The Immune System as a Sensor and Regulator of Stress: Implications in Human Development and Disease

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie H. Marino ◽  
T. Kent Teague
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Human Development

scholarly journals Role of the microbiome in human development

Gut ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1108-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello ◽  
Filipa Godoy-Vitorino ◽  
Rob Knight ◽  
Martin J Blaser
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Host Development

The host-microbiome supraorganism appears to have coevolved and the unperturbed microbial component of the dyad renders host health sustainable. This coevolution has likely shaped evolving phenotypes in all life forms on this predominantly microbial planet. The microbiota seems to exert effects on the next generation from gestation, via maternal microbiota and immune responses. The microbiota ecosystems develop, restricted to their epithelial niches by the host immune system, concomitantly with the host chronological development, providing early modulation of physiological host development and functions for nutrition, immunity and resistance to pathogens at all ages. Here, we review the role of the microbiome in human development, including evolutionary considerations, and the maternal/fetal relationships, contributions to nutrition and growth. We also discuss what constitutes a healthy microbiota, how antimicrobial modern practices are impacting the human microbiota, the associations between microbiota perturbations, host responses and diseases rocketing in urban societies and potential for future restoration.

Immunomodulation, Part I: Pentoxifylline

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Givens Bell
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Neonatal Immune System

SEPSIS CONTINUES TO BE A significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. In a recent study by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, 21 percent of very low birth weight neonates older than three days of age had one or more episodes of proven bloodstream sepsis (range for the 15 network centers: 11–32 percent). The study’s authors assert that strategies to decrease the incidence of nosocomial infection and the related social and economic impact are urgently needed.1 Researchers have been exploring various modalities, including immunomodulation, as adjuncts to antibiotics to enhance the neonatal immune system. Generally, immunomodulators act to stimulate or augment the immune system indirectly.

scholarly journals Peyer's Patches Are Precocious to the Appendix in Human Development

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Bhide ◽  
K. V. Wadekar ◽  
S. A. Koushik
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Surface Markers ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
Cytotoxic Cells ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Lymphocyte Surface Markers ◽  
Immunocytochemical Studies

PP are first visible at∼15.5 wk gestation after which there is a rapid spurt in the development and maturation of lymphoid follicles so that at any given point of time new foci of PP development are continuously formed at a rapid rate. Addition of rows of follicles results in the formation of a PP. Immature PP of younger fetuses have a spongy structure in contrast with the compact lymphoid follicles of mature PP of older fetuses. Immunocytochemical studies reveal that there is a subtle gradation in the expression of lymphocyte surface markers with increasing fetal age. Expression of antigenic markers occurs in an ordered sequence viz. HLA – DR, CD19 (B cell population), CD9 (pre-B cells), CD3 T lymphocytes, CD4 helper / inducer lymphocytes, the CD8 suppressor / cytotoxic cells and lastly, the CD57 Natural Killer cells. The antigens are expressed first on lymphocytes of PP and thereafter in those of the appendix. Our findings clearly demonstrate that the∼5 wk fetal period from 17.5 wk to 22 wk represents a major growth phase in the development of surface markers of lymphocytes in the mucosal immune system of the gut.

scholarly journals INTERAKSI ANTARA MIKROBIOTA USUS DAN SISTEM KEKEBALAN TUBUH MANUSIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Fitri Elizabrth Br Hasibuan ◽  
Beivy Jonathan Kolondam
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Host Physiology

INTERAKSI ANTARA MIKROBIOTA USUS DAN SISTEM KEKEBALAN TUBUH MANUSIA Fitri Elizabrth Br Hasibuan dan Beivy Jonathan Kolondam ABSTRAK Sejumlah besar mikrobiota yang menghuni sistem pencernaan manusia memiliki peran penting dengan sistem kekebalan tubuh. Mikrobiota ini melaksanakan fungsi penting untuk fisiologi inang. Dalam tubuh manusia terdapat sekitar 10-100 triliun mikrobiota. Jumlah mikrobioma pada manusia paling banyak terdapat di usus, yaitu sekitar 100 triliun sel-sel mikrobiota yang terdiri dari 1.000 spesies berbeda. Mikrobiota adalah seluruh mikroba yang hidup di tubuh manusia yang terdiri dari bakteri, archae, virus, dan jamur yang pada umumnya hidup di setiap bagian tubuh manusia seperi kulit, vagina, hidung dan mulut. Bakteri pada mikrobioma manusia memiliki peran pada imunitas, nutrisi, dan perkembangan manusia. Di sini ditinjau tentang interaksi antara koloni mikroba dan sistem kekebalan tubuh dan implikasi dari temuan ini bagi kesehatan manusia. Kata-kata kunci: mikrobiota usus, sistem kekebalan tubuh, interaksi, bakteria.   INTERACTION BETWEEN GUT MICROBIOTA AND THE HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM ABSTRACT Most of the gut microbiota has important role in human immune system. These microbiota conducts important function for host physiology. The microbiota in the human body can range around 10 to 100 billion in number which contained 1,000 different species. Microbiota are the whole microbes living in human body such as bacteria, archaea, virus, and fungi, located on the skin or inside the vagina, nose and mouth. Bacteria in human microbiome has important roles in nutrition, immunity, and human development. This article discussed about interaction of microbes and immune system along with the implication of the interaction for human health. Keywords: Gut microbiota, immune system, interaction, bacteria

scholarly journals CONSEQUENCES OF INTERMITTENT FASTING FOR NEUROPLASTICITY: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Modern Technique ◽  
Historical Factor ◽  
Dietary Strategy ◽  
Cellular Components

Neuroplasticity occurs from human development until the end of senility and, despite the dependence on food, the regulation of the diet on neurons and nerve synapses is not restricted to the availability of nutrients. In turn, intermittent fasting, as a dietary strategy, represents not only a modern technique for weight loss, but also an important historical factor for the occurrence of persistent organic adaptations. Based on this interrelation, evidence was collected from databases that associated, positively or negatively, neuroplasticity with intermittent fasting in humans. From the review of the selected articles, the various ways in which intermittent fasting affects neuroplasticity, influencing energy metabolism, triggering signaling pathways, modulating components of the immune system and altering cellular components were identified. All of these changes create a favorable environment for the emergence and maintenance of neurons, as well as for the formation of new nerve synapses.

Human Development in the Life Course

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Zittoun ◽  
Jaan Valsiner ◽  
Dankert Vedeler ◽  
Joao Salgado ◽  
Miguel M. Goncalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Human Development ◽  
The Life Course

What Does Human Development Index Rating Mean in Terms of Individualism/Collectivism?

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria José Sotelo ◽  
Luis Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Relationship

The authors explore an alternative way of analyzing the relationship between human development and individualism. The method is based on the first principal component of Hofstede's individualism index in the Human Development Index rating domain. Results suggest that the general idea that greater wealth brings more individualism is only true for countries with high levels of development, while for middle or low levels of development the inverse is true.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document