Belajar dari KKN Kebencanaan: Pola Distribusian Bantuan Paska Gempa Lombok antara MDMC dan BPBD

Indonesia adalah salah satu negara yang memiliki berbagai macam potensi bencana seperti gempa bumi. Salah satu kejadian gempa bumi dengan kekuatan yang mencapai 6,8 Skala Richter (SR) terjadi di pulau Lombok Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB). Komponen penting yang sangat berperan dalam manajemen bencana adalah distribusi bantuan paska bencana. Program Pengabdian Masyarakat (PKM) dengan tema kebencanaan diinisiasi oleh Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram. Sejumlah 30 mahasiswa dikirim untuk membantu program distribusi bantuan paska gempa di dua simpul pengelolaan bantuan yaitu Muhammadiyah Managament Disaster Center (MDMC) yang bertempat di Gedung Dakwah Pengurus Wilayah Muhammadiyah (PWM) NTB dan Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) yang bertempat di kantor BPBD NTB. Dari kegiatan ini disimpulkan bahwa tata kelola dan strategi dalam pengelolaan distribusi bantuan bencana yang dilakukan oleh MDMC dan BPBD memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda, hal ini terkait dengan ‘payung’ operasional yang diacu oleh kedua lembaga tersebut. Beberapa karateristik perbendaan tersebut adalah sumber dana, sistim koordinasi, dan sumberdaya yang pada akhirnya menghasilkan perbedaan dalam alur distribusi.Kata Kunci: Bencana; BPBD; Distribusi Bantuan; MDMC; Paska Gempa Learning from Disaster Community Service: Distribution Pattern of Post-Lombok Earthquake Aid between MDMC and BPBDABSTRACTIndonesia is one the countries that has various potential disasters such as the Earth Quake. One of the Earth Quakes that reached magnitude of 6.8 Richter Scale (SR) was occurred at Lombok Island Province of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB). A critical component that plays in the disaster management is humanitarian logistic supply. The community services program (PKM) with disaster theme was initiated by Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram. Total of 30 students were sent for assisting the humanitarian logistic supply post-earth quake at two main distribution focal point, namely Muhammadiyah Disaster Management Centre that located at Gedung Dakwah Pengurus Wilayah Muhammadiyah (PWM) NTB, and The Provincial Disaster Management Office (BPBD) that located at BPBD NTB office. The PKM concluded that the distribution of humanitarian logistic by MDMC and BPBD has different characteristic associated with management and strategy, these differences occurred due to operational guideline that referred by those two institution. Some of the characteristic differences include funding resource, coordination system, and human resources that generated the different distribution flow. Keywords: Disaster; BPBD; Distribution Aid; MDMC; Post Earth Quake

Understanding Business Environments and Success Factors for Emerging Bioeconomy Enterprises through a Comprehensive Analytical Framework

The development toward the bioeconomy requires, among others, generating and institutionalizing knowledge that contributes to technical and nontechnical inventions and innovations. Efforts to support innovation are often linked with the development of business models that facilitate the development in bioeconomy. However, the interdependences between the business models and their business environments are not sufficiently well understood in a way where misalignments that can obstruct the development can be dealt with adequately. Given this lacuna, this research aims to contribute to the development of a comprehensive analytical framework for better understanding the conditions of business environment as well as empirically apply the framework in an empirical study on cases of bioeconomy enterprises in Europe. In this paper, a comprehensive business environment framework is developed and applied for analyzing over 80 cases, thereby allowing for critical action arenas and crucial success factors to be identified. The findings are derived from a systematic application of the framework to relevant action arenas for business development: institutional development, technology and knowledge, consumers’ agency, market structure, funding, resource and infrastructure, and training and education. The results show that businesses in the bioeconomy, unlike other businesses, have to deal with more and very specific constraining legislative issues, infant and non-adapted technology and knowledge, as well as unclear values and perceptions of consumers. Due to this, businesses have to develop new forms of cooperation with different stakeholders. Successful businesses are characterized by the fact that they develop specific strategies, steering structures, and processes with a particular focus on learning and innovation to overcome misalignments between the business environment and their business models. Focusing efforts on learning and innovation in institutional development, technology and knowledge, consumers’ agency, and funding are especially promising as these turned out to be particularly critical and in particular need of institutional alignment for reducing different kinds of transaction costs in the development of bioeconomy.

