scholarly journals Exploring Specific Features of Transport Interchange Hubs (TIH) Design, Taking into Account the Climatic Conditions of the Russian Arctic

2019 ◽  
pp. 521-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya V. Dunichkin ◽  
Clarice Bleil de Souza ◽  
Konstantin Bogachev ◽  
Camilla Pezzica
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Russian Arctic

scholarly journals Freeze-Dried Food in the Diet of Temporary Residents of the Far North

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-178
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Titov ◽  
Irina Krasnova ◽  
Vera Ganina ◽  
Elena Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Far North ◽  
Nutrition And Diet ◽  
Freeze Dried

Introduction. The Russian Arctic, also called the Far North, attracts a lot of people who work on a fly-in fly-out basis. These temporary residents experience the negative impact of the harsh climate and suffer from unvaried diets and poor ration. Freeze-dried products might be the optimal solution to this problem. The research objective was to find a rationale for the use of freeze-dried long-storage products in the diets of temporary residents in regions with harsh climatic conditions. Study objects and methods. The research featured scientific publications on two topics: 1) nutrition and diet of shift workers in the Far North, 2) development of freeze-dried products for long-term storage in extreme conditions. Results and discussion. Shift workers consume a lot of fats and carbohydrates, while their diet lacks complete proteins, vitamins, minerals, dairy products, and fresh fruits and vegetables. Taking into consideration the high content of sugar and confectionery, the diet ruins the health of the temporary residents and causes alimentary chronic non-infectious diseases. A healthy diet for the Russian Arctic should correspond to the metabolic profile typical of people in chronic environment stress and be complete both quantitatively and qualitatively. Important food products are difficult to deliver to the Far North. As a result, they are microbiologically and chemically contaminated. Therefore, the region needs high-quality functional products with prolonged shelf life. Conclusion. Freeze-dried fermented milk products, fruits, and vegetables can help temporary residents of the Far North to maintain their usual food patterns. Freeze-dried foods have a long shelf life in unregulated temperature conditions, which can solve the issue of food supply even to the most remote settlements.

scholarly journals Microbiomes of the initial soils of mining areas of Yakutsk City (Eastern Siberia, Russia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
Alexey Zverev ◽  
Alexey Petrov ◽  
Anastasia Kimeklis ◽  
Arina Kichko ◽  
Evgeny Andronov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Soil Processes ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
The Family ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
First Time ◽  
Spoil Banks

The microbiome of initial soils formed at the heaps and bottoms of surface sediment quarries in the surroundings of Yakutsk City(Eastern Siberia,Russia) has been characterized for the first time. In the initial Entisols, we detected Alphaproteobacteria (represented mainly by the family Rizobiales), Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes (mostly Chitinophagales), Deltaproteobacteria, and Chloroflexi. The lower soil horizons had a more homogenous species diversity taxonomy that was dominated by Gammaproteobacteria. The morphologically different horizons did not differ microbiologically. This is caused by the limited soil development and relatively slow rate of revegetation of the spoil banks and heaps of the quarries under the severe climatic conditions of the Eastern part of Russian Arctic zone. Based on our findings, we propose that the soil microbiomes in such recently abandoned quarries are characterized by low diversity, which is a characteristic feature of the polar soils surrounding Yakutsk. Data obtained can be used for elaboration of reclamation strategies with taking into account the information about key microbial drivers of soil processes.

scholarly journals Biogeochemical variability during the past 3.6 million years recorded by FTIR spectroscopy in the sediment record of Lake El'gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Meyer-Jacob ◽  
H. Vogel ◽  
A. C. Gebhardt ◽  
V. Wennrich ◽  
M. Melles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Sediment Record ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Late Pliocene ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lake El’Gygytgyn ◽  
Middle Pliocene

Abstract. A number of studies have shown that Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) can be applied to quantitatively assess lacustrine sediment constituents. In this study, we developed calibration models based on FTIRS for the quantitative determination of biogenic silica (BSi; n = 420; gradient: 0.9–56.5%), total organic carbon (TOC; n = 309; gradient: 0–2.9%), and total inorganic carbon (TIC; n= 152; gradient: 0–0.4%) in a 318 m-long sediment record with a basal age of 3.6 million years from Lake El'gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic. The developed partial least squares (PLS) regression models yield high cross-validated (CV) R2CV = 0.86–0.91 and low root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) (3.1–7.0% of the gradient for the different properties). By applying these models to 6771 samples from the entire sediment record, we obtained detailed insight into bioproductivity variations in Lake El'gygytgyn throughout the middle to late Pliocene and Quaternary. High accumulation rates of BSi indicate a productivity maximum during the middle Pliocene (3.6–3.3 Ma), followed by gradually decreasing rates during the late Pliocene and Quaternary. The average BSi accumulation during the middle Pliocene was ~3 times higher than maximum accumulation rates during the past 1.5 million years. The indicated progressive deterioration of environmental and climatic conditions in the Siberian Arctic starting at ca. 3.3 Ma is consistent with the first occurrence of glacial periods and the finally complete establishment of glacial–interglacial cycles during the Quaternary.

