Tamoxifen: Occurrence, Fate, Transformation Products, and Non-Conventional Treatment Technologies

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
Carlos Escudero-Oñate ◽  
Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz ◽  
Laura Ferrando-Climent
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Treatment Technologies

Removal of Refractory Organic Compounds from Wastewater by Various Advanced Oxidation Process - A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjari Srivastav ◽  
Meenal Gupta ◽  
Sushil K. Agrahari ◽  
Pawan Detwal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Process ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Treatment Technologies

Per capita average annual freshwater availability is gradually reduced due to increasing population, urbanization and affluent lifestyles. Hence, management of wastewater is of great concern. The wastewater from different industries can be treated by various conventional treatment methods but these conventional treatment technologies seem to be ineffective for the complete removal of pollutants especially refractory organic compounds that are not readily biodegradable in nature. Detergents, detergent additives, sequestering agents like EDTA, Pesticides, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc. are some of the recalcitrant organic compounds found in the wastewater. One of the treatment technologies for the removal of recalcitrant organic compounds is Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP). The production of hydroxyl free radical is the main mechanism for the AOP. AOP is a promising technology for the treatment of refractory organic compounds due to its low oxidation selectivity and high reactivity of the radical. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Ozonation, Ultra-violet (UV) radiation, H2O2/UV process and Fenton’s reaction are extensively used for the removal of refractory organic compounds thus reducing Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), phenolic compounds, dyes etc. to great extent. From the studies, we found that Fenton’s reagents appear to be most economically practical AOP systems for almost all industries with respect to high pollutant removal efficiency and it is also economical. From the energy point of view, the ozone based process proves to be more efficient but it is costlier than the Fenton’s process.

Reality or myth: “Advanced wastewater treatment technologies cannot be cost competitive with conventional treatment processes”

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali R. Ahmadi Motlagh ◽  
Stephen Lacy ◽  
Madan Arora ◽  
Jim Ross ◽  
Jeff Misenhimer
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Two Alternatives

With shortage of water becoming a major concern in many areas, use of recycled water is a necessity for a growing number of municipalities. This paper describes a case study in which two alternatives were considered for upgrading an existing wastewater treatment plant with the goal of producing recycled water. The first alternative consisted of conventional secondary and tertiary unit processes while the second alternative included the advanced treatment technology of membrane bioreactor (MBR). Also, two alternatives were evaluated for disinfection of recycled water; chlorine gas and UV system. The more advanced treatment technologies (MBR + UV), which produce the higher quality recycled water, resulted in higher cost. The paper discusses the design and project execution approaches as how the more expensive advanced treatment processes were made cost competitive with the conventional treatment processes.

Potential Applications of Nanomaterials in Wastewater Treatment

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Sadegh ◽  
Gomaa A. M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
The Subject

High-quality water is one of the most important challenges around the world. Conventional techniques of wastewater treatment need to be developed. Therefore, finding sustainable, environmentally friendly, and efficient treatment techniques is required. In this regard, due to the extraordinary potential of nanotechnology resulted from nanoscale size characteristics, recently nanomaterials have been the subject of novel research and development worldwide. In this chapter, the authors review recent development of the direct applications of nanomaterial as an adsorbent in adsorption systems for integrating nanoparticles into conventional treatment technologies for wastewater treatment, especially a wide range of candidate nanomaterials and its properties. In addition, advantages and limitations as compared to existing processes are discussed.

Processes for the removal of recalcitrant organics from industrial wastewaters

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Gulyas
Keyword(s):  
Transformation Products ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Air Oxidation ◽  
Wet Air Oxidation ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Development State ◽  
Form Transformation ◽  
Organic Wastewater

Processes that are suitable for the elimination of recalcitrant organics from industrial wastewaters are reviewed. Most advantageous are separation processes which enable not only reuse of the water phase but also the recycling of the wastewater constituents. Besides separation processes many degradative wastewater techniques are available. However, for the removal of recalcitrant organics biological processes (which are economically beneficial) cannot be chosen, but a variety of nonbiological degradative processes exist which can be divided into oxidative and reductive technologies. The latter are in the research and development state. The chemical oxidative treatment technologies comprise wastewater incineration and wet air oxidation for wastewaters with high organic concentrations, the so-called advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) as e.g. ozone/hydrogen peroxide which generate the nonselective but very powerful oxidant OH radical, and processes with other oxidants as e.g. Fe(VI) compounds or peroxodisulfate. Also electrochemical oxidation of organic wastewater constituents is possible. All degradative processes that do not lead to total mineralization of organic wastewater constituents may form transformation products which sometimes are more toxic than the original organic compounds.