Amendment of International Funding Resource Approaches Required to Control HIV

The article's abstract is no available.

Eficiência e financiamento nas ações em média e alta complexidade

RESUMOObjetivo: elucidar a relevância do financiamento do Sistema Único de Saúde sobre a eficiência das ações na média e alta complexidades nos serviços. Método: trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico, tipo revisão integrativa da literatura. Selecionaram-se os artigos no período de 2007 a 2016, nas bases de dados a LILACS, MEDLINE e ColecionaSUS, no idioma português. Estruturou-se a pesquisa em seis etapas metodológicas. Após a leitura sistematizada dos artigos os estudos foram analisados e apresentados em forma de figuras. Resultados: selecionaram-se três estudos que revelam que a produção científica apresentada é bastante reduzida e necessita de maior aprofundamento em relação à investigação e às inferências de contribuição para a melhoria dos processos em nível da média e alta complexidades, sobretudo nas consequências que os entraves causam aos serviços hospitalares. Conclusão: necessita-se de maior aprofundamento no tocante às lacunas existentes na atual metodologia de financiamento dos serviços para que sejam fomentadas ferramentas que possibilitem a melhoria contínua dos processos e garantam a real eficiência da distribuição de recursos para um sistema que gere resultados positivos em saúde. Descritores: Financiamento da Assistência à Saúde; Alocação de Recursos; Políticas de Saúde; Serviços de Saúde; Sistema Único de Saúde; Enfermagem.ABSTRACT Objective: to elucidate the relevance of the funding of the Unified Health System on the efficiency of medium and high complexity actions in the services. Method: it is a bibliographical study, of integrative review of the literature type. The articles were selected from 2007 to 2016, in the databases LILACS, MEDLINE and ColecionaSUS, in the Portuguese language. The research was structured in six methodological stages. After the systematized reading of the articles, the studies were analyzed and presented in the form of figures. Results: three studies were selected that show that the scientific production presented is very small and needs to be deepened in relation to the research and the inferences of contribution to the improvement of the processes in the medium and high complexity levels, especially in the consequences that the obstacles to hospital services. Conclusion: there is a need to deepen the existing gaps in the current methodology for financing services so that tools can be fostered that enable continuous improvement of processes and ensure the real efficiency of the distribution of resources to a system that generates positive health outcomes. Descriptors: Health Care Funding; Resource allocation; Health policies; Health services; Unified Health System; Nursing.RESUMEN Objetivo: elucidar la relevancia del financiamiento del Sistema Único de Salud sobre la eficiencia de las acciones en la media y alta complejidad en los servicios. Método: se trata de un estudio bibliográfico, tipo revisión integrativa de la literatura. Se seleccionaron los artículos 2007 a 2016, en las bases de datos LILACS, MEDLINE y ColecionaSUS, en el idioma portugués. Se estructuró la investigación en seis etapas metodológicas. Después de la lectura sistematizada de los artículos los estudios fueron analizados y presentados en forma de figuras. Resultados: se seleccionaron tres estudios que revelan que la producción científica presentada es bastante reducida y necesita una mayor profundización en relación a la investigación y las inferencias de contribución para la mejora de los procesos a nivel de la media y alta complejidades, sobre todo en las consecuencias que los obstáculos causan a los servicios hospitalarios. Conclusión: se necesita mayor profundización en cuanto a las lagunas existentes en la actual metodología de financiamiento de los servicios para que se fomenten herramientas que posibiliten la mejora continua de los procesos y garanticen la real eficiencia de la distribución de recursos para un sistema que genere resultados positivos en salud Descritores: Financiación de la Atención de la Salud; Asignación de Recursos; Política de Salud; Servicios de Salud; Sistema Único de Salud; Enfermería.

