scholarly journals Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Polish Citizens Abroad

2020 ◽  
pp. 369-385
Author(s):  
Magdalena Lesińska ◽  
Izabela Wróbel
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Voting Rights ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Family Benefits

Abstract This chapter is devoted to case of Polish diaspora and current diaspora policies and social protection of Poles abroad. The first part presents the general overview of Polish diaspora and its diversification. The second part describes the institutional framework, general strategy and concrete activities the Polish state offers its citizens and persons of Polish origin residing abroad, such as voting rights, repatriation and return, and education. The main part of the chapter focuses on diaspora policies and social protection activities in five areas: unemployment, health care, pensions, family benefits and guaranteed minimum resources. Overall, we show that the main goal of Polish diaspora policies is to consolidate the diversified and dispersed Polish communities abroad and strengthen the cultural links with the country of origin. The priority of diaspora policies is thus to maintain national identity and promotion of Polish language and culture among Poles residing in other countries.

scholarly journals Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for French Citizens Abroad

2020 ◽  
pp. 193-206
Author(s):  
Jean-Thomas Arrighi ◽  
Jean-Michel Lafleur
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Family Benefits ◽  
European Standards

Abstract While predominantly a country of immigration, France also counts with a sizeable population of citizens abroad of around three million individuals (4% of the domestic population). This chapter provides a general overview of France’s diaspora institutions, consular policies and social protection policies for citizens abroad. It describes in detail expatriates’ conditions of eligibility and access to welfare in the areas of unemployment, health care, pensions, family benefits and economic hardship. It shows that France, by European standards, has a comparatively strong level of engagement with its expatriates, particularly in the areas of electoral rights, culture and social protection. This must be understood in the light of France’s colonial history, its continued ambition to be a global actor, and its well-developed domestic welfare state that has increasingly become de-territorialised.

scholarly journals Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Ireland

2020 ◽  
pp. 225-239
Author(s):  
Mel Cousins
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Protection Policy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Care Family ◽  
Family Benefits ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This chapter focuses on the link between migration and social protection in Ireland. The chapter has two main goals. First, it presents the general legal framework regulating the social protection system in Ireland, paying particular attention to any potential differences in terms of conditions of access to social benefits between national residents, non-national residents, and non-resident nationals. Secondly, the chapter discusses how these different groups of individuals access social benefits across five policy areas: unemployment, health care, family benefits, pensions, and guaranteed minimum resources. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the relationship between migration and social protection policy.

scholarly journals Access to Social Protection by Immigrants, Emigrants and Resident Nationals in Turkey

2020 ◽  
pp. 389-400
Author(s):  
Mehmet Fatih Aysan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
The Social ◽  
Care Family ◽  
Social Security Reforms ◽  
Family Benefits ◽  
Family Allowances

AbstractThis chapter scrutinises the social protection system in contemporary Turkey in order to examine how different groups of individuals access social benefits across five main policy areas—unemployment, health care, family allowances, pensions, and guaranteed minimum resources. The general conditions under which Turkish citizens and foreigners have access to social benefits in Turkey can be summarized as follows: (i) residence and employment status are important determinants of one’s access to social protection in Turkey; (ii) employment status generally determines the access to unemployment benefits, health care, pensions, and family benefits, while residence status is important for all social policy areas except pensions; (iii) a majority of social benefits provided for Turkish citizens are also available for foreign residents through their employment status; (iv) guaranteed income is granted based on residence in Turkey; (v) access to family benefits may vary depending on one’s occupation, residence, and nationality. The Turkish system of social protection is a fragmented one, with divisions based on occupational differences, residence, income level, and citizenship. This fragmented nature coupled with regional and global socio-economic risks (particularly large migration flows) make structural social security reforms inevitable in contemporary Turkey.

scholarly journals Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Senegalese Citizens Abroad

2020 ◽  
pp. 289-304
Author(s):  
Etienne Smith
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
External Voting ◽  
Care Family ◽  
Family Benefits ◽  
The Government

AbstractThis chapter presents the main areas of engagement of the state of Senegal with its diaspora. In the first part, it looks at the main institutions and policies geared towards the diaspora. In the second part, the chapter focuses specifically on diaspora policies in the area of social protection (unemployment, health care, family benefits, pensions, guaranteed minimum resources). If Senegal falls in the category of pioneer countries for some aspects of emigration policies (ministerial institutions, external voting, political representation), its policy for the diaspora in the field of social protection is rather scanty. As a developing country facing many structural economic issues, scaling up social protection in the homeland remains the top priority for the Government, relegating social protection for the diaspora as a secondary policy concern for now. Recent governmental policies towards the diaspora have focused primarily on tapping the resources of the diaspora in order to increase its contribution to economic development and facilitate productive investment by Senegalese abroad in their home country.

scholarly journals Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Italy

2020 ◽  
pp. 241-256
Author(s):  
William Chiaromonte
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Security System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Migration History ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
Family Benefits ◽  
The One

Abstract This chapter presents the main characteristics of the Italian social security system, on the one hand, and Italian migration history and key policy developments, on the other hand, in order to analyze the principal eligibility conditions for accessing social benefits (unemployment, health care, pensions, family benefits and guaranteed minimum resources) for national residents, non-national residents and non-resident nationals.

scholarly journals Access to Social Protection by Immigrants, Emigrants and Resident Nationals in Lebanon

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-198
Author(s):  
Paul Tabar ◽  
Andrew Denison ◽  
Maha Alkhomassy
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Social Security Fund ◽  
Security Fund ◽  
Family Benefits ◽  
National Social Security Fund

AbstractAlthough Lebanese social protection schemes are heavily fragmented, the National Social Security Fund (NSSF) is the primary provider of end-of-service indemnity, health care and family benefits. However, only Lebanese who are formally employed or foreigners originating from countries which provide equal or better social protection to Lebanese citizens are eligible to enrol in the fund according to the 1963 Social Security Law. Those not enrolled must often rely on ad hoc social protection services provided by non-governmental or international organisations to obtain (limited) social services. Migrants, including Palestinians, Sri Lankans, Indonesians and Syrians are particularly vulnerable as they are ineligible to enrol in the NSSF. Also, Lebanese nationals residing abroad are ineligible to obtain benefits from the National Social Security Fund.

scholarly journals Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Lithuania

2020 ◽  
pp. 271-284
Author(s):  
Romas Lazutka ◽  
Jekaterina Navicke
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Welfare System ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Population Migration ◽  
Care Family ◽  
Family Benefits

Abstract This chapter aims to discuss the link between migration and welfare in Lithuania. We start with presentation of the main characteristics of the Lithuanian welfare system emphasizing the access to social benefits for resident nationals, non-national residents, and non-resident nationals. Later we examine key developments of population migration to and from Lithuania. Finally, we present a detailed analysis of five social policy schemes - unemployment, health care, family benefits, pensions, and guaranteed minimum resources – from the perspective of access to social benefits of these different groups.

scholarly journals Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Zvezda Vankova ◽  
Dragomir Kolev Draganov
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Welfare System ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Migration History ◽  
Care Family ◽  
Family Benefits

Abstract This chapter aims to discuss the link between migration and welfare in Bulgaria. Firstly, it presents the main characteristics of the Bulgarian welfare system and discusses access to social benefits for resident and non-resident nationals, and resident non-nationals. Secondly, it examines Bulgaria’s migration history and key migration policy developments. Finally, the chapter provides a detailed analysis of access to social benefits of these different groups across five policy areas – unemployment, health care, family benefits, pensions, and guaranteed minimum resources – and the links to Bulgaria’s migration policy.

scholarly journals Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Czech Citizens Abroad

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-141
Author(s):  
Eva Janská ◽  
Kristýna Janurová
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Voting Rights ◽  
Educational Policies ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
The Past ◽  
Policy Structure

Abstract The Czech diaspora counts approximately 2.5 million people with Czech origins, including some 912,000 people born in Czechia. Although the diaspora has not been of crucial concern to Czech authorities and political parties in the past decades, a greater interest can be seen in recent years. This chapter is a first attempt at presenting a consolidated overview of the institutional and policy structure towards the Czech diaspora in various areas, showing that Czechia’s engagement with its nationals abroad centers on cultural and educational policies and involves an extension of voting rights, while consular services are conventional and social protection is considered to be primarily the task of the migrants’ host countries. Some exceptions are noted in the areas of health care and pensions. This is being explained by the fact that emigration has not been perceived as a threat to the Czech economy in the past few decades, and the observation that many of the policies introduced came out from bottom-up efforts.

scholarly journals Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Ecuadorian Citizens Abroad

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-146
Author(s):  
Consuelo Sánchez Bautista
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
General Review ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Diaspora Engagement ◽  
Central Social

AbstractThis chapter provides a general overview of the main characteristics of Ecuadorian emigration and describes the general institutional framework whereby Ecuadorian authorities interact with nationals abroad. It then presents a general review of the main engagement policies with the Ecuadorian diaspora. Lastly, it presents the central social protection-oriented diaspora engagement policies and services currently in force to protect nationals abroad, specifically those who live overseas permanently and those in vulnerable conditions. A particular focus is put on policies in the areas of unemployment, health care, pensions, family-related benefits, and economic hardship. Overall, the chapter shows that Ecuador’s policy towards citizens abroad is connected to a political shift in the country and to the new political discourse that appeared as of 2006.

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