Nanofiltration for colour removal - 8 years' operational experience in Scotland

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Irvine ◽  
D. Welch ◽  
A. Smith ◽  
T. Rachwal
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Cellulose Triacetate ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Nanofiltration Membranes ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Full Compliance ◽  
Remote Island ◽  
Water Legislation ◽  
Treatment Technologies

The development of the ‘ Fyne’ Process, from an operator's perspective, for the removal of humic colour from water is described. The use of cellulose triacetate nanofiltration membranes in both tubular and spiral wound configurations has been a major advancement in the treatment of highly variable coloured upland water sources in Scotland. Membrane technology has enabled full compliance with all drinking water legislation even at the remote island sites. Operational and cost comparisons of nanofiltration with conventional treatment technologies for colour removal are discussed.

scholarly journals HCH Removal in a Biochar-Amended Biofilter

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3396
Author(s):  
Aday Amirbekov ◽  
Aigerim Mamirova ◽  
Alena Sevcu ◽  
Roman Spanek ◽  
Pavel Hrabak
Keyword(s):  
Transformation Products ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Functional Genes ◽  
High Effectiveness ◽  
Hch Isomers ◽  
Temporary Water ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing

This study evaluated the efficiency of two biofilter systems, with and without biochar chambers installed, at degrading and removing HCH and its isomers in natural drainage water. The biochar biofilter proved to be 96% efficient at cleaning HCH and its transformation products from drainage water, a significant improvement over classic biofilter that remove, on average, 68% of HCH. Although iron- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, such as Gallionella and Sulfuricurvum, were dominant in the biochar bed outflows, they were absent in sediments, which were rich in Simplicispira, Rhodoluna, Rhodoferax, and Flavobacterium. The presence of functional genes involved in the biodegradation of HCH isomers and their byproducts was confirmed in both systems. The high effectiveness of the biochar biofilter displayed in this study should further encourage the use of biochar in water treatment solutions, e.g., for temporary water purification installations during the construction of other long-term wastewater treatment technologies, or even as final solutions at contaminated sites.

Potential Applications of Nanomaterials in Wastewater Treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1230-1240
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Sadegh ◽  
Gomaa A. M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
The Subject

High-quality water is one of the most important challenges around the world. Conventional techniques of wastewater treatment need to be developed. Therefore, finding sustainable, environmentally friendly, and efficient treatment techniques is required. In this regard, due to the extraordinary potential of nanotechnology resulted from nanoscale size characteristics, recently nanomaterials have been the subject of novel research and development worldwide. In this chapter, the authors review recent development of the direct applications of nanomaterial as an adsorbent in adsorption systems for integrating nanoparticles into conventional treatment technologies for wastewater treatment, especially a wide range of candidate nanomaterials and its properties. In addition, advantages and limitations as compared to existing processes are discussed.

Granular bainite or granular ferrite? A preliminary TEM investigation of an HSLA-100 steel

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 584-585
Author(s):  
R. Varughese ◽  
S. W. Thompson ◽  
P. R. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Accurate Description ◽  
Granular Bainite ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
The Past ◽  
Light Micrograph ◽  
Multiphase Reaction ◽  
Detailed Nature

Ever since Habraken and Economopoulos first employed the term granular bainite to classify certain unconventional transformation products in continuously cooled steels, the term has been widely accepted and used, despite the lack of a clear consensus as to the detailed nature of the transformation products which constitute granular bainite. This paper presents the preliminary results of a TEM investigation of an 0.04 wt% C, copper-containing steel (designated HSLA-100). It is suggested that the term granular ferrite rather than granular bainite is a more accurate description of this multiphase reaction product.Figure 1 is a light micrograph of a sample which had been air-cooled from 900°C to room temperature. The microstructure is typical of that which has been termed granular bainite in the past and appears to consist of equiaxed ferritic grains together with other minor transformation products. In order to examine these structures in more detail, both continuously cooled and isothermally transformed and quenched materials have been examined with TEM. Granular bainite has been found in virtually all samples.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document