des établissements de soins prolongés. Les sujets souffrant de démence utilisaient les soins à domicile à 3 fois le taux de ceux qui n'avaient pas de diagnostic de maladie mentale, et les FPS, à 8 fois le taux des personnes sans diagnostic.

General practitioners’ assessment of, and treatment decisions regarding, common mental disorder in older adults: thematic analysis of interview data

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNIFER STRACHAN ◽  
GILL YELLOWLEES ◽  
APRIL QUIGLEY
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Service Development

ABSTRACTPrimary and secondary care services are charged with failing to adequately detect and treat mental disorder in older adults due to the ‘understandability phenomenon’; the belief that mental disorder in old age is inevitable and therefore not worthy of intervention. Quantitative data appear to support this hypothesis but lack the explanatory power of detailed accounts. Nine general practitioners (GPs) participated in group interviews about their assessment and treatment of older patients, and their expectations and experience of referral to secondary care. Resulting transcripts were subject to Thematic Analysis. Respondents recognised the unique features of these clients, and their impact on the detailed, recursive processes of assessment, clinical decision-making and intervention. GPs described confidence in managing most cases of mental disorder, describing the role of secondary care as one of consultancy in extreme or unusual cases. GPs did view mental disorder as commonly originating in adverse circumstances, and queried the validity of pharmacological or psychological interventions in these cases. They did not, however, equate understandability with acceptability, and called for social interventions to be integrated with health-care interventions to tackle the cause of mental disorder in older adults. At a wider level, findings highlight the discrepancy between assumptions about GP attitudes and actions, and their own accounts. At a local level, findings will assist in focusing secondary care service development where need is perceived, into consultancy and training.

Special, radical, failure of reduction in psychiatry

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Ross
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Causal Structure ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Gambling Addiction ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Special Radical ◽  
Intentional Relationships

AbstractUse of network models to identify causal structure typically blocks reduction across the sciences. Entanglement of mental processes with environmental and intentional relationships, as Borsboom et al. argue, makes reduction of psychology to neuroscience particularly implausible. However, in psychiatry, a mental disorder can involve no brain disorder at all, even when the former crucially depends on aspects of brain structure. Gambling addiction constitutes an example.

Cognitive control constrains memory attributions

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Kelley ◽  
Larry L. Jacoby
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Control

Abstract Cognitive control constrains retrieval processing and so restricts what comes to mind as input to the attribution system. We review evidence that older adults, patients with Alzheimer's disease, and people with traumatic brain injury exert less cognitive control during retrieval, and so are susceptible to memory misattributions in the form of dramatic levels of false remembering.

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