Resources

This chapter examines the persistence of the top-down foreign funding resource pattern for local human rights organizations (LHROs) in the global South. Local publics have generally high levels of support for human rights ideas and organizations, and they do make donations to other causes. Despite this high potential for local donations, almost all LHRO funding flows from northern institutions. Part of the explanation lies in socially constructed philanthropic routines: individuals prioritize donations to “tangible” charities rather to organizations that support policy, advocacy, and legal work, and LHROs pursue international resources, rather than engage in costly domestic fundraising efforts. The chapter argues that local rights groups face an uncertain future if they do not begin to capitalize on public support. It further suggests that LHROs should—and can—develop a more diverse domestic resource base.

Sustainability of Microbusinesses and Success of Microfinance

Emergence of microfinance facilities has raised self-employment opportunities for the disadvantaged group. There are many small and micro entrepreneurs who have started their business with funding support from microfinance agencies. Though this increased funding resource has increased the number of businesses that are started by entrepreneurs in rural areas, another important fact is that all these new businesses are not necessarily successful. In Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh (MP), only 20 per cent of businesses funded by microfinance agencies are profitable. There are multiple reasons behind this lack of success of microenterprises. There are paucity of information in selection of right opportunity, absence of technical assistance, lack of business knowledge and marketing and finance skills, which are few of them. This is an alarming sign for funding agencies as higher failure rate of microenterprises bound to jeopardize, the sustainability of the microfinance in long term and retard the development of region. This research conducted on microenterprises of Malwa region of MP tries to identify the specific training needs of microfinance clients. Further, this research tries to evaluate empirically what are the potential and sustainable microbusiness opportunities, which can be started and run by people of disadvantage groups. Empirical findings through a survey designed on a sample of 54 microenterprises of eight villages of Malwa region show that any microbusiness having higher ratio of working capital to fixed capital investment are successful in Malwa region. Also, it is found that the most important training need of these enterprises is in the field of ‘managing finance’ for small business.

How school context and educator characteristics predict distributed leadership

Distributed leadership is a dynamic process and reciprocal interaction of the leader, the subordinates and the situation. This research was inspired by the theoretical framework of Spillane in order to contextualize distributed leadership and compare the variations using the Teaching and Learning International Survey 2013 data. The two-level structural equation model utilized the school contextual variables and staff characteristics as exogenous and endogenous variables simultaneously in order to investigate the reciprocal effects of these variables on each other, and the ultimate influences on the extent to which leadership is distributed. The results suggest mutual respect among staff, funding resource of the school, together with principal's gender and employment status, are critically important factors with regard to the extent of distributed leadership in a school.

ALOKASI ,DISTRIBUSI ZAKAT DAN DANA TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL DI PERBANKAN SYARIAH

Islamic banking is a financial institution which runs based on the principle of shariah, namely, prohibition of riba and unproductive fund (al-ikhtinaz) and encouraging assistance between others (ta’awun). Therefore, Islamic banking distributes the fund on corporate social responsibility (CSR) program and almsgiving (zakat). However, the funding resource of zakat has not yet cleared whether it is from company profit instead of zakat from officer and customer. Company tends to publish the CSR program unless it is including the fund of zakat. This research try to explore the resource and distribution pattern of CSR and company zakat as both of them have actually difference in the distrbution due to shariahPerbankan Syariah merupakan institusi keuangan yang menerapkan prinsip syariah yakni menghindari riba, menghindari dana dalam keadaan diam (al-ihtinaz) dan tolong-menolong (ta’awun). Salah satu bentuk prinsip ta’awun, bank syariah mendistribusikan dana tanggung jawab sosial dan zakat. Namun, sumber alokasi dana zakat belum jelas apakah bersumber dari keuntungan perusahaan atau komulatif dengan zakat karyawan dan nasabah. Prakteknya, perusahaan lebih mempublikasikan dana tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan meskipun termasuk di dalamnya terdapat dana zakat. Penelitian ini mencoba mengupas alokasi dan distribusi dana tanggung jawab sosial dan zakat perusahaan sebab secara syariah keduanya mempunyai hukum yang berbeda dalam pola distribusi