scholarly journals Perspective Trends in the Design of Multifunctional Residential Units (MRUs) in the Russian Arctic: A discussion of potentials and challenges to their implementation

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 01036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya Dunichkin ◽  
Clarice Bleil de Souza ◽  
Konstantin Bogachev ◽  
Anna Korobeynikova ◽  
Natalia Shchekaturova
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
Residential Units ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Intensive Development ◽  
Design Construction

Intensive development is carried out in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) with complex modernization of transport networks and infrastructure of various types through the design, construction of Multifunctional Residential Unit (MRU) and the reconstruction of existing terminals and stations. The problem of developing new and reconstructing existing infrastructure in the Arctic has not only socio-economic, technological and planning components but fundamentally any development needs to account for extreme climatic conditions which affect urban conception and operation. This paper focuses on discussing important features of MRU developments. It shows examples of two case studies of MRU settlements considering the challenges involved in their design, further expanding the discussion in relation to the inclusion of green spaces in these settlements as well as in relation to safety and protection of pedestrians, moving between different buildings in ‘enclosed’ roads.

scholarly journals Regional unevenness of the summer warming in the continental Arctic as an indicator of natural boundaries of northern landscapes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-396
Author(s):  
T.B. Titkova ◽  
◽  
A.N. Zolotokrylin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Natural Zones ◽  
Summer Warming ◽  
Natural Boundaries ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Surface Vegetation

The authors have revealed the features of summer warming in different sectors of the Russian Arctic zone in the modern period and the near future. In connection with the considered features of the summer warming within 1991—2018, the researchers present a unique analysis of the inter-decade distribution of trends in the characteristics of the natural zones surface (vegetation index, total evapotranspiration, surface temperature, albedo). Changes in climatic conditions provide prerequisites for a change in the spectral characteristics of landscape zones, especially in the central sector of the Russian Arctic zone.

scholarly journals Analysis of the development and functional zoning of the Russian Arctic cities, identified by satellite imagery

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Range ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Functional Zoning ◽  
Industrial Zones ◽  
Spot 5 ◽  
The City

The paper deals with the study of the features of the developed areas and functional zoning of the largest Russian Arctic cities: Apatity, Vorkuta, Murmansk and Norilsk. The main data were images from SPOT-5 satellite (optical spectral range), Landsat 8 satellite (thermal spectral range) and masterplans of the studied cities, which were used for distinguishing the types of development. Images from the SPOT-5 satellite were used to reveal the urban development with its subsequent classification according to the type of use, and the functional zonation was corrected using the combination and generalization of the classes. Consideration of the thermal structure of urban areas in the analysis of their development and functional zoning allows us to identify features of urban space that are not visible in the optical range, important for assessing the city opportuneness for its inhabitants. It is revealed that the considered cities have many common characteristics. Thus, the area of industrial zones of all the cities beyond the Arctic Circle makes up a significant proportion - almost 50% of the territories. All industrial zones gravitate toward the city-forming enterprises, which is especially evident in the example of Norilsk. For most cities, a low proportion of natural and anthropogenic territories is common. In Apatity and Murmansk, this value is much higher than in the more eastern cities of the Polar region, because creation of parks in Vorkuta and Norilsk is difficult due to natural and climatic conditions. In the northern cities abandoned areas are spread, both former residential and industrial, which are especially numerous in Vorkuta. In the studied cities, a mid-rise and multi-storey type of development prevails, and there is practically no private sector with a private household, which is explained by the specific climatic conditions of the region.

scholarly journals Pliocene to Pleistocene climate and environmental history of Lake El'gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic, based on high-resolution inorganic geochemistry data

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 5899-5940 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Wennrich ◽  
P. S. Minyuk ◽  
V. Ya. Borkhodoev ◽  
A. Francke ◽  
B. Ritter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Far East ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Lake Productivity ◽  
The North ◽  
Lake El’Gygytgyn

