scholarly journals Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Ecuadorian Citizens Abroad

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-146
Author(s):  
Consuelo Sánchez Bautista
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
General Review ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Diaspora Engagement ◽  
Central Social

AbstractThis chapter provides a general overview of the main characteristics of Ecuadorian emigration and describes the general institutional framework whereby Ecuadorian authorities interact with nationals abroad. It then presents a general review of the main engagement policies with the Ecuadorian diaspora. Lastly, it presents the central social protection-oriented diaspora engagement policies and services currently in force to protect nationals abroad, specifically those who live overseas permanently and those in vulnerable conditions. A particular focus is put on policies in the areas of unemployment, health care, pensions, family-related benefits, and economic hardship. Overall, the chapter shows that Ecuador’s policy towards citizens abroad is connected to a political shift in the country and to the new political discourse that appeared as of 2006.

scholarly journals Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Argentine Citizens Abroad

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-75
Author(s):  
Ana Margheritis
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Specific Policy ◽  
Diaspora Engagement ◽  
Over Time

AbstractArgentina has a relatively small diaspora and short experience engaging with it. This study explains the evolution of the institutional framework by which Argentina’s authorities interact with nationals abroad since early 2000s, with a specific focus on social protection. It shows that Argentina’s policies for citizens abroad have not institutionalised yet as a distinct and vibrant sphere of action and most initiatives have waxed and waned over time. As a result, Argentina’s lukewarm approach to diaspora engagement is characterised by ambivalence, intermittent and selective engagement, and relatively little development in terms of responding to social protection needs of nationals abroad. In the last few years, though, there has been an attempt to simplify bureaucratic procedures and improve services via virtual means. In particular, this chapter presents a detailed account of the policies, programmes and services offered by Argentine authorities across five specific policy areas: unemployment, health care, pensions, family-related benefits, and economic hardship. It shows that the area of social security and pensions is the most developed and that Argentines residing in MERCOSUR member states have benefited from the enactment of social and economic rights by regional accords.

scholarly journals Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Cypriot Citizens Abroad

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
Angeliki Konstantinidou
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Niche Area ◽  
Diaspora Engagement

Abstract The diaspora policies that Cyprus has implemented have been largely overlooked in the literature and in empirical studies. While several pieces of work have explored Cypriots abroad, there are no systematic studies that delve into the diaspora policies that the Cypriot government has put forward for non-resident nationals. Hence, this chapter aims to discuss the diaspora engagement policies that Cyprus implements at the economic, political, and socio-cultural levels, as well as to explain the Cypriot diaspora engagement based on the particular historical and political context of the country and the characteristics of its diaspora. In addition, the chapter sheds light on the niche area of social protection policies towards the Cypriot diaspora, with a particular focus on the policy areas of unemployment, health care, pensions, family-related benefits, and economic hardship.

scholarly journals Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Bulgarian Citizens Abroad

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-89
Author(s):  
Zvezda Vankova
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Specific Policy ◽  
Diaspora Policy

Abstract This chapter demonstrates that the Bulgarian diaspora policy is characterized by inconsistent implementation and dissonant institutional context. It is intertwined with the country’s migration policy which is focused, among other priorities, on attracting historic kin communities and Bulgarian emigrants, in order to overcome its demographic decline. Against this backdrop, the country lacks overall social protection policies towards Bulgarians abroad and prioritizes providing information rather than financial support. Firstly, the chapter presents the general institutional framework by which home country authorities interact with nationals abroad, as well as the main engagement policies with this population outside of the area of social protection. Secondly, the chapter focuses on the policies, programmes and services offered by home country authorities in response to social protection needs of Bulgarian nationals abroad across five specific policy areas: unemployment, health care, pensions, family-related benefits and economic hardship.

scholarly journals Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for French Citizens Abroad

2020 ◽  
pp. 193-206
Author(s):  
Jean-Thomas Arrighi ◽  
Jean-Michel Lafleur
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Family Benefits ◽  
European Standards

Abstract While predominantly a country of immigration, France also counts with a sizeable population of citizens abroad of around three million individuals (4% of the domestic population). This chapter provides a general overview of France’s diaspora institutions, consular policies and social protection policies for citizens abroad. It describes in detail expatriates’ conditions of eligibility and access to welfare in the areas of unemployment, health care, pensions, family benefits and economic hardship. It shows that France, by European standards, has a comparatively strong level of engagement with its expatriates, particularly in the areas of electoral rights, culture and social protection. This must be understood in the light of France’s colonial history, its continued ambition to be a global actor, and its well-developed domestic welfare state that has increasingly become de-territorialised.

scholarly journals Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Spanish Citizens Abroad

2020 ◽  
pp. 457-472
Author(s):  
Pau Palop-García
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Policy Strategy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1950S

Abstract This chapter outlines the social protection policies that Spain has adopted to target Spanish nationals abroad. First, it describes the diaspora infrastructure and the key engagement policies developed in the last years by Spain. Subsequently, the chapter focuses on five social protection policies: unemployment, health care, pensions, family-related benefits, and economic hardship. The findings reveal that Spain has adopted a diaspora strategy that targets different emigrant groups such as exiles of the Civil War and early Francoism and their descendants, Spaniards that emigrated to other European countries during the 1950s and 1960s, and new emigrants that left the country due to the consequences of the financial crisis of 2008. Findings also show that, although Spain has developed a wide array of services to target its diverse diaspora, it still lacks a comprehensive scheme of social protection abroad. Moreover, the results suggest that Spain has adopted a subsidiary social policy strategy abroad that is triggered when the social protection offered by states of reception is lacking.

