Abiotic stress tolerance of kikuyu (Cenchrus clandestinus) and some related grasses and potential of kikuyu for agricultural and urban environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Fraser ◽  
Peter Sharp ◽  
Nabil Ahmad ◽  
Brett Morris ◽  
Richard Trethowan
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Forming Characteristics ◽  
Noxious Weed

The introduction of kikuyu (Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Chiov.) Morrone) into Australia in 1918 has seen it become established and adapted to several geographic regions in a wide range of ecologies and environmental situations. After it naturalised to local conditions, researchers and farmers recognised the value of kikuyu in marginal and previously unproductive sites, where forage quality and quantity made this species popular with dairy farmers and pastoralists. Its versatility and prostrate, mat-forming characteristics also led to the adoption of kikuyu by local governments, homeowners and sporting organisations in urban environments as turf. Kikuyu has the ability to alleviate soil contamination and remediate soils, thus enhancing the use of previously unproductive land. However, the aggressive growth habit of the species, considered a problem in certain regions of the world, has led to a noxious weed classification in some states of the USA. This review includes information on expected changes to world agricultural and urban environments and the potential expanded role of kikuyu. The origin of kikuyu grass, genetic variability, tolerances to soil salinity and drought, and potential for genetic improvement are also discussed.

Events in Northern Africa and Middle East: Causes and Consequences

2011 ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
I. Labinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Northern Africa ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Oriental Studies

Political developments in North Africa and the Middle East that have begun in January 2011 are gaining strength and involve an increasing number of Arab countries. The participants of the Roundtable – experts from IMEMO, Institute of Oriental Studies (RAS), Institute of the USA and Canada (RAS) and Mrs. E. Suponina from “Moscow News” newspaper analyzed a wide range of issues associated with these events. Among them are: 1) the reasons for such a large-scale explosion, 2) the nature of the discussed developments (revolutions, riots?) and who are the subjects of the current “Arab drama”, 3) the role of Islam and political Islamism, 4) the role of external factors.

Where Do Agri-Food Entrepreneurs Learn Their Job and are There Skills They Wished They Had Learned?

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Becot ◽  
David Conner ◽  
Jane Kolodinsky
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Informal Learning ◽  
Food System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Entrepreneurial Knowledge

The agri-food system plays a vital role in the socioeconomic well-being of the USA. In rural Vermont, the setting for this study, the contributions are even larger. Agri-food businesses contribute an estimated 12% of the state's gross domestic product and comprise 13% of private sector establishments. The community economic development potential of fostering successful food entrepreneurs suggests a role for higher education in educating the next generation of entrepreneurs. This study explores gaps in entrepreneurial knowledge and skills. Using a survey of agri-food entrepreneurs designed to obtain an understanding of the tools needed for success, the authors found that entrepreneurs valued a wide range of skills, making it difficult to tailor training. The importance of informal learning was also confirmed. The authors conclude that the role of higher education in entrepreneurial education is to educate students to think critically, recognize opportunities, develop networks and identify resources. In addition, it is critical to provide students with exposure to entrepreneurs in the field.

scholarly journals The Role of Animated Characters in the Socialization of Children in the Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 551
Author(s):  
Dina Kabdullinovna Tanatova ◽  
Ivan Vladimirovich Korolev ◽  
Marina Vladimirovna Nevskaya ◽  
Liliya Rafaelevna Tairova
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Animated Films ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Smart Tv ◽  
Animated Characters

The studies of animated characters as a factor of socialization have virtually no theoretical or empirical interpretation in the Russian sociology. At the same time, cartoons have a huge potential for development and successful socialization of children. It is a well-known fact that animated films are widely used in pedagogy, psychology, and within the family circle. The public especially favors cartoons produced during the Soviet period, but gradually they become a thing of the past. This process is mainly due to the fact that visually and technologically they are inferior to modern cartoons and thus lose their appeal.As a result of the availability of the Internet and Smart TV, the number of young users watching videos and TV broadcasts has risen significantly. The leaders of ratings in terms of views and popularity are cartoons made in the USA, which reflect the values and characteristics of Western society.However, modern animated films boast a wide range of genres, plots, and characters created with the help of new technologies. Their pedagogical, cultural, and development potential is impressive, and their role in the socialization of children is still significant.   

scholarly journals Influence of atmospheric conditions on the role of trifluoroacetic acid in atmospheric sulfuric acid–dimethylamine nucleation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 6221-6230
Author(s):  
Ling Liu ◽  
Fangqun Yu ◽  
Kaipeng Tu ◽  
Zhi Yang ◽  
Xiuhui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Trifluoroacetic Acid ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Nucleation Process ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. Ambient measurements combined with theoretical simulations have shown evidence that the tropospheric degradation end-products of Freon alternatives, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), one of the most important and abundant atmospheric organic substances, can enhance the nucleation process based on sulfuric acid (SA) and dimethylamine (DMA) in urban environments. However, TFA is widespread all over the world under different atmospheric conditions, such as temperature and nucleation precursor concentration, which are the most important factors potentially influencing the atmospheric nucleation process and thus inducing different nucleation mechanisms. Herein, using the density functional theory combined with the Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code, the influence of temperature and nucleation precursor concentrations on the role of TFA in the SA–DMA nucleation has been investigated. The results indicate that the growth trends of clusters involving TFA can increase with the decrease in temperature. The enhancement on particle formation rate by TFA and the contributions of the SA–DMA–TFA cluster to the cluster formation pathways can be up to 227-fold and 95 %, respectively, at relatively low temperature, low SA concentration, high TFA concentration, and high DMA concentration, such as in winter, at the relatively high atmospheric boundary layer, or in megacities far away from industrial sources of sulfur-containing pollutants. These results provide the perspective of the realistic role of TFA in different atmospheric environments, revealing the potential influence of the tropospheric degradation of Freon alternatives under a wide range of atmospheric conditions.

scholarly journals Broadening the Objectives of Future Potassium Recommendations

2020 ◽  
pp. 385-415
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Volenec ◽  
Sylvie M. Brouder ◽  
T. Scott Murrell
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Fungal Associations ◽  
K Fertilization

AbstractPotassium (K) fertilizer recommendations for annual crops in the USA are generally founded in soil test results. The goal of this chapter is to highlight additional plant-related traits that may impact crop responses to K fertilization. This includes the role of tissue testing, the influence of luxury consumption, genetic improvement of K use efficiency, genotype × environment × management interactions on K uptake and yield, response to foliar K fertilization, intraplant K cycling, fungal associations and K uptake, the influence of K on crop quality, and the role of K in abiotic stress tolerance. Recognizing the potential role of these plant factors may help reconcile response inconsistencies based solely on soil test information, and improve future K recommendations. Finally, we hope to highlight knowledge gaps and opportunities for additional integrated soil–plant K research.

scholarly journals STATE REGULATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIES: RETROSPECTIVE AND MODERN CONTEXT

2020 ◽  
Vol 288 (6) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Ye. BOLIUBASH ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The article presents a retrospective analysis of the state’s participation in the regulation of socio-economic processes. A wide range of opinions on state regulation of the development of socio-economic systems is presented. The views of economists on the regulation of socio-economic processes have evolved. Economic theories of substantiation of economic development and the role of the state in the regulation of socio-economic processes are considered: Keynesian, monetarist, institutional, theory of social choice, etc .. The views of modern scholars on the essence of state regulation are analyzed. It has been found that the authors reveal the essence of this concept differently and, as a result, each definition interprets the ultimate goal of state regulation differently. Scholars substantiate the need for state regulation for the realization of social interests of society; development of the social mode of production and improvement of the social development of the country; consider the goal of state regulation to stabilize and adapt the socio-economic system to changing conditions; define state regulation as a system of measures of different nature. State regulation is defined as a system of measures at different levels of public authorities in accordance with certain functions aimed at different spheres of life. It is noted that in the conditions of decentralization local self-government bodies have received more powers and more opportunities to solve problems of socio-economic development of territories. Therefore, the role of local governments, their decisions have a significant impact on the level of socio-economic development of territories.

scholarly journals Technological advancement in the era of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110009
Author(s):  
Nishant Renu
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Health Organizations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Government ◽  
Technological Means ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Online Entertainment

Regional and local governments worldwide are working tirelessly toward effective ways of addressing the COVID-19 crisis. During this time, the government has had to ensure that they provide full usage of technological means to confront the pandemic and discourse a wide range of COVID-19 related problems. Herein, this article will discuss the application of technical means and the advancement of technology in different sectors as a consequence of the COVID-19 crisis. Further, it highlights how government and health organizations have introduced new policies intending to try to curb the spread of the coronavirus. These new policies, such as lockdowns and social distancing measures, have resulted in technological advancement and new means of interaction with government, businesses, and citizens. Such changes include increased online shopping, as well as robotic delivery systems, the introduction of digital as well as contactless payment systems, remote working, the role of technology in distance learning, Telehealth, 3D Printing, and online entertainment. These technological advancements have been embraced all the way during this pandemic by a few countries around the world, with its limitation in some underdeveloped and developing countries.

The role of societal privilege in the definitions and practices of inclusion

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Geiger ◽  
Cheryl Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Multiple Identities ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Third Culture ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Power Differentials ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on the work of those with societal privilege in the practice of inclusion. It outlines the experience of privilege, obstacles raised by the study of women in cross-race relationships, and offers guidance for those with privilege in how to use it in relationships and organizational inclusion efforts. Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes lessons from varied literatures about privilege, social justice, and organizational inclusion/diversity and applies them to the work of inclusion for those privileged by race in the USA. Findings – The paper offers guidance to those with race privilege in the USA. It suggests ways to problematize privilege, how to become a social justice ally, reframe what white means, develop awareness about race dynamics, use empathy cautiously, create a “third culture,” balance multiple identities, and acknowledge numerous power differentials. Research limitations/implications – Given the specific contexts and social identities chosen here, the conclusions may not generalize. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to extend the experience, obstacles and guidance for those with other kinds of privilege in other contexts. Practical implications – Because of global demographics, organizations have incorporated a wide range of workforce diversity and now need to maximize practices of inclusion so talent can be fully utilized. This paper provides specific practices that can cause those with privilege to create a truly inclusive environment. Originality/value – There is very little exploration about the role of those with societal privilege in the definitions and practices of inclusion. This paper's contribution is to outline the work to be done by those privileged.

From whence cometh this Welfare consensus? US welfare policy discourse as class warfare in the 1980s and 1990s

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 203-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Barany
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Policy Discourse ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Restructuring ◽  
Policy Statements ◽  
The Usa ◽  
State And Local

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address the ideological narratives which came to comprise a new welfare consensus in the USA and subsequently a welfare state which was more fiscally austere, demeaning, and coercive. It also explores the role of the political and financial restructuring which facilitated the implementation of retrogressive reforms. Design/methodology/approach – Macro-level historical forces are investigated through various texts such as policy statements, journal articles, press releases, political addresses, congressional transcripts and testimony, archived papers, newspaper articles, and occasional sound bites and popular culture references pertaining to welfare and which have come to construct the common understanding of it. Findings – The formation of this consensus was due in part to three factors: first, the growth of and increased influence of an elite policy planning network; second, welfare program administration and financing had been decentralized which allowed greater autonomy of state and local governments to implement their own retrogressive reforms; and third, there emerged an overarching discourse and paradigm for structuring policy and explaining the causes of poverty which emphasized individual behavior. Originality/value – This paper focusses on the materialization of the contemporary welfare consensus during the 1980s and 1990s in terms of its ideological and political history and on its persistence which has affected the ensuing policy culture and which continues to constrain anti-poverty policy discourse as well as what can be accomplished legislatively. The paper is of value for for readers, fields, courses with work that encompasses an examination of political and social theory, ideology, social policy, power/hