scholarly journals Introduction: Disordered Mood as Historical Problem

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Åsa Jansson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Medical Statistics ◽  
New Model ◽  
The Core ◽  
Psychological Medicine ◽  
History Of

Abstract The introduction situates the narrative of this book—the reconceptualisation of melancholia in nineteenth-century psychiatry—firstly in the context of current attempts to ‘resurrect’ melancholia as a psychiatric diagnosis, secondly in relation to the history of melancholia more broadly, and finally in the context of past and present debates about classification in psychiatry. The core argument of the book is briefly outlined: in the nineteenth century, melancholia was reconfigured as a modern biomedical disorder of emotion. Two developments in particular were foundational to this new model of melancholia. The first was the uptake of physiological language and concepts into psychological medicine. The second was the institutionalisation of medical statistics together with a standardisation of asylum recording practices.

scholarly journals History of Music as a System Object: View from the Nineteenth Century (Based on the Works of Alexander Nikolaevich Serov)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.И. Дегтярева
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
The Core ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

Музыка как искусство, идущее «параллельно с высшими судьбами цивилизации», музыкознание как система дисциплин, историзм как фундаментальная категория и как основа музыкального образования — эти представления составляют ядро музыкально-педагогических и научных воззрений Александра Николаевича Серова. В их совокупности отражается прогностический характер методологических установок выдающегося музыканта, ставших основным предметом обсуждения в настоящей статье. Music as an art, going “in parallel with the highest destinies of civilization”, musicology as a system of disciplines, historicism as a fundamental category and as the basis of music education — these ideas form the core of Serov’s musical, pedagogical and scientific views. As a whole they reflect the prognostic nature of methodological guidelines of the outstanding musician, which is the main subject of discussion in this article.

Victorian Social Science: From Singular to Plural*

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Christian Belief ◽  
New Model ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of Social Science ◽  
History Of

This chapter provides an overview of the history of social science in Britain and the ways in which it was institutionalised in the nineteenth century. Nineteenth-century social science was the product of three great changes, intellectual, material and spiritual. The European Enlightenment stimulated the development of and institutionalisation of the natural sciences, creating a new model for the study of human societies. The material changes include the expansion of population, growth of industries and manufacturing and development of mass culture and democracy. Rationalism and industrialisation caused the third change, the decline of conventional Christian belief and worship. The chapter also analyses the ‘statistical movement’, a dominant genre of social science up to 1860, and social evolution, which provided the leading paradigm for sociological thinking from the mid-century onwards.

Popular Sovereignty versus State Sovereignty: Haiti, Popular Equality and the Birth of the Neocolonial State

2021 ◽  
pp. 002190962110558
Author(s):  
Michael Neocosmos
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Global South ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Core ◽  
Saint Domingue ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Core Characteristics

Through a review of the two works below, I discuss how the Saint Domingue/Haiti Revolutions clarify the history of the opposition between popular sovereignty and state sovereignty. The people and the state developed as distinct political actors throughout the nineteenth century in particular. The former constructed a completely new society founded on egalitarian norms influenced by African cultures. The latter failed to establish its sovereignty and reverted to a colonial form, thus illustrating the core characteristics of the neocolonial state now widespread in the Global South in general and in Africa in particular.

Fanatical Hatred or Brotherly Love? Rethinking E. A. Freeman’s Feud with J. A. Froude

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Hesketh
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Methodology ◽  
The Core ◽  
History Of

When J. A. Froude published his articles on Thomas Becket in the Nineteenth Century (1877), he found himself attacked again by his nemesis E. A. Freeman, who published a 100-page review, concluding that Froude’s history of Becket was in fact a fiction. It has been argued that such criticisms were motivated by the professionalising historian’s need to exclude the literary and artistic Froude from a discipline seeking to promote its newly adopted scientific methodology. But the nature of Freeman’s review of Froude’s ‘Becket’ suggests that there was something deeply personal at the core of Freeman’s vitriol, originating not in a methodological dispute but rather in ecclesiastical debates that embroiled Oxford life while both Froude and Freeman were students and later fellows there almost 30 years before, when a very different history of Becket was first published.

Women, Citizenship, and Sexuality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie C. Hawthorne
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
National Belonging ◽  
The Core ◽  
Gay Male ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Natalie Barney ◽  
Expatriate Women

Until well into the twentieth century, the claims to citizenship of women in the US and in Europe have come through men (father, husband); women had no citizenship of their own. The case studies of three expatriate women (Renée Vivien, Romaine Brooks, and Natalie Barney) illustrate some of the consequences for women who lived independent lives. To begin with, the books traces the way that ideas about national belonging shaped gay male identity in the nineteenth century, before showing that such a discourse was not available to women and lesbians, including the three women who form the core of the book. In addition to questions of sexually non-conforming identity, women's mediated claim to citizenship limited their autonomy in practical ways (for example, they could be unilaterally expatriated). Consequently, the situation of the denizen may have been preferable to that of the citizen for women who lived between the lines. Drawing on the discourse of jurisprudence, the history of the passport, and original archival research on all three women, the books tells the story of women's evolving claims to citizenship in their own right.

Transplant or graft? Hroch and the Mexican patriotic movements

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 793-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henio Hoyo
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
New Spain ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Core ◽  
Colonial Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Way

In his highly influential work on the “small,” stateless European nations, Hroch seems to assume that patriotic movements have a homogeneous view about the core relations or “ties” that constitute and identify their nations. This assumption seems generally correct for the cases Hroch studies. However, is it correct if applied to the study of those patriotic movements developing in comparatively larger, heterogeneous and underdeveloped societies, comprising several ethnic groups bound together by the colonialist rule of an autocratic empire? I argue that, while the colonial experience can lead to the creation of some ties among the dominated populations, it also affects the way patriotic movements perceive their own nations. As a result, the phase of patriotic agitation can involve diverse movements addressing the same nation, but each having a particular view on the features and history of it. Such contested patriotic doctrines can lead to very important variations in the political agendas and goals of those movements, especially when they reach the mass phase. To exemplify this, the nineteenth century movements in New Spain/Mexico will be used as an example.

A history of some fruit models in wax and other materials: scientific teaching aids and courtly table decorations

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-JüRgen Lechtreck
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Teaching Aids ◽  
Scientific Teaching ◽  
Glass Marble ◽  
History Of ◽  
By Products ◽  
Wax Models

Two early nineteenth century texts treating the production and use of wax models of fruit reveal the history of these objects in the context of courtly decoration. Both sources emphasise the models' decorative qualities and their suitability for display, properties which were not simply by-products of the realism that the use of wax allowed. Thus, such models were not regarded merely as visual aids for educational purposes. The artists who created them sought to entice collectors of art and natural history objects, as well as teachers and scientists. Wax models of fruits are known to have been collected and displayed as early as the seventeenth century, although only one such collection is extant. Before the early nineteenth century models of fruits made from wax or other materials (glass, marble, faience) were considered worthy of display because contemporaries attached great importance to mastery of the cultivation and grafting of fruit trees. This skill could only be demonstrated by actually showing the fruits themselves. Therefore, wax models made before the early nineteenth century may also be regarded as attempts to preserve natural products beyond the point of decay.

Adam Zalužanský’s “De sexu plantarum” (1592): an early pioneering chapter on plant sexuality

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Funk
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
English Translation ◽  
History Of Botany ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Botanical History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time

In the history of botany, Adam Zalužanský (d. 1613), a Bohemian physician, apothecary, botanist and professor at the University of Prague, is a little-known personality. Linnaeus's first biographers, for example, only knew Zalužanský from hearsay and suspected he was a native of Poland. This ignorance still pervades botanical history. Zalužanský is mentioned only peripherally or not at all. As late as the nineteenth century, a researcher would be unaware that Zalužanský’s main work Methodi herbariae libri tres actually existed in two editions from two different publishers (1592, Prague; 1604, Frankfurt). This paper introduces the life and work of Zalužanský. Special attention is paid to the chapter “De sexu plantarum” of Zalužanský’s Methodus, in which, more than one hundred years before the well-known De sexu plantarum epistola of R. J. Camerarius, the sexuality of plants is suggested. Additionally, for the first time, an English translation of Zalužanský’s chapter on plant sexuality is provided.

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