scholarly journals Broadening the Objectives of Future Potassium Recommendations

2020 ◽  
pp. 385-415
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Volenec ◽  
Sylvie M. Brouder ◽  
T. Scott Murrell
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Fungal Associations ◽  
K Fertilization

AbstractPotassium (K) fertilizer recommendations for annual crops in the USA are generally founded in soil test results. The goal of this chapter is to highlight additional plant-related traits that may impact crop responses to K fertilization. This includes the role of tissue testing, the influence of luxury consumption, genetic improvement of K use efficiency, genotype × environment × management interactions on K uptake and yield, response to foliar K fertilization, intraplant K cycling, fungal associations and K uptake, the influence of K on crop quality, and the role of K in abiotic stress tolerance. Recognizing the potential role of these plant factors may help reconcile response inconsistencies based solely on soil test information, and improve future K recommendations. Finally, we hope to highlight knowledge gaps and opportunities for additional integrated soil–plant K research.

scholarly journals Foliar Potassium Fertilizer Additives Affect Soybean Response and Weed Control with Glyphosate

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Nelson ◽  
Peter P. Motavalli ◽  
William E. Stevens ◽  
John A. Kendig ◽  
David Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Test K

Research in 2004 and 2005 determined the effects of foliar-applied K-fertilizer sources (0-0-62-0 (%N-%P2O5-%K2O-%S), 0-0-25-17, 3-18-18-0, and 5-0-20-13) and additive rates (2.2, 8.8, and 17.6 kg K ha−1) on glyphosate-resistant soybean response and weed control. Field experiments were conducted at Novelty and Portageville with high soil test K and weed populations and at Malden with low soil test K and weed populations. At Novelty, grain yield increased with fertilizer additives at 8.8 kg K ha−1in a high-yield, weed-free environment in 2004, but fertilizer additives reduced yield up to 470 kg ha−1in a low-yield year (2005) depending on the K source and rate. At Portageville, K-fertilizer additives increased grain yield from 700 to 1160 kg ha−1compared to diammonium sulfate, depending on the K source and rate. At Malden, there was no yield response to K sources. Differences in leaf tissue K(P=0.03), S(P=0.03), B(P=0.0001), and Cu(P=0.008)concentrations among treatments were detected 14 d after treatment at Novelty and Malden. Tank mixtures of K-fertilizer additives with glyphosate may provide an option for foliar K applications.

Yield response of barley and rapeseed to K fertilizer: Influence of soil test K level and method of placement

1993 ◽  
Vol 24 (17-18) ◽  
pp. 2271-2280 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
M. Nyborg ◽  
D. C. Penney ◽  
L. Kryzanowski ◽  
J. A. Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Method Of Placement ◽  
Soil Test K

scholarly journals Potassium fertilization: paradox or K management dilemma?

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bar-Yosef ◽  
H. Magen ◽  
A.E. Johnston ◽  
E.A. Kirkby
Keyword(s):  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
K Fertilization ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIn 2014, Khan et al. presented evidence that soil exchangeable K (Exch-K) increases over time without addition of potassium (K) to the soil despite the removal of K in crops on a soil rich in montmorillonite and illite. The authors term this behavior ‘The potassium paradox’. From their review of the literature, the authors also report a lack of crop response to potassium chloride (KCl) fertilization. Close evaluation of these findings reveals that their observations can be interpreted and predicted using current knowledge of K in soil chemistry and its uptake by plants, and there is no paradox in K behavior in the soil–plant system. There is also no evidence of a detrimental effect of KCl on crop yield or quality. Their conclusion that the widely used Exch-K soil test is inadequate for managing K fertilization is discussed and some possible modifications to improve its performance are included. We believe that measurement of Exch-K is an essential and valuable tool and its use should be continued, along with improvements in recommending K fertilizer application.

Abiotic stress tolerance of kikuyu (Cenchrus clandestinus) and some related grasses and potential of kikuyu for agricultural and urban environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Fraser ◽  
Peter Sharp ◽  
Nabil Ahmad ◽  
Brett Morris ◽  
Richard Trethowan
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Forming Characteristics ◽  
Noxious Weed

The introduction of kikuyu (Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Chiov.) Morrone) into Australia in 1918 has seen it become established and adapted to several geographic regions in a wide range of ecologies and environmental situations. After it naturalised to local conditions, researchers and farmers recognised the value of kikuyu in marginal and previously unproductive sites, where forage quality and quantity made this species popular with dairy farmers and pastoralists. Its versatility and prostrate, mat-forming characteristics also led to the adoption of kikuyu by local governments, homeowners and sporting organisations in urban environments as turf. Kikuyu has the ability to alleviate soil contamination and remediate soils, thus enhancing the use of previously unproductive land. However, the aggressive growth habit of the species, considered a problem in certain regions of the world, has led to a noxious weed classification in some states of the USA. This review includes information on expected changes to world agricultural and urban environments and the potential expanded role of kikuyu. The origin of kikuyu grass, genetic variability, tolerances to soil salinity and drought, and potential for genetic improvement are also discussed.

