scholarly journals Rwanda’s Land Policy Reform: Self-Employment Perspectives from a Case Study of Kimonyi Sector

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Mireille Mizero ◽  
Aristide Maniriho ◽  
Bosco Bashangwa Mpozi ◽  
Antoine Karangwa ◽  
Philippe Burny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Land Policy ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Expropriation Risk ◽  
Main Activity

Rwanda’s Land Policy Reform promotes agri-business and encourages self-employment. This paper aims to analyze the situation from a self-employment perspective when dealing with expropriation risk in rural areas. In this study, we conducted a structured survey addressed to 63 domestic units, complemented by focus groups of 47 participants from Kimonyi Sector. The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that having job alternatives, men heading domestic units, literacy skills in English, and owning land lease certificates (p < 0.05) are positively and significantly related to awareness of land expropriation risk. The decision of the head of the domestic unit to practice the main activity under self-employment status is positively influenced by owning a land lease certificate, number of plots, and French skills, while skills in English and a domestic unit’s size have a positive and significant influence on involvement in a second activity as self-employed. Information on expropriation risk has no significant effect on self-employment. The domestic unit survey revealed that 34.9% of the heads of domestic units only have one job, 47.6% have at least two jobs in their everyday life, 12.7% have a minimum of three jobs, and 4.8% are inactive. The focus group synthesis exposed the limits to self-employment ability and facilities.

scholarly journals INDIVIDUAL AND CONTEXTUAL FACTORS AFFECTING DPT IMMUNIZATION IN INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Resti Wahyuni ◽  
Titik Harsanti
Keyword(s):  
Junior High School ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Individual

Nowadays, diphtheria cases always increase from year to year. Until now, no drug has been found to cure diphtheria, but there is the most effective way of prevention through immunization. It is known that diphtheria sufferers who don’t get immunizations increase every year. The purpose of this study is to determine the individual and contextual factors that influence the status of DPT immunization in Indonesia and its trends and to know the diversity between cities. The data used in this study are Susenas KOR and consumption and expenditure (KP) modules. The results of multilevel binary logistic regression analysis indicate that individual factors that influence the status of DPT immunization are residence classification, highest maternal education, ownership of immunization cards, birth order, and household poverty status. While the contextual are the ratio of posyandu to 100,000 population and PDRB. Characteristics of children aged 12-59 who do not get immunizations tend to live in rural areas, have mothers with the highest education in junior high school, don’t have immunization cards, who born late in households with many children, and come from poor households. Besides that, there is a diversity of characteristics between cities, which amounted to 22,19%.

SELF-EMPLOYMENT INITIATIVES IN IRAN—A CASE STUDY

1994 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 907-930
Author(s):  
YOUNESS ALIZADEH
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Management Training ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Affairs

A few years after the Islamic Revolution in 1979, the Government of Iran was confronted by a rapid growth in the population, vast migrations from rural areas to urban cities such as Tehran (currently numbering 15 millions), and increasing unemployment. Available statistics, according to sociologists and statisticians, indicate that unemployment in Iran is an “urban” phenomenon affecting high school and university graduates. In an attempt to address the problem of unemployment and the concentration of wealth in the hands of a few individuals in business, the Government decided to introduce several models to promote self-employment enterprises. In order to implement these models the Parliament of the Islamic Republic of Iran has approved several decrees that allow the Government to extend credit to unemployed persons provided they form production co-operatives. There are mainly two self-employment models developed by the Government through the Ministry of Co-operation and the Ministry of Employment and Social Affairs. In order to evaluate these models, this author conducted intensive interviews with a number of staff members in the Ministry of Co-operation and the Ministry of Employment and Social Affairs, reviewed relevant literature, and surveyed 20% of active co-operatives in the Tehran province to gather first-hand information. An important attribute of the scheme is that, through establishing self-employment enterprises for unemployed persons, the Iranian Government attempted to replace mortgages by education or managerial ability as a basis for extending credit. The study revealed that, despite the attractiveness of the models, their success is dependent upon careful implementation and handling of the problems such as management training and the education of self-employed persons.

scholarly journals A Comparison on Prevalence of Hypertension and Related Risk Factors between Island and Rural Residents of Dalian City, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baiting Liu ◽  
Hainiang Liu ◽  
Rongmei Na ◽  
Xiaofei Li ◽  
Qianxiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Level ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dalian City ◽  
And Control

