Issue Competition in a Globalized World: The Causes of Cross-National Similarities and Differences in the Issue Content of Party Politics

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-94
Author(s):  
Christoffer Green-Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Party Politics ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Issue Competition ◽  
Issue Content ◽  
Cross National

Group membership and radicalization: A cross-national investigation of collective self-esteem underlying extremism

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1230-1248
Author(s):  
Simon Ozer ◽  
Milan Obaidi ◽  
Stefan Pfattheicher
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Collective Self ◽  
Mitigating Factors ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Collective Self Esteem ◽  
Cross National

Uncertainty, perceived threats, and a generally insecure life attachment have been associated with endorsement of extremism. Furthermore, salient identification with a group can influence radicalized ways of addressing insecure life attachment through an established and sometimes extreme worldview and ideology. In the present study, we replicated the finding that an insecure life attachment is associated with a higher degree of extremism endorsement. Furthermore, we found similarities and differences in how this association was influenced by various aspects of group membership across dissimilar contexts and among majority and minority groups (e.g., Muslims and non-Muslims) from Denmark ( n = 223), India ( n = 147), and the United Kingdom ( n = 225). Consequently, our results indicate that general social psychological processes underlie radicalization and that different aspects of collective self-esteem can be central promoting or mitigating factors. Overall, our findings suggest an important interplay among life attachment, collective self-esteem, and extremism across Western and non-Western majority and minority groups.

scholarly journals Do First-Movers in Marketing Sustainable Products Enjoy Sustainable Advantages? A Seven-Country Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haili Zhang ◽  
Michael Song
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Product Introduction ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Sustainable Products ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
First Mover ◽  
Cross National

The literature suggests that first-movers enjoy sustainable competitive advantages but suffer some disadvantages. The timing of new product introduction is a major decision for executives who are concerned about sustainability issues. These executives must simultaneously strive for environmental protection, social welfare, the timing of product introduction, and the economic viability of decisions. However, few academic studies have examined how executives balance sustainable first-mover advantages and sustainable development goals in order to achieve sustainable organizational growth and performance. This study develops nine research hypotheses to examine what sustainable advantages first-movers gain by being first to market sustainable products in five industries that are important for advancing sustainable development goals. Using data collected from 1437 executives who are concerned about sustainability issues in seven countries, this study uses Duncan multiple-range tests to examine cross-national similarities and differences between Asian and Western countries. The study results reveal some interesting cross-national similarities and differences. The cross-national differences suggest some competing and signaling strategies for sustainable enterprise development. This study contributes to the existing cross-national research on first-mover advantages, provides a richer understanding of how executives who are concerned about sustainability issues perceive sustainability first-mover advantages and disadvantages, and further expands the theory of sustainable innovation and entrepreneurship.

The Cooperative Resolution of Policy Conflict

1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Quirk
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Party Politics ◽  
Policy Conflict ◽  
Policy Conflicts ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
Process Issue ◽  
Issue Content

I develop an approach for analyzing the conditions for cooperative resolution of policy conflict. I analyze certain policy conflicts as bargaining situations, with opportunity for cooperation, among opposing issue factions. As a framework for analysis, I present an informal game-theoretic interpretation of nonzero-sum policy conflict. With that foundation, I derive implications about the conditions for cooperative outcomes with respect to several aspects of the policy process: issue content, the structure of conflict, leadership, party politics, and political institutions.

scholarly journals A Cross-National Study on the Perception of Algorithm News in the East and the West

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-101
Author(s):  
Donghee Shin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Study ◽  
The West ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
News Services ◽  
Cross National

Although algorithms have been widely used to deliver useful services, how users actually experience algorithm-driven news remains unclear. This study examines user attitude and perception of algorithmic journalism and identifies the similarities and differences in experience and satisfaction formation. A comparative study between the United States (U.S.) and South Korea was conducted to examine how the two countries' users experience the quality of algorithm-driven news services and how individuals perceive the topics of fairness, accountability, and transparency. The notable similarities and differences are found by performing a comparison of cognitive processes. The major attitudes toward algorithm news are similar between the two countries, although the weights placed on the qualities differ. South Korean users put more weight on performance qualities, and U.S. users place relatively greater emphasis on procedural features. Different patterns of algorithm news experience imply the contextual nature of algorithm: how users perceive and feel about topics in algorithm news and how they use and engage with algorithm news depend on the context where the experience is taking place. The analysis suggests the importance of user-perceived issues and the contextual nature of such issues.

scholarly journals The composition of grandparent childcare: gendered patterns in cross-national perspective

2018 ◽  
pp. 151-170
Author(s):  
Lyn Craig ◽  
Myra Hamilton ◽  
Judith E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Family Policy ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Policy Regimes ◽  
Employment Patterns ◽  
Childcare Time ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Gendered Patterns ◽  
National Perspective ◽  
Time Use Surveys ◽  
Cross National

Grandparents are important providers of childcare while their adult children participate in work and other activities. The literature suggests that grandmothers are more likely than grandfathers to provide care for their grandchildren, and that the prevalence and intensity of grandparent childcare provision varies by country. But research is lacking on the composition of grandparent childcare time, and whether this varies across countries. What patterns do we see in the gendered distribution of childcare tasks among grandparents? To what extent does this vary across countries with different employment patterns, family policy regimes and norms of familial obligation? Using Time Use Surveys of Australia, Korea, Italy and France this chapter will explore how grandparents are spending their time with grandchildren. It reveals cross-national similarities and differences in the gendered distribution and relative composition of care and discusses the implications for grandmothers and grandfathers in the four different welfare regimes.

Issue competition in five countries: snakes in a tunnel

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-112
Author(s):  
Emiliano Grossman ◽  
Isabelle Guinaudeau
Keyword(s):  
Party Competition ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Electoral Campaigns ◽  
The Core ◽  
Party Manifestos ◽  
Issue Attention ◽  
Project Data ◽  
Issue Competition ◽  
Issue Content ◽  
The Way

What determines the issue content of party competition? The extant literature is torn between issue ownership theories predicting contrasted partisan profiles and more strategic views of electoral platforms emphasizing parties’ incentives to converge on the priorities with the greatest payoffs. This chapter argues that parties are like snakes in tunnels: this metaphor conceptualizes parties’ incentives to emphasize contrasted issues to stay true to their identity and past priorities (the ‘snake’ component) as well as constraints exerted on those efforts by political opponents and context (the ‘tunnel’). Parties need to accommodate emerging problems and their competitors’ strategies, resulting in considerable cross-partisan overlap. Utilizing analyses of Comparative Agendas Project data on issue attention in party manifestos, plus qualitative observations on single electoral campaigns and how parties ‘steal’ issues from each other, the chapter discusses the potential implications of our observations for the way elections influence policies, a topic at the core of the next chapter.

scholarly journals The party politics of Euroscepticism in times of crisis: The case of Greece

Politics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Vasilopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
Party Politics ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Issue Salience ◽  
National Politics ◽  
New Parties ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Electoral Success ◽  
Issue Competition ◽  
Of Greece

This article traces the trajectory of party Euroscepticism in Greece drawing upon theories of issue competition. It demonstrates that the economic dimension of the multiple crises facing the European Union (EU) contributed to a Eurosceptic shift in public opinion, the electoral success of Eurosceptic parties, new parties populating the Europhile end of the spectrum, and the formation of a coalition government united not by ideological affinity but by a common Eurosceptic and anti-austerity agenda. Mainstream parties maintained their pro-EU agendas and challenger parties offered both pro- and anti-EU policy options to the electorate. The prospect of power resulted in the progressive softening of Euroscepticism among challenger parties. EU issue salience was relatively high across the party system and remained so during the crisis. Although Greek parties justified their pro- and anti-EU attitudes using a number of frames, economic arguments were prevalent at the height of the crisis and challenger parties of the left intensified their claims of the EU interfering in national politics. The findings have implications for our understanding of the evolving nature of Euroscepticism and the ways in which it may feature in domestic party politics.

The Issue Incentive Model of Party System Attention

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
Christoffer Green-Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
Niche Parties ◽  
Incentive Model ◽  
Issue Attention ◽  
Setting Theory ◽  
Issue Competition ◽  
Issue Content

This chapter presents the ‘issue incentive model of party system attention’. This model uses the issue competition literature and policy agenda-setting theory as a platform for building a theoretical framework with individual issues as analytical points of departure, and at the same time, the model focuses on explaining the entire issue agenda and not just individual issues. The issue incentive model explains the issue content of party politics through the incentives that different issues offer to large, mainstream parties. The concept of the party system agenda is a key element in the framework as it is the dependent variable. The model is not focused on explaining party attention at a particular time such as during an election campaign, for instance; focus here is on attention in the medium term such as a decade. The concept of the party system agenda highlights the interaction among political parties and their shared perceptions of which issues are important. The incentives for large, mainstream parties with regard to a particular issue are argued to be decisive; partly because large, mainstream parties are much more flexible in terms of issue attention than niche parties are, and partly because the largest parties traditionally dominate government formation and thus politics. Furthermore, three types of incentives are argued to be particularly decisive for whether large, mainstream parties want to pay attention to an issue: issue characteristics, issue ownership, and coalition considerations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document