Strengthening Social Reform in Rural Areas Through Women’s Self-Employment

2019 ◽  
pp. 333-348
Author(s):  
Harnida Adda ◽  
Yvonne Corcoran-Nantes
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Self Employment

scholarly journals Rwanda’s Land Policy Reform: Self-Employment Perspectives from a Case Study of Kimonyi Sector

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Mireille Mizero ◽  
Aristide Maniriho ◽  
Bosco Bashangwa Mpozi ◽  
Antoine Karangwa ◽  
Philippe Burny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Land Policy ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Expropriation Risk ◽  
Main Activity

Rwanda’s Land Policy Reform promotes agri-business and encourages self-employment. This paper aims to analyze the situation from a self-employment perspective when dealing with expropriation risk in rural areas. In this study, we conducted a structured survey addressed to 63 domestic units, complemented by focus groups of 47 participants from Kimonyi Sector. The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that having job alternatives, men heading domestic units, literacy skills in English, and owning land lease certificates (p < 0.05) are positively and significantly related to awareness of land expropriation risk. The decision of the head of the domestic unit to practice the main activity under self-employment status is positively influenced by owning a land lease certificate, number of plots, and French skills, while skills in English and a domestic unit’s size have a positive and significant influence on involvement in a second activity as self-employed. Information on expropriation risk has no significant effect on self-employment. The domestic unit survey revealed that 34.9% of the heads of domestic units only have one job, 47.6% have at least two jobs in their everyday life, 12.7% have a minimum of three jobs, and 4.8% are inactive. The focus group synthesis exposed the limits to self-employment ability and facilities.

Sustainability of Microbusinesses and Success of Microfinance

Paradigm ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-105
Author(s):  
Aradhana Chouksey ◽  
Yamini Karmarkar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
Fixed Capital Investment ◽  
Training Need ◽  
Funding Resource ◽  
Selection Of

Emergence of microfinance facilities has raised self-employment opportunities for the disadvantaged group. There are many small and micro entrepreneurs who have started their business with funding support from microfinance agencies. Though this increased funding resource has increased the number of businesses that are started by entrepreneurs in rural areas, another important fact is that all these new businesses are not necessarily successful. In Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh (MP), only 20 per cent of businesses funded by microfinance agencies are profitable. There are multiple reasons behind this lack of success of microenterprises. There are paucity of information in selection of right opportunity, absence of technical assistance, lack of business knowledge and marketing and finance skills, which are few of them. This is an alarming sign for funding agencies as higher failure rate of microenterprises bound to jeopardize, the sustainability of the microfinance in long term and retard the development of region. This research conducted on microenterprises of Malwa region of MP tries to identify the specific training needs of microfinance clients. Further, this research tries to evaluate empirically what are the potential and sustainable microbusiness opportunities, which can be started and run by people of disadvantage groups. Empirical findings through a survey designed on a sample of 54 microenterprises of eight villages of Malwa region show that any microbusiness having higher ratio of working capital to fixed capital investment are successful in Malwa region. Also, it is found that the most important training need of these enterprises is in the field of ‘managing finance’ for small business.

scholarly journals Involvement in the organized market of such forms of self employment in rural areas as personal subsidiary farms of citizens

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (13) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Kot ◽  
Tat'yana Zyryanova ◽  
Sergey Zyryanov
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Axiomatic Analysis ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
The Law

Abstract. Within the framework of a set of measures for the implementation of the national project on small and medium-sized enterprises and support for individual entrepreneurial initiative in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation on national goals and strategic development tasks, the importance of involving citizens in independent production activities is reflected. In this regard, Federal Law No. 422-FL of 27 November 2018 (hereinafter referred to as the Law) initiated a tax experiment to establish a new special tax regime “Tax on Professional Income” (hereinafter referred to as the TPI). The purpose of the study is to determine the economic impact of the new tool on the involvement in economic turnover of such a form of self-employment in rural areas as personal subsidiary farms of citizens. Tasks: 1) using the deductive method of theoretical research to analyze the effect of the experiment on the application of the new special tax regime on the territory of Russia; 2) to consider in practical situations the options for applying the TPI for self-employed citizens; 3) systematize data on the calculation of naps in the form of a model that has theoretical and practical significance for the involvement of private subsidiary farms (hereinafter referred to as PSF) in an organized market. Research methods: deduction, axiomatic, analysis, synthesis, comparison, experiment, measurement. The scientific novelty and results is that according to the Law, a new target group is allocated – self-employed citizens who indicate services in different fields of activity. In agriculture, it is also necessary to direct the activities of PSF that sell their own products to an organized market. Results. In order to help improve financial literacy with the support of self-employed entrepreneurs, a comparative analysis of deductions for the calculation of professional income tax was conducted. Algorithms for calculating naps have been developed, which are the basis for considering practical situations. A model has been compiled that systematizes the procedure for applying the TPI for self-employed citizens.

Women Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Rural Development in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 246-259
Author(s):  
Badal Chandra Das ◽  
Sebak Kumar Jana
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The People ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Development Support ◽  
Unemployed Youth

Rural development implies both the economic betterment of the people living in rural areas as well as bringing out holistic development. Accordingly, government has made paradigm shift from individual-centric rural development support to creation of gainful self-employment as well as wage employment among rural masses. Entrepreneurship, in this direction, has become an important consideration. Economic growth of a region largely depends on the involvement of poor and marginal sections into the process of entrepreneurship development. Globally, a large number of unemployed youth and women are becoming self-employed through entrepreneurship and creating employment opportunities for others. Researchers have worked on women's empowerment, economic development, and their role on micro-credit movement. The work on role of women in sustainable development is very limited. This chapter has tried to analyse issues related to women entrepreneurships in light of sustainable rural development in India to meet the research gap in the current context of Indian rural economy.

3. The Madero revolt and regime (1910–1913)

2016 ◽  
pp. 27-42
Author(s):  
Alan Knight
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Ciudad Juarez ◽  
The North ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Democratic Tradition ◽  
The Right

Francisco Madero, scion of one of northern Mexico’s richest families, had led the unsuccessful opposition of early 1910 in the liberal-democratic tradition. ‘The Madero revolt and regime’ explains how the Díaz victory in the 1910 election provided the impetus for armed revolt in rural areas. The Treaty of Ciudad Juárez in early 1911 ended the Maderista revolution as well as the Porfirian regime, but the deal was not well received by rebel leaders: Orozco in the north and Zapata in the centre. Madero’s presidency saw opposition both from the Right and Left, but it was the rebellious insurgency of Zapatismo and Orozquismo looking for social reform that led to Madero’s downfall.

Internal remittances and employment choices in rural Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-524
Author(s):  
Stanley Kojo Dary ◽  
Yazidu Ustarz
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rural Ghana ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Employment Choices

PurposeThe paper examines the effect of internal remittances on the employment choices of household heads in rural Ghana.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employs data from the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS 6) of the Ghana Statistical Service. Due to issues of endogeneity of remittances in relation to labor supply, the paper adopts an instrumental variable approach in the analysis. First, employment choices are categorized into three: (1) wage/salary employment, (2) self-employment and (3) domestic/family employment. The relationship is then modeled as instrumental variable multinomial probit (IV-MNP). Secondly, employment choices are recategorized into two: farm employment and otherwise and modeled as instrumental variable probit (IV-PROBIT). The models are estimated via the conditional mixed process (CMP) estimation technique.FindingsThe results indicate that remittances have a negative effect on self-employment and a positive effect on domestic/family employment. Thus, remittances reduce participation in self-employment but increase participation in domestic/family employment. Furthermore, remittances have a negative effect on participation in farm employment. The results are robust to different measures of remittances: receipt of remittances (dummy) and remittance income.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that remittances are used for consumption rather than investing in earning activities. In general, engaging in earning type of employment, whether farm and nonfarm employment will decline with receipt of remittances in rural Ghana. There is a need for policy attention with the increasing migration of people out of rural areas.Originality/valuePrior to this study, little was known on the effect of internal remittances on labor supply decisions of remittance recipients in Ghana, particularly rural Ghana. This paper contributes significantly to filling this knowledge gap.

scholarly journals Estimating the Impact of Microcredit on Those Who Take It Up: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Morocco

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Crépon ◽  
Florencia Devoto ◽  
Esther Duflo ◽  
William Parienté
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Randomized Experiment ◽  
Randomized Evaluation ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Suggestive Evidence ◽  
The Impact

We report results from a randomized evaluation of a microcredit program introduced in rural areas of Morocco in 2006. Thirteen percent of the households in treatment villages took a loan, and none in control villages did. Among households identified as more likely to borrow, microcredit access led to a significant rise in investment in assets used for self-employment activities, and an increase in profit, but also to a reduction in income from casual labor. Overall there was no gain in income or consumption. We find suggestive evidence that these results are mainly driven by effects on borrowers, rather than by externalities. (JEL D14, G21, J23, O12, O16, O18)

Young People and Employment in the South West

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Dunkerley ◽  
Claire Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
South West ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Family

From a comprehensive survey of over 1200 17 and 18 year olds in Devon and Cornwall, the paper concentrates on the economic position of young people. Important differences were found between the young people in urban and rural areas. Of interest here is the role played by them in the local economy. The rural South West is shown to be characterized by a prevalence of self-employment and small businesses. Furthermore, factors such as a shortage of housing and travelling difficulties leads to different kinds of interdependence between parents and children in rural areas from those found in urban areas. Although in rural areas a dependence of young people upon the family was found, this was balanced by the dependence of the family on them in the sense of a young person’s labour often being a crucial part of the family business. This interdependence is intensified in many rural businesses where there is often no geographical separation of home and workplace. The far South West experiences some of the highest unemployment and the lowest wages in the UK and yet young people in rural areas were found to have developed coping strategies manifested in both formal and informal work practices, casualization and self-employment. The ‘pluriactivity’ found shows young people socialized into long hours, hard work and poor rewards. It is clear from the results that young people are not simply passively dependent upon the household nor that the flow of resources goes simply from parents to children. Small scale rural enterprises in which young people are employed or seek to be employed still show a marked gender division of tasks. Further, it was difficult in many instances to make a clear distinction between work and non-work although again distinct gender differences are visible.

scholarly journals Pobreza exclusión social y acceso a oportunidades vitales en la Región Puno

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Jesús E. Tumi Quispe ◽  
Alberth Jesús Tumi Rivas
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
Public And Private Sector

<p>El objetivo del estudio esta centrado en caracterizar las expresiones de la exclusión social en la pobreza y en las condiciones de acceso a las oportunidades vitales de la población en la Región Puno. La investigación es de carácter seccional, descriptivo, cuantitativo y de nivel meso. Las referencias empíricas se sustentan en información oficial: Censo Nacional de población, mapa de pobreza, IDH, IDS, indicadores sectoriales (educación, salud, vivienda, saneamiento) e instrumentos de gestión estratégica y programática. Los resultados del estudio son: En la región Puno, la exclusión, como proceso sociopolítico, se expresa en la desigualdad social, la inequidad y la pobreza; cuyo resultados concretos se advierten en el acceso diferenciado a las oportunidades vitales de empleo, educación y salud. Las condiciones de acceso al empleo, de la mayoría de la población en la región Puno, denotan su carácter de inequidad y desigualdad; debido a las escasas oportunidades que tiene la población en el sector publico y privado, situación que conlleva a la generación del autoempleo o la condición de subocupado o desempleado especialmente de la población vulnerable o en situación de pobreza. Las condiciones de acceso a la educación básica en la región Puno, esta signado por su carácter excluyente, especialmente de la población en situación de pobreza y las localizadas en el área rural; denotando no solo su alto sentido de inequidad y desigualdad social, sino también, su precariedad en cuanto a la calidad de la educación. Las condiciones de acceso a los servicios de salud de la población en la región Puno, de manera análoga, denota su carácter de inequidad y exclusión social para la población vulnerable y localizada en el área rural; esta situación se agudiza, debido a que los servicios de salud que se brindan no son culturalmente adecuados.  </p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>The objective of this study is focused on characterizing the expressions of social exclusion in the poverty and the conditions of access to the vital opportunities of the population in the Puno region. The research is of character sectional, descriptive, quantitative and meso level. Empirical references are based on official information: National Census of Population, poverty map, IDH, IDS, sectoral indicators (education, health, housing, sanitation) and instruments of strategic and programmatic management. The results of the study are: in the Puno region, exclusion, as sociopolitical process, is expressed in the social inequality, inequality and poverty; whose concrete results are seen in the differential access to vital opportunities of employment, education and health. The conditions of access to employment, of the majority of the population in the Puno region, denote its character of inequity and inequality; Due to the limited opportunities that the population in the public and private sector, a situation that leads to the generation of self-employment or the condition of underloaded or unemployed especially of the vulnerable population or in a situation of poverty. The conditions of access to basic education in the Puno region, is marked by its exclusive nature, especially of the population in poverty and those located in rural areas; denoting not only its high sense of social inequity and inequality, but also, its precariousness in regard to the quality of education. The conditions of access to health services for the population in the Puno region, similarly, denotes his character of inequity and social exclusion for the vulnerable population and located in the rural area; this situation is exacerbated, due to the health services that are provided are not culturally appropriate.</p>

scholarly journals CONSTRAINTS FACED BY THE RESPONDENTS IN AVAILING THE BENEFITS OF DWCRA IN SRIKAKULAM DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Yalla Meera ◽  
Dipak Kumar Bose ◽  
Syed H. Mazhar ◽  
Jahanara Jahanara
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Development ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Activity Groups ◽  
Almost All

Women and Children constitute 67.7 per cent of the country’s total population as per the census 2001. Women exclusively accounted for million constituting 48.3 percent of the country’s population. By virtue of these figures, they shall be considered as an important target group. Hence, it becomes an essentiality to empower women economically and socially for promoting national development. Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA) was launched as sub scheme of IRDP. It was initially started as pilot project in 50 selected districts in all states during 1982- 1983. During, the IX plan almost all state governments started implementing DWCRA activities in rural areas. The objectives of this programme are to organize women into socio-economic activity groups with the dual purpose of providing self- employment opportunities and social strength to them. Besides, providing financial support for income generating activities, DWCRA also increases women’s access to basic services of health, education, children’s nutrition, safe drinking water, sanitation and environment. Though there are many achievements to its credit, still there is wider space to accommodate many innovative ideas elicited through the participation of women over the years for improving the programme periphery.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document