Musculo-skeletal Modeling and Analysis for Low-Cost Active Orthosis Customization and SCI Patient Adaptation

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Cuadrado ◽  
Urbano Lugris ◽  
Francisco Mouzo ◽  
Florian Michaud
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Active Orthosis

scholarly journals A Concept Design of an Adaptive Tendon Driven Mechanism for Active Soft Hand Orthosis

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Bruno Lourenço ◽  
Vitorino Neto ◽  
Rafhael de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Biomechanical Constraints ◽  
Active Orthosis

The Hands exert a vital role in the simplest to most complex daily tasks. Losing the ability to make hand movements, which is usually caused by spinal cord injury or stroke, dramatically impacts the quality of life. In order to counteract this problem, several assisting devices have been proposed, but they still present several usage limitations. The marketable orthoses are generally either the static type or over-expensive active orthosis that cannot perform the same degrees of freedom (DoF) that a hand can do. This paper presents a conceptual design of a tendon-driven mechanism for hand’s active orthosis. This study is a part of an effort to develop an effective and low-cost hand’s orthosis for people with hand paralysis. The tendon design proposed was thought to comply with some requisitions such as lightness and low volume, as well as fit with the biomechanical constraints of the hand joints to enable a comfortable use. The mechanism employs small cursors on the phalanges to allow the tendons to run on the dorsal side and by both sides of the fingers, allowing 2 DoF for each finger, and one extra tendon enlarges the hands’ adduction nuances. With this configuration, it is simple enough to execute the flexion and extension movements, which are the most used movements in daily actives, using one single DC actuator for one DoF to reduce manufacturing costs, or with more DC actuators to enable more natural hand coordination. This system of actuation is suitable to create soft exoskeletons for hands easily embedded into 3D printed parts, which could be merged over statics thermoplastic orthosis. The final orthosis design allows dexterous finger movements and force to grasp objects and perform tasks comfortably.

scholarly journals Modeling and Analysis of a Visual Feedback System to Support Efficient Object Grasping of an EMG-Controlled Prosthetic Hand

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-210
Author(s):  
Tolgay Kara ◽  
Ahmad Soliman Masri
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Hand Gesture ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Prosthetic Hand ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Prosthetic Hands ◽  
Prosthetic Limbs ◽  
Computer Environment

AbstractMillions of people around the world have lost their upper limbs mainly due to accidents and wars. Recently in the Middle East, the demand for prosthetic limbs has increased dramatically due to ongoing wars in the region. Commercially available prosthetic limbs are expensive while the most economical method available for controlling prosthetic limbs is the Electromyography (EMG). Researchers on EMG-controlled prosthetic limbs are facing several challenges, which include efficiency problems in terms of functionality especially in prosthetic hands. A major issue that needs to be solved is the fact that currently available low-cost EMG-controlled prosthetic hands cannot enable the user to grasp various types of objects in various shapes, and cannot provide the efficient use of the object by deciding the necessary hand gesture. In this paper, a computer vision-based mechanism is proposed with the purpose of detecting and recognizing objects and applying optimal hand gesture through visual feedback. The objects are classified into groups and the optimal hand gesture to grasp and use the targeted object that is most efficient for the user is implemented. A simulation model of the human hand kinematics is developed for simulation tests to reveal the efficacy of the proposed method. 80 different types of objects are detected, recognized, and classified for simulation tests, which can be realized by using two electrodes supplying the input to perform the action. Simulation results reveal the performance of proposed EMG-controlled prosthetic hand in maintaining optimal hand gestures in computer environment. Results are promising to help disabled people handle and use objects more efficiently without higher costs.

scholarly journals Developing Low-Cost Inundation Maps for Dam Failures: Modeling and Analysis of a Potential Dam Failure for the Péligre Dam in Haiti

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Jachimowicz ◽  
Shiyan Zhang ◽  
Dan Jakubek
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Dam Failure ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Inundation Maps ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Inundation Map ◽  
The Impact

Dam failure relates to significant risk of human lives, property, and the environment protection. Understanding the risk that a dam introduces is significant for making contingency plans. After a dam failure an inundation map is a crucial component to understand the impact of flooding that will occur. This paper takes Péligre Dam in Haiti as the study area, using an innovative approach for producing inundation maps and estimate consequences. This research uses GIS and remote sensing techniques to merge DEM and generate land cover as data preprocessing, and subsequently uses the DSSWISE Lite System to develop the flood simulation and generate an inundation map for further estimation of life loss. It demonstrates the potential for the production of low-cost accurate inundation maps for dam failed emergencies that can be applied in other developing countries. As the result of the simulation with setting of a moderate breach of 100 meters that developed over 1 hour, it was estimated that 65 fatalities would occur and 202 buildings would be destroyed based on it.

scholarly journals Development, Kinematic Modeling and Analysis of 3 (DoF) Pneumatic Gantry Robot

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 646-650
Author(s):  
Awad Eisa G. Mohamed ◽  
Abuobeida Mohammed Elhassan
Keyword(s):  
Controller Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Friction Model ◽  
Pneumatic Cylinder ◽  
Kinematic Modeling ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Gantry Robot ◽  
Pneumatic Cylinders

