The Relationship Between Femur Shape and Terrestrial Mobility Patterns

2014 ◽  
pp. 111-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Wescott
Keyword(s):  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals A Time-Based Objective Measure of Exposure to the Food Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Scully ◽  
Anne Moudon ◽  
Philip Hurvitz ◽  
Anju Aggarwal ◽  
Adam Drewnowski
Keyword(s):  
Food Environment ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
The Relationship

Exposure to food environments has mainly been limited to counting food outlets near participants’ homes. This study considers food environment exposures in time and space using global positioning systems (GPS) records and fast food restaurants (FFRs) as the environment of interest. Data came from 412 participants (median participant age of 45) in the Seattle Obesity Study II who completed a survey, wore GPS receivers, and filled out travel logs for seven days. FFR locations were obtained from Public Health Seattle King County and geocoded. Exposure was conceptualized as contact between stressors (FFRs) and receptors (participants’ mobility records from GPS data) using four proximities: 21 m, 100 m, 500 m, and ½ mile. Measures included count of proximal FFRs, time duration in proximity to ≥1 FFR, and time duration in proximity to FFRs weighted by FFR counts. Self-reported exposures (FFR visits) were excluded from these measures. Logistic regressions tested associations between one or more reported FFR visits and the three exposure measures at the four proximities. Time spent in proximity to an FFR was associated with significantly higher odds of FFR visits at all proximities. Weighted duration also showed positive associations with FFR visits at 21-m and 100-m proximities. FFR counts were not associated with FFR visits. Duration of exposure helps measure the relationship between the food environment, mobility patterns, and health behaviors. The stronger associations between exposure and outcome found at closer proximities (<100 m) need further research.

Tram, mobilitŕ e crescita urbana in Spagna, 1900-1936

STORIA URBANA ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 21-48
Author(s):  
Banales José Luis Onyňn
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
World War ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Urban Pattern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

- The article focuses on the relationship between tramway networks and urban structure in Spain during the period 1900-1936. It states that this relationship should be studied after considering the use of transport and the mobility patterns of different classes, specially the working class. Once these factors have been studied it is possible to assert the impact of the tramway netmark on urban growth. The impact of the tramways on major Spanish cities did not take the form of a transport revolution that would radically changed the urban pattern. Tramways did not direct urban growth until use of tramway lines by the working class became general. This did not happen until World War I. Since then, skilled and some unskilled workers did change their mobility patterns and tramway use experienced a cycle of growth that continued until the late 1950s.

scholarly journals Migration and Social Mobility Between Argentina and Spain: Climbing the Social Hierarchy in the Transnational Space

2020 ◽  
pp. 235-264
Author(s):  
Laura Oso ◽  
Pablo Dalle
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Mobility Strategies ◽  
Migrant Families ◽  
The Social ◽  
Transnational Space ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis chapter analyses the relationship between migration and social mobility in Argentina and Spain from a transnational perspective focusing on two dimensions: the patterns of intergenerational social mobility of immigrants and natives in both countries; the social mobility strategies and trajectories of Galicians families in Buenos Aires and Argentinians, of Galician origin, who migrated to Galicia after the 2001 crisis. The chapter begins by contextualizing the migratory trends in Europe and Latin America. This is followed by a comparative study of how immigration impacts on the class structure and social mobility patterns in Argentina and Spain. Quantitative analysis techniques are used to study the intergenerational social mobility rates. The statistical analysis of stratification and social mobility surveys have been benchmarked against previous studies conducted in Argentina (Germani, G., Movilidad social en la sociedad industrial. EUDEBA, Buenos Aires, 1963; Dalle, P., Movilidad social desde las clases populares. Un estudio sociológico en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (1960–2013). CLACSO/Instituto de Investigaciones Gino Germani-UBA/CICCUS, Buenos Aires, 2016) and Spain (Fachelli, S., & López-Roldán, P., Revista Española de Sociología 26:1–20, 2017). Secondly, qualitative research methods are used to consider the social mobility strategies and class trajectories of migrant families. We analyse two fieldworks, developed in the framework of other research projects (based on 44 biographical and semi-structured interviews). These case studies were carried out with Galicians that migrated to Argentina between 1940 and 1960 and Argentinians, of Galician origin, who migrated to Galicia after the 2001 crisis.

scholarly journals On the importance of trip destination for modelling individual human mobility patterns

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (171) ◽  
pp. 20200673
Author(s):  
Maxime Lenormand ◽  
Juan Murillo Arias ◽  
Maxi San Miguel ◽  
José J. Ramasco
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Individual Mobility ◽  
Scaling Relationship ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Shopping Trips ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Travel Distances ◽  
Individual Human

Obtaining insights into human mobility patterns and being able to reproduce them accurately is of the utmost importance in a wide range of applications from public health, to transport and urban planning. Still the relationship between the effort individuals will invest in a trip and the importance of its purpose is not taken into account in individual mobility models that can be found in the recent literature. Here, we address this issue by introducing a model hypothesizing a relation between the importance of a trip and the distance travelled. In most practical cases, quantifying such importance is undoable. We overcome this difficulty by focusing on shopping trips (for which we have empirical data) and by taking the price of items as a proxy. Our model is able to reproduce the long-tailed distribution in travel distances empirically observed and to explain the scaling relationship between distance travelled and item value found in the data.

Inter-firm job mobility and occupational transitions in Spain: are they related?

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 674-692
Author(s):  
Antonio Caparrós Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Job Mobility ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Occupational Transitions ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to shed knowledge about the relationship between the inter-firm job mobility and the occupational transitions in Spain during the last years. In particular, it is tested whether if the type of job-to-job mobility (voluntary or involuntary) has some influence on the workers careers. The empirical analysis is based on panel data provided by the Living Condition Survey, which is conducted by the Spanish Statistics Institute (INE). The period analysed covers the years between 2005 and 2010 (both inclusive), what allows observing the labour mobility patterns in the recent Spanish economic crisis. Design/methodology/approach – The econometric specification used to analyse occupational mobility corresponds to a random effect panel multinomial logit model. The econometric model is estimated separately for workers that have remained at the same firm and for workers who have changed firms; for the latter group, a dummy variable indicating whether the individual quit or was laid off is included as a regressor. Findings – The results derived from the estimates of the econometric specifications show that individuals who voluntarily leave a firm find the decision has a positive effect on their careers, as their probability of upward occupational mobility is more than 90 per cent higher than for individuals who leave their previous position as a result of having been laid off. Social implications – This result is an argument in favour of adopting active labour market policies that help improve information flows in the labour market and allow workers a better understanding of potential job offers from outside firms. Originality/value – This paper analyses the relationship between inter-firm mobility and occupational transitions that has not yet addressed in the economic literature for Spain.

scholarly journals Visitor Mobility and Spatial Structure in a Local Urban Tourism Destination: GPS Tracking and Network analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koun Sugimoto ◽  
Kei Ota ◽  
Shohei Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Urban Tourism ◽  
Gps Tracking ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
Visitor Behavior ◽  
Positional System ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
The Relationship

Visitor mobility is an important element for facilitating sustainable local economics and management in urban tourism destinations. Research on visitor mobility often focuses on the patterns and structures of spatial visitor behavior and the factors that influence them. This study examines the relationship between visitor mobility and urban spatial structures through an exploratory analysis of visitors’ movements and characteristics, which were collected from surveys with global positional system (GPS) tracking technologies and questionnaires. The Ueno district, one of the most popular tourism destinations in Tokyo, Japan, was selected as the study area. For local stakeholders, the low accessibility levels between this district’s park zone and downtown zone have become a major destination management issue. We compared visitor movements and flow networks in various places from different major trip origins (railway stations) by using several analysis techniques (GPS log distribution, spatial movement sequences, and network analysis), and examined physical and human factors that caused the different mobility patterns. The results demonstrated that physical factors, including major transport hubs (railway stations), topography, commercial accumulation, and POI distribution, affected intra-destination visitor behavior, and segmented visitor markets into different main zones. Such findings could inform future destination management policies and planning in local urban tourism destinations.

scholarly journals Mobility Patterns of the Portuguese Population During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Tamagusko ◽  
Adelino Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Lower Risk ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
First Year ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Portuguese Population ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Community Mobility ◽  
The Relationship

This study analyzes the relationship between the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) and the mobility patterns of the Portuguese population. By reducing mobility, the idea is that contacts are reduced, countering the spread of the virus in the community. As an indicator of the spread of the virus, the reproduction number (Rt) was used. Data from Google's Community Mobility Reports was used to evaluate changes in mobility patterns. This report uses location data from Android mobile phone users. The locations are divided into retail and recreation, grocery and pharmacy, parks, transit stations, workplaces and residential. In this year of the COVID-19 crisis in Portugal, population mobility patterns have changed over the various phases of the pandemic. At first, all mobility was affected uniformly, with the population avoiding much of the activity outside the home. In a second phase, there was some adaptation, and the areas considered to be of lower risk had less impact, emphasizing the changes in the relationship between daily life and the workplace.

The Relationship Between Wheelchair Mobility Patterns and Community Participation Among Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory A. Cooper ◽  
Eliana Ferretti ◽  
Michelle Oyster ◽  
Annmarie Kelleher ◽  
Rosemarie Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Is Social Mobility an Echo of Educational Mobility? Parents’ Educations and Occupations and Their Children's Occupational Attainment

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 44-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Lampard
Keyword(s):  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Occupational Attainment ◽  
Educational Mobility ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Mother’S Education ◽  
Class Reproduction ◽  
The Relationship

Quantitative studies of occupational attainment and intergenerational social mobility have often devoted little attention to the roles of parental education and educational inheritance. Informed by the ideas of authors who see class reproduction as reflecting more than occupations and economic resources (including Devine, Savage and Crompton), this paper assesses the importance of parents’ educations, and considers the relevance of education to class analysis and class reproduction processes. Logistic regressions using British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) data establish the relative importance of parents’ educations and parents’ occupational classes as determinants of children's attainment of service class occupations. These multivariate analyses reiterate the salience of mother's class, but also show that mother's education has an independent impact. However, this is more limited if both parents can be assigned to classes. The only difference between daughters and sons that is found in the impact of parental characteristics is a weaker impact of father's class on daughter's occupational attainment than on son's occupational attainment. For both daughters and sons, mother's education and mother's class have an impact. The relationship between parents’ and children's educations accounts for relatively little of the relationship between parents’ and children's occupational classes. Hence intergenerational class mobility patterns do not simply echo intergenerational educational mobility patterns. However, an examination of the direct and indirect effects of parents’ educations and classes on children's occupational attainment shows parental education to play a substantial role in the intergenerational transmission of advantage, and indicates that part (but not all) of the relationship between class origin and occupational attainment can be explained in terms of the intergenerational transmission of cultural capital. In contrast, a substantial part of the indirect effect of parental class via children's qualifications does not reflect parental education. Hence the conversion of parental economic resources into children's educational credentials also appears important.

scholarly journals Hunter-gatherer mobility and territories in the dunefields of center Argentina

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo G. Messineo ◽  
María P. Barros
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Technological Knowledge ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
The Relationship

The distribution of certain rocks in the landscape allows us to reconstruct diverse aspects of past hunter-gatherer behavior. In this work, we evaluate the mobility patterns employed by these groups and the presence or absence of boundaries in the Aeolian system of the center of Argentina. To accomplish this objective, we consider two types of evidence: 1) raw material frequencies and distributions in three areas of this Aeolian System and 2) presence and frequency of knapping stones from Tandilia sources. We construct a fall-off curve that is based on the relationship between the frequency of an item and the distance to the source of supply. The characteristics of each area yielded the human groups that inhabited delineate different modes of exploitation of the rocks. The fall-off curve documents a steep drop-off between 300 and 350 km from the Tandilia source and the spatial analysis indicates that within this distance the source probably represents the threshold of direct access to the quarries. Tandilia stone-tools seem to systematically supply a relatively wide area of the Central Pampean Dunefields of the Pampa grasslands, through varied processes, but they arrive at very low frequencies over great distances. The presence of Tandilia rocks in the Western Pampean Dunefields and Western Pampas Sand Mantles and Dunefields indicates social interaction between human groups that shared some common technological knowledge. The presence of stones in the Central Pampean Dunefields coming from the xerophytic woodland of the Dry Pampas can be related with contacts and exchanges among the hunter-gatherer group that occupied different territories.

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