scholarly journals Do EU Member States Care About their Diasporas’ Access to Social Protection? A Comparison of Consular and Diaspora Policies across EU27

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Jean-Michel Lafleur ◽  
Daniela Vintila
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Research Gap

Abstract Despite the growing literature on sending states’ engagement with their populations abroad, little is known so far about their role in helping the diaspora deal with social risks. As argued in this chapter, this is mainly because past studies on sending states’ policies and institutions for the diaspora have failed to systematically focus on social protection, while also ignoring that regional integration dynamics often constrain domestic responses to the welfare needs of nationals residing abroad. This volume aims to fill this research gap by comparatively examining the type of diaspora infrastructure through which EU Member States address the vulnerabilities faced by populations abroad in five core areas of social protection: health care, pensions, family, unemployment, and economic hardship. Drawing on data from two original surveys with national experts, we operationalize the concepts of descriptive infrastructure for non-residents (i.e. the presence of diaspora-related institutions) and substantive infrastructure (i.e. policies that provide and facilitate access to welfare for nationals abroad) in order to propose a new typology of states’ engagement with their diaspora in the area of social protection.

scholarly journals Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Polish Citizens Abroad

2020 ◽  
pp. 369-385
Author(s):  
Magdalena Lesińska ◽  
Izabela Wróbel
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Voting Rights ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Family Benefits

Abstract This chapter is devoted to case of Polish diaspora and current diaspora policies and social protection of Poles abroad. The first part presents the general overview of Polish diaspora and its diversification. The second part describes the institutional framework, general strategy and concrete activities the Polish state offers its citizens and persons of Polish origin residing abroad, such as voting rights, repatriation and return, and education. The main part of the chapter focuses on diaspora policies and social protection activities in five areas: unemployment, health care, pensions, family benefits and guaranteed minimum resources. Overall, we show that the main goal of Polish diaspora policies is to consolidate the diversified and dispersed Polish communities abroad and strengthen the cultural links with the country of origin. The priority of diaspora policies is thus to maintain national identity and promotion of Polish language and culture among Poles residing in other countries.

scholarly journals Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Lebanese Citizens Abroad

2020 ◽  
pp. 199-215
Author(s):  
Paul Tabar ◽  
Andrew Denison
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
International Conflict ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Parliamentary Election ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Diaspora Engagement ◽  
At Home

AbstractLebanon has experienced waves of emigration which has resulted in a substantial diaspora population. Economic difficulties at home and prospects for opportunity abroad, coupled with domestic or international conflict, have been the primary drivers of emigration. Lebanese authorities have established a number of diaspora institutions which have sought to engage with the diaspora primarily in economic terms. Principally, encouraging investment, trade and boosting tourism have been staples of diaspora engagement from the government. As Lebanon continues to move from crisis to crisis, key social protection areas (i.e. unemployment, health care, pensions, etc.) struggle to cover many Lebanese at home and are almost entirely absent for nationals abroad. It is often the economic remittances from the Lebanese diaspora which have provided a layer of social protection for many citizens in Lebanon. Furthermore, 2018 saw Lebanon’s first parliamentary election with the right of the Lebanese diaspora to vote in absentia. This will undoubtedly shift how the Lebanese government and the diaspora will interact and engage with each other in the future.

Health in Wartime Development and Postwar Visions, 1941–1952

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-108
Author(s):  
Luke Messac
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
World War ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Second World

Chapter 4 explores how changes in political discourse within metropolitan Britain during and immediately after the Second World War altered debates about colonial provision of medical services. Enthusiasm for social protection in Britain, and the crisis of legitimacy that the war brought to imperial officials, led to increased interest in—if not always spending on—health care for the colonies. Members of the Fabian Colonial Bureau and other influential voices in colonial circles began to call for an extension of the newly discovered social rights to British colonial subjects. In response, officials began to stress that Africans already had their own traditional forms of social protection, obviating the need for government expenditure. Colonial medical officers in Nyasaland continued to complain that health spending was not at all sufficient to meet the needs of the populace.

Beveridge, Bismarck and Southern European Health Care Systems: Can We Decide Which is the Best in EU-15? A Statistical Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Angeliki Moisidou
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Care Systems

A statistical analysis has been conducted with the aim to elucidate the effect of health care systems (HSs) on health inequalities assessed in terms of (a) differential access to health care services and (b) varying health outcomes among different models of HSs in EU-15 ((Beveridge: UK, IE, SE, FI, DK), (Bismarck: DE, FR, BE, LU, AT, NL), (Southern European model: GR, IT, ES, PT)). In the effort to interpret the results of the empirical analysis, we have ascertained systematic differences among the HSs in EU-15. Specifically, it is concluded that countries with Beveridge HS can be characterized more efficient (than average) in the most examined correlations, showing particularly high performance in the health sector. Similarly, countries with Bismarck HS record fairly satisfactory performance, but simultaneously they display more structural weaknesses compared with the Beveridge model. In addition, our empirical analysis has shown that adopting Bismarck model requires higher economic cost, compared with the Beveridge model, which is directly financed by taxation. On the contrary, in the countries with Southern European HS, the lowest performances are generally identified, which can be attributed to the residual social protection that characterizes these countries. The paper concludes with a synthesis of the empirical findings of our research. It proposes some directions for further research and presents a set of implications for policymakers regarding the planning and implementation of appropriate policies in order to tackle health inequality within HSs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document