Response of `Spineless Beauty' Zucchini (Cucurbita sp.) to Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Fertilization

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 445d-445
Author(s):  
J. Pablo Morales-Payan
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Fruit Harvest ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
K Fertilization

Field trials were conducted in Nigua, San Cristobal, Dominican Republic, to determine the yield response of `Spineless Beauty' zucchini (Cucurbita sp.) to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) soil applications in a loamy clay soil containing 4.3% organic matter, 3 parts per million (ppm) of P, and 155 ppm of K. Zucchini was direct-seeded at a distance of 1 m between rows and 0.5 m within rows. Except for N, P, and K fertilization, the crop was grown according to recommended practices. A factorial design (4 × 4 × 4) with four replications was utilized. Rates of N, P, and K were 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg·ha–1, applied as a side dressing 7 days after zucchini emergence. Zucchini fruit harvest started 40 days after crop emergence and every other day thereafter during 20 days. Analysis of variance was performed on the resulting data. Results indicate that there were significant interactions of N, P, and K fertilizer rates on `Spineless Beauty' fruit yield; therefore, nutrient combinations were considered as individual treatments. Significantly superior (lsd 5%) fruit yield was obtained with 150, 150, and 50 kg·ha–1 N, P, and K, respectively.

scholarly journals Essential Role of Potassium in Apple and Its Implications for Management of Orchard Fertilization

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2624
Author(s):  
Andrei Kuzin ◽  
Alexei Solovchenko
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
K Fertilization

K (K) is of paramount importance for apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.), not only for tree growth and development but also for the size and quality of fruit yield. The apple plant’s demand for K varies, along with the progression of phenological phases, during the growing season. The K demand peaks during ripening of fruits featuring relatively high concentration of K comparable to that of the leaves. The mainstream method of apple tree K fertilization is through application of the fertilizer to the soils to improve K uptake by the roots. The bioavailability of K depends on assorted various factors, including pH, interaction with other nutrients in soil solution, temperature, and humidity. An important role in making the K from soil available for uptake by plants is played by plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM), and the specific role of the PGPM is discussed. Advantages of fertigation (the combination of irrigation and fertilization) as an approach include allowing to balance application rate of K fertilizer against its variable demand by plants during the growing season. Excess K in the soil leads to competitive inhibition of calcium uptake by plants. The K-dependent deficiency of Ca leads to its predominant channeling to the leaves and hence to its decline in fruits. Consequently, the apple fruits affected by the K/Ca imbalance frequently develop physiological disorders in storage. This emphasizes the importance of the balanced K application, especially during the last months of the growing season, depending on the crop load and the actual K demand. The potential use of modern approaches to automated crop load estimation through machine vision for adjustment of K fertilization is underlined.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF FIVE LETTUCE TYPES TO K FERTILIZERS ON HISTOSOLS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 665b-665
Author(s):  
N.M. El-Hout ◽  
C.A. Sanchez ◽  
S. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Nutrient Element ◽  
Optimal Production ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Southern Florida ◽  
K Fertilization

Potassium is often considered the nutrient element most limiting to crop production on organic soils. On Histosols in southern Florida, K2SO4, rather than KCl, is often used for lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) production to minimize the risk of salt injury. However, recent soil-test calibration research suggests that current K fertilizer recommendations for lettuce may be too high. Four field studies were conducted from 1989 to 1991 to evaluate the response of five lettuce types to K rate and source. The five lettuce types evaluated were leaf, bibb, boston, romaine (cos), and crisphead. Two sources of fertilizer K (K2SO4 and KCl) were evaluated at rates ranging from 0 to 600 kg K ha-1. Lettuce showed a minimal or no response to K fertilization. Potassium chloride had detrimental effects on lettuce only when applied at rates in excess of those required for optimal production. These studies showed that K fertilizer recommendations for lettuce produced on Histosols in Florida can be reduced. Furthermore, KCl, a more economical source, is suitable when the K is applied at appropriate rates.

Interaction of the rate of P and K fertilization on the yield response of three forage legume species

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 877-880
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
R. W. Sheard
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Response Surface Model ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
K Fertilization

A response surface model was used to study the interaction between the rate of P and K fertilization on yield of three legume forage crops: alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). The results suggest that the soil test calibration recommendations developed for P or K on forage legumes are relatively insensitive to the rate of the other nutrient applied. Key words: Alfalfa, red clover, trefoil, soil test calibration, response surface model

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