Abstract. The 3.6 Ma sediment record of Lake El'gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic, represents the longest continuous climate archive of the terrestrial Arctic. Its elemental composition monitored by X-ray fluorescence scanning exhibits significant changes since the Mid-Pliocene caused by climate driven variations in the primary production, postsedimentary diagenetic processes, and current activity in the lake as well as weathering processes in its catchment. During the Mid to Late Pliocene, warmer and wetter climatic conditions are reflected by elevated Si / Ti ratios, indicating enhanced diatom production in the lake. Prior to 3.3 Ma, this signal is highly masked by intensified detrital input from the catchment, visible in maxima of clastic-related proxies such as the K concentration. In addition, calcite formation in the early lake history points to enhanced nutrient flux into the lake caused by intensified weathering in its catchment. Its termination at ca. 3.3 Ma is supposed to be linked to the development of permafrost in the region triggered by a first cooling in the Mid-Pliocene. After ca. 3.0 Ma the elemental data suggest a gradual transition to Quaternary-style glacial / interglacial cyclicity. In the early Pleistocene, the cyclicity was first dominated by variations on the 41 ka obliquity band but experienced a change to a 100 ka eccentricity dominance after the Middle Pleistocene Transition at ca. 1.2 to 0.7 Ma. This clearly demonstrates the sensitivity of the Lake El'gygytgyn record to orbital forcing. A successive decrease of the baseline-levels of the redox-sensitive Mn / Fe ratio and magnetic susceptibility between 2.3 to 1.8 Ma reflects an overall change in the bottom water oxygenation due to an intensified occurrence of pervasive glacial episodes in the early Quaternary. The coincidence with major changes in the North Pacific and Bering Sea paleoceanography at ca. 1.8 Ma implies that the change in lake hydrology was caused by regional cooling and/or changes in the ocean-land moisture transport. Further rising TOC and TN values after ca. 1.6 Ma are attributed to a progressive intensification of the glacial intensity. In the course of the Quaternary glacial/interglacial sequence eight so-called "super-interglacials" occur. Their exceptional warm conditions are reflected by extreme Si / Ti peaks accompanied by lows in Ti, K, and Fe, thus indicating an extraordinary high lake productivity.

Assessment of Dangerous Permafrost Processes in Urban Settlements of the Russian Arctic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Streletskiy ◽  
Valery Grebenets ◽  
Nadezhda Zamyatina
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Total Risk ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Integral Assessment ◽  
Basic Research Project

<p>Russian Arctic is characterized by developed infrastructure and high percentage of urban population on permafrost. The settlements on permafrost represent hot spots of permafrost transformations as rapidly changing climatic conditions are exacerbated by various types of human activities. To evaluate the exposure and risks of settlements to permafrost related dangerous processes, we selected several criteria, including geographic extent, duration, probability of occurrence, and total risk of damages associated with each permafrost process in 37 settlements located in various parts of the Russian Arctic. The following six types of potentially dangerous permafrost processes were considered: a) thermokarst, b) thermal erosion and thermal abrasion, c) frost heave, d) frost cracking, e) formation of icings, f) human-induced slope processes on permafrost. While risk from particular process was rather location specific, the integral assessment of all selected categories allowed to classify the overall exposure of settlements to permafrost processes. Results show that cities of Anadyr, Nadym and Kharp have rather small risk exposure, while cities of Igarka and Vorkuta have relatively high exposure. Bilibino and Norislk were among the cities having the highest overall exposure and potential risk associated with permafrost related processes considered in this study.  The research is supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research project 18-05-600888  “Urban Arctic resilience in the context of climate change and socio-economic transformations”.</p>

scholarly journals The role of wind energy in the socio-economic development of the Russian Arctic zone regions (on the example of the Murmansk region)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-457
Author(s):  
A.V. Bezhan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Current State ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
Educational Potential

The author provides information on the current state and prospects for the development of wind energy in the Murmansk region. He outlines the role of wind energy in the formation of conditions for the social and economic development of the region. The author proves that the Murmansk region has all the prerequisites to become a place for developing the most modern technologies for manufacturing key elements of wind turbines (WT) designed to operate in the harsh climatic conditions of the Russian Arctic zone (AZRF). The region can be a basic testing ground for the introduction and study of innovative technological solutions for the construction of WT, which in the future can be used throughout the AZRF. At the same time, the Murmansk region can be given a special place in the issue of training highly qualified specialists in the field of design, construction and operation of WT. In turn, the presence of a high scientific and educational potential in the Murmansk region will contribute to the success of these areas of development of the region.

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