Low friction pneumatic cylinders are now being considered in applications for which only electric motors or hydraulics were previously considered suitable. One potential application of low friction pneumatics is robotic for metallurgical operations where the high power to weight ratio and low cost could be exploited. As part of an ongoing project to develop a pneumatic robot, this paper presents the kinematic analysis of pneumatic cylinder characteristics that simplifies controller design. Using mathematical modeling and simulation, non-linearity of modern pneumatic systems have been investigated. The derived models give an excellent representation of the system, despite the inclusion of a simplified friction model.

scholarly journals Modeling and analysis of compaction roller deformation for fiber placement

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1043-1048
Author(s):  
Pan ZHAO ◽  
Bo WU ◽  
Yaoyao SHI ◽  
Kaining SHI ◽  
Hao HU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Fiber Placement ◽  
Advanced Composite ◽  
Material Forming ◽  
Pressure Stress

The fiber reinforced resin-based composite materials have the characteristics of high specific modulus and strength, impact resistance, creep resistance, and seismic resistance, which are widely used in the aviation, automotive, and marine industries. As one of the advanced composite material forming technologies, the fiber placement can manufacture the large-curvature composite parts with the high efficiency, high quality, high repeatability and low cost. The rubber compaction roller will deform under the pressure, in which the deformation will increase the contact area between the pressure roller and the substrate, and improve the interlaminar bonding degree. Due to the different deformation of the compaction roller caused by the different laying pressures, the deformation process of the fiber compaction roller was analyzed. By establishing the pressure stress distribution model for the compaction roller, the contact pressure, the downward deformation of the compaction roller and the deformation contact area between the compaction roller and the substrate are obtained. The mapping relationship among the contact curves of the substrate is verified by using the experiments.

Steady-State Modeling and Analysis of Grid-Connected Six-Phase Induction Generator for Renewable Energy Generation

2012 ◽  
Vol 516-517 ◽  
pp. 645-659
Author(s):  
G.K. Singh ◽  
S.N. Singh ◽  
R.P. Saini
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Core Loss ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Induction Generator ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Renewable Energy Generation

This article presents the steady-state modeling and analysis of a grid-connected six-phase induction generator for renewable energy generation powered by hydro turbine. The basis of the analysis is nodal admittance method as applied to the equivalent circuit, and used to analyze the behavior of the machine for the operating mode such as (i) when only one three-phase winding set is connected to grid, (ii) when one three-phase winding set is connected to grid and other three-phase winding set is subjected to load, and (iii) when both the three-phase winding sets are connected to grid through an interconnecting Y-/Y six-phase to three-phase transformer. Nodal admittance based matrix equations are easier to modify in order to account for mutual leakage coupling between two three-phase winding sets, core loss component, and make the analysis very easy, fast and accurate. Through analytical and practical studies, it is shown that machine can feed direct, reliable, and low cost power to grid without interface network. The analytical results are found to be in good agreement with experimental results.

Computational/Theoretical Modeling of Flow Physics and Transport in Disk Rotor Drag Turbine Expanders for Green Energy Conversion Technologies

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van P. Carey
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

This paper explores the theoretical and computational challenges associated with modeling of flow, momentum transport, and energy conversion processes in disk rotor drag turbine expanders. This category of expander devices, also known as Tesla turbines, has distinct advantages for Rankine power generation using low temperature heat from renewable source such as solar, waste heat, or geothermal steam or hot water. Specifically, the nozzle and rotor designs and the overall expander can be simple to manufacture, low cost, and durable, making this type of expander an attractive option in green energy technology applications where low maintenance costs and rapid capital investment payback are important qualities. Efficient energy conversion performance in rotor disk drag expanders requires that the nozzle efficiently convert flow exergy to fluid kinetic energy, and the rotor be designed to efficiently convert fluid angular momentum to shaft torque and power. To achieve these goals, modeling and analysis tools must provide the designer with a means to predict the performance of these components that accurately represents the physics, and can be effectively used to illuminate the parametric trends in performance. Two categories of modeling are examined in this paper: (1) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, and (2) more idealized one- and two-dimensional analysis frameworks. The advantages and disadvantages of these two approaches are examined here for the specific flows of interest in this type of expander design. The implications of model predictions for optimal design of disk rotor expanders for green energy applications are also discussed.

scholarly journals Modelling of the Human Knee Joint Supported by Active Orthosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-120
Author(s):  
V. Musalimov ◽  
Y. Monahov ◽  
M. Tamre ◽  
D. Rõbak ◽  
A. Sivitski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Healthy Knee ◽  
Knee Joint Motion ◽  
Injured Knee ◽  
Active Orthosis

AbstractThe article discusses motion of a healthy knee joint in the sagittal plane and motion of an injured knee joint supported by an active orthosis. A kinematic scheme of a mechanism for the simulation of a knee joint motion is developed and motion of healthy and injured knee joints are modelled in Matlab. Angles between links, which simulate the femur and tibia are controlled by Simulink block of Model predictive control (MPC). The results of simulation have been compared with several samples of real motion of the human knee joint obtained from motion capture systems. On the basis of these analyses and also of the analysis of the forces in human lower limbs created at motion, an active smart orthosis is developed. The orthosis design was optimized to achieve an energy saving system with sufficient anatomy, necessary reliability, easy exploitation and low cost. With the orthosis it is possible to unload the knee joint, and also partially or fully compensate muscle forces required for the bending of the lower limb.

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