Ex-Vivo Model Systems of Cancer-Bone Cell Interactions

2019 ◽  
pp. 217-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdjan Salih
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Cell Interactions ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Ex Vivo Model

scholarly journals Experimental Models to Study COVID-19 Effect in Stem Cells

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Rishi Man Chugh ◽  
Payel Bhanja ◽  
Andrew Norris ◽  
Subhrajit Saha
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Virus Infectivity ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Impact

The new strain of coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2)) emerged in 2019 and hence is often referred to as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This disease causes hypoxic respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and is considered as the cause of a global pandemic. Very limited reports in addition to ex vivo model systems are available to understand the mechanism of action of this virus, which can be used for testing of any drug efficacy against virus infectivity. COVID-19 induces tissue stem cell loss, resulting inhibition of epithelial repair followed by inflammatory fibrotic consequences. Development of clinically relevant models is important to examine the impact of the COVID-19 virus in tissue stem cells among different organs. In this review, we discuss ex vivo experimental models available to study the effect of COVID-19 on tissue stem cells.

scholarly journals Considerations to Model Heart Disease in Women with Preeclampsia and Cardiovascular Disease

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 899
Author(s):  
Clara Liu Chung Ming ◽  
Kimberly Sesperez ◽  
Eitan Ben-Sefer ◽  
David Arpon ◽  
Kristine McGrath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorder ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Disease Manifestation

Preeclampsia is a multifactorial cardiovascular disorder diagnosed after 20 weeks of gestation, and is the leading cause of death for both mothers and babies in pregnancy. The pathophysiology remains poorly understood due to the variability and unpredictability of disease manifestation when studied in animal models. After preeclampsia, both mothers and offspring have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including myocardial infarction or heart attack and heart failure (HF). Myocardial infarction is an acute myocardial damage that can be treated through reperfusion; however, this therapeutic approach leads to ischemic/reperfusion injury (IRI), often leading to HF. In this review, we compared the current in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo model systems used to study preeclampsia, IRI and HF. Future studies aiming at evaluating CVD in preeclampsia patients could benefit from novel models that better mimic the complex scenario described in this article.

scholarly journals Considerations to Model Heart Disease in Women with Preeclampsia and Cardiovascular Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Liu Chung Ming ◽  
Kimberly Sesperez ◽  
Eitan Ben-Sefer ◽  
David Arpon ◽  
Kristine McGrath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorder ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Disease Manifestation

Preeclampsia is a multifactorial cardiovascular disorder diagnosed after 20 weeks of gestation that is the leading cause of death for both mothers and babies in pregnancy. The pathophysiology remains poorly understood due to variability and unpredictability of disease manifestation when studied in animal models. After preeclampsia, both mothers and offspring have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) including myocardial infarction or heart attack and heart failure (HF). Myocardial infarction is an acute myocardial damage that can be treated through reperfusion, however, that therapeutic approach leads to ischemic/reperfusion injury (IRI) often leading to HF. In this review, we compared the current in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo model systems used to study preeclampsia, IRI and HF. Future studies aiming at evaluating CVD in preeclampsia patients could benefit from novel models that better mimic the complex scenario described in this article.

scholarly journals Replacement of the Trabecular Meshwork Cells—A Way Ahead in IOP Control?

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1371
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Fan ◽  
Emine K. Bilir ◽  
Olivia A. Kingston ◽  
Rachel A. Oldershaw ◽  
Victoria R. Kearns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Trabecular Meshwork ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Cell Replacement ◽  
Trabecular Meshwork Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Source

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide, characterised with irreversible optic nerve damage and progressive vision loss. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a subset of glaucoma, characterised by normal anterior chamber angle and raised intraocular pressure (IOP). Reducing IOP is the main modifiable factor in the treatment of POAG, and the trabecular meshwork (TM) is the primary site of aqueous humour outflow (AH) and the resistance to outflow. The structure and the composition of the TM are key to its function in regulating AH outflow. Dysfunction and loss of the TM cells found in the natural ageing process and more so in POAG can cause abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, increased TM stiffness, and increased IOP. Therefore, repair or regeneration of TM’s structure and function is considered as a potential treatment for POAG. Cell transplantation is an attractive option to repopulate the TM cells in POAG, but to develop a cell replacement approach, various challenges are still to be addressed. The choice of cell replacement covers autologous or allogenic approaches, which led to investigations into TM progenitor cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as potential stem cell source candidates. However, the potential plasticity and the lack of definitive cell markers for the progenitor and the TM cell population compound the biological challenge. Morphological and differential gene expression of TM cells located within different regions of the TM may give rise to different cell replacement or regenerative approaches. As such, this review describes the different approaches taken to date investigating different cell sources and their differing cell isolation and differentiation methodologies. In addition, we highlighted how these approaches were evaluated in different animal and ex vivo model systems and the potential of these methods in future POAG treatment.

scholarly journals A Multi-Modal Toolkit for Studying Neutrophils in Cancer and Beyond

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5331
Author(s):  
Diana Changirwa ◽  
Jared Schlechte ◽  
Braedon McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Neutrophil Function ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Cellular Heterogeneity ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Functional Plasticity ◽  
Ex Vivo Model

As key effector cells of the innate immune response, neutrophils are rapidly deployed to sites of inflammation where they deliver a payload of potent effector mechanisms that are essential for host defense against pathogens as well as tissue homeostasis. In addition, neutrophils are central contributors to the pathogenesis of a vast spectrum of inflammatory, degenerative, and neoplastic diseases. As our understanding of neutrophils in health and disease continually expands, so too does our appreciation of their complex and dynamic nature in vivo; from development, maturation, and trafficking to cellular heterogeneity and functional plasticity. Therefore, contemporary neutrophil research relies on multiple complementary methodologies to perform integrated analysis of neutrophil phenotypic heterogeneity, organ- and stimulus-specific trafficking mechanisms, as well as tailored effector functions in vivo. This review discusses established and emerging technologies used to study neutrophils, with a focus on in vivo imaging in animal models, as well as next-generation ex vivo model systems to study mechanisms of neutrophil function. Furthermore, we discuss how high-dimensional single-cell analysis technologies are driving a renaissance in neutrophil biology by redefining our understanding of neutrophil development, heterogeneity, and functional plasticity. Finally, we discuss innovative applications and emerging opportunities to integrate these high-dimensional, multi-modal techniques to deepen our understanding of neutrophils in cancer research and beyond.

Controlled nail delivery of a novel lipophilic antifungal agent using various modern drug carrier systems as well as in vitro and ex vivo model systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 60-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Naumann ◽  
Jean-Philippe Meyer ◽  
Andreas Kiesow ◽  
Yahya Mrestani ◽  
Johannes Wohlrab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agent ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Modern Drug ◽  
Carrier Systems ◽  
Drug Carrier Systems

scholarly journals Carboplatin response in preclinical models for ovarian cancer: comparison of 2D monolayers, spheroids, ex vivo tumors and in vivo models

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melica Nourmoussavi Brodeur ◽  
Kayla Simeone ◽  
Kim Leclerc-Deslauniers ◽  
Hubert Fleury ◽  
Euridice Carmona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
3D Spheroids

AbstractEpithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological cancer. Among the key challenges in developing effective therapeutics is the poor translation of preclinical models used in the drug discovery pipeline. This leaves drug attrition rates and costs at an unacceptably high level. Previous work has highlighted the discrepancies in therapeutic response between current in vitro and in vivo models. To address this, we conducted a comparison study to differentiate the carboplatin chemotherapy response across four different model systems including 2D monolayers, 3D spheroids, 3D ex vivo tumors and mouse xenograft models. We used six previously characterized EOC cell lines of varying chemosensitivity and performed viability assays for each model. In vivo results from the mouse model correlated with 2D response in 3/6 cell lines while they correlated with 3D spheroids and the ex vivo model in 4/6 and 5/5 cell lines, respectively. Our results emphasize the variability in therapeutic response across models and demonstrate that the carboplatin response in EOC cell lines cultured in a 3D ex vivo model correlates best with the in vivo response. These results highlight a more feasible, reliable, and cost-effective preclinical model with the highest translational potential for drug screening and prediction studies in EOC.

scholarly journals In vitro-ex vivo model systems for nanosafety assessment

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wick ◽  
Savvina Chortarea ◽  
Olivier T. Guenat ◽  
Matthias Roesslein ◽  
Janick D. Stucki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Testing Strategies ◽  
Nano Material ◽  
New Applications

AbstractEngineered nanomaterials have unique and novel properties enabling wide-ranging new applications in nearly all fields of research. As these new properties have raised concerns about potential adverse effects for the environment and human health, extensive efforts are underway to define reliable, cost- and time-effective, as well as mechanistic-based testing strategies to replace the current method of animal testing, which is still the most prevalent model used for the risk assessment of chemicals. Current approaches for nanomaterials follow this line. The aim of this review is to explore and qualify the relevance of new in vitro and ex vivo models in (nano)material safety assessment, a crucial prerequisite for translation into applications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document