This study aimed to compare the prevalence of hypertension between the island and rural residents in Dalian, China, and to explore associated risk factors of hypertension in order to provide evidence for the establishment of targeted strategy of hypertension prevention and treatment for island and rural residents. The modified MONICA questionnaire survey was performed on 7764 island and rural residents aged ≥40 years (including 2652 island residents and 5112 rural residents). Our data showed that totally weighted prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in rural residents than in island residents (61.9% vs. 55.2%, P<0.001). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that older age, higher BMI, lower education level, and higher LDL-C and UA levels were independently associated with increased risk of having hypertension both in island and in rural residents. The weighted awareness rate (29.9% vs. 17.3%, P<0.001), treatment rate (51.4% vs. 28.5%, P<0.001), and control rate (36.3% vs. 24.0%, P=0.001) of hypertension were all significantly higher in island residents than those in rural residents. In conclusion, our survey shows that the epidemics of hypertension are extremely high in surveyed residents in island and rural areas of Dalian city, while awareness, treatment, and control rats of hypertension in these residents are much lower than the national level. The scenario is even worse in rural residents as compared with island residents of Dalian, China.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Malnutrition and Associated Factors of Stunting among 6–23-Month-Old Infants in Central Rural China in 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8165
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Jing Sun ◽  
Jian Huang ◽  
Junsheng Huo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Rural China ◽  
National Level ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Central China ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Improvement Project

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition and to investigate the associated factors of stunting among 6–23-month-old infants in poor rural areas of central China. The China Nutrition Improvement Project on Children in Poor Areas was conducted in 56 national-level poor counties of seven provinces in 2019. We performed a multivariate binary logistic regression analysis to determine the associated factors of stunting. This cross-sectional study included 17,193 infants. The overall prevalence of stunting was the highest (3.9%), followed by overweight (3.0%), underweight (2.1%), wasting (2.0%), and obesity (0.5%). Girls [OR = 0.55, 95% CI (0.46, 0.65)], infants meeting requirements of minimum diversity diet [OR = 0.81, 95% CI (0.67, 0.98)], and mothers with middle-school or high-school education and above decreased the prevalence of stunting. Infants with diarrhea in two weeks [OR = 1.26,95% CI (0.98, 1.62)] were at higher odds of stunting. The malnutrition status in the study areas was improved, and vulnerable infants were found to need additional and earlier monitoring to detect and fundamentally prevent undernutrition.

scholarly journals Changes in Fish Consumer Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Bandung City

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Nabila Nur Rania ◽  
Zuzy Anna ◽  
Achmad Rizal ◽  
Asep Agus Handaka Suryana
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Wald Test ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Before And After

This research was conducted in Cicendo District, Bandung City, West Java. To analyze factors that influence changes in fish consumers behaviour and preference before the COVID-19 pandemic. Case study with quantitative and qualitative data analysis was employed and an accidental sampling technique method using 100 respondents. The results showed changes in factors during the COVID-19 pandemic are the system and place of purchase, the frequency of fish consumption, the amount of consumption of fish and products consumed, and the price of fish. Based on binary logistic regression analysis, before and after the Covid-19 pandemic, the Wald test showed that income, education and age variables had an influence on preferences between fresh fish and processed fish. Preferences between fresh freshwater fish and marine fish before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, the Wald test shows that employment and income variables have an influence.

PREVALENCE OF CHILD MARRIAGE AMONG BANGLADESHI WOMEN AND TREND OF CHANGE OVER TIME

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Golam Hossain ◽  
Rashidul Alam Mahumud ◽  
Aik Saw
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
First Marriage

SummaryMany Bangladeshi women marry early, and many marry before the legal age of 18 years. This practice has been associated with a higher risk of health and medical morbidities, and also early pregnancy with higher pre- and postnatal complications. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, and factors associated with, child marriage among Bangladeshi women using multiple binary logistic regression analysis of data from the BDHS-2011. Further analysis on the trend of age at first marriage was performed with additional data sets from previous surveys. The mean and median of ages at first marriage of Bangladeshi women in 2011 were 15.69±2.97 and 15.00 years, respectively. A remarkably high percentage (78.2%) married before the age of 18; of these, 5.5% married at a very early age (before 13 years of age). Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that uneducated women were more likely to be married early (p<0.001) than those with secondary and higher education. Child marriage was especially pronounced among women with uneducated husbands, Muslims, those with poor economic backgrounds and those living in rural areas. Further analysis including data from previous BDHS surveys showed that child marriage among Bangladeshi women had a decreasing trend from 1993–94 to 2011. These results show that child marriage was very common in Bangladesh, and closely associated with low level of education and low economic status. The decreasing trend in child marriage indicates an improvement over the past two decades but more effort is needed to further reduce and eventually eliminate the practice.

Service Evaluation of Public Bicycle Scheme from a User Perspective: A Case Study in Hangzhou, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 2634 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengwei Chen ◽  
Dianhai Wang ◽  
Yilin Sun ◽  
Chengxi Liu ◽  
Zhen Bai
Keyword(s):  
User Behavior ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Service Evaluation ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Massive Scale ◽  
Willingness To Use

In late 2005, in an attempt to solve the last-mile problem, China started implementing public bikesharing programs. The effort quickly grew to a massive scale. An estimated 400,000 public bicycles now are in use in China, which is more than in all other countries that have implemented public bicycle schemes (PBSs). As with any emerging service that develops rapidly, an understanding of user behavior and satisfaction is lacking. Factors that influence the frequency of public bicycle use were studied in Hangzhou, China. Online and intercept surveys were conducted with PBS users. Willingness to use the PBS as well as satisfaction with and concerns about the PBS were investigated. Analysis of variance was conducted to identify the six factors that affect a user’s decision to rent: car ownership, bicycle ownership, travel purpose, having or lacking familiarity with the rental process, level of satisfaction with the PBS, and level of familiarity with the distribution of docking stations. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to elucidate details of key factors in the group of most frequent users—that is, survey respondents who did not own a car, rented a bicycle primarily for shopping or going out for business, and were familiar with the rental process and the distribution of docking stations. Based on study findings, advice is presented for implementing policy in developing countries. Suggestions include publicizing the PBS more, attracting more commuters to bicycling to reduce congestion, enhancing the accessibility of docking stations to accommodate more potential users, and improving bicycle quality to encourage more participation and make it easier for elderly citizens to participate.

scholarly journals Pig-farming systems and porcine cysticercosis in the north of Cameroon

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Assana ◽  
F. Amadou ◽  
E. Thys ◽  
M.W. Lightowlers ◽  
A.P. Zoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
Pig Farming

AbstractA survey was conducted in 150 households owning 1756 pigs in the rural areas of Mayo-Danay division in the north of Cameroon. A questionnaire survey was carried out to collect information on the pig-farming system and to identify potential risk factors for Taenia solium cysticercosis infection in pigs. Blood samples were collected from 398 pigs with the aim of estimating the seroprevalence of T. solium cysticercosis. The results showed that 90.7% of the pigs are free roaming during the dry season and that 42.7% of households keeping pigs in the rural areas have no latrine facility. Seventy-six per cent of the interviewed pig owners confirmed that members of the household used open-field defecation. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antigen and antibody detection showed an apparent prevalence of cysticercosis of 24.6% and 32.2%, respectively. A Bayesian approach, using the conditional dependence between the two diagnostic tests, indicated that the true seroprevalence of cysticercosis in Mayo-Danay was 26.6%. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that a lack of knowledge of the taeniasis–cysticercosis complex and the absence of a pig pen in the household were associated with pig cysticercosis.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Knowledge of HIV and AIDS among Ghanaian Adults from 1998 to 2014: A Multilevel Logistic Regression Model Approach

Scientifica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Chris Guure ◽  
Stephen Owusu ◽  
Samuel Dery ◽  
Frances Baaba da-Costa Vroom ◽  
Seth Afagbedzi
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge

Background. In order for stakeholders of HIV and AIDS to effectively plan HIV prevention programs, it is expedient to assess the level of individuals’ knowledge on the most common preventive methods and misconceptions of the HIV virus. This study examines the trends and determinants of comprehensive knowledge (CK) of HIV and AIDS among Ghanaians from 1998–2014. Method. The data used for this study were drawn from the Ghana Demographic Health Surveys (GDHS), 1998–2014. A separate analysis was performed on each survey-year data and GDHS pooled dataset. Additionally, both the male and female datasets were combined. The samples used for the study were 6,389, 10706, 9484, and 13784 representing 1998, 2003, 2008, and 2014, respectively. The pooled dataset consisted of 40363 responses. The Pearson chi-square test and multilevel binary logistic regression analysis were carried out to assess the association between the study variables and CK of HIV and AIDS. Results. CK of HIV and AIDS was found to be lower in women than men (29.24% vs. 37.7%) using the pooled dataset. The Greater Accra region recorded the highest percentage of CK of HIV and AIDS (44.18%), whereas the Northern region recorded the lowest (17.87%) among the 10 administrative regions in Ghana. Comprehensive knowledge of HIV and AIDS was also found to be less likely with an OR of 0.72 (95% CI; 0.65, 0.79, p<0.001) among persons living in rural areas even after controlling for other study variables. There is also a decrease of CK of HIV and AIDS from 37.35% in 2008 to 32.5% in 2014. The lowest percentage (10.75%) of CK of HIV and AIDS among the four survey years was recorded in 1998. Conclusion. There are generally low levels of comprehensive knowledge among the Ghanaian adult population more especially among women. Those residing in rural areas have lower prevalence of CK of HIV and AIDS. To address some of these challenges, there is the need to intensify educational interventions more especially among women and people leaving in rural areas to reverse some of the knowledge gaps and correct the local misconceptions of HIV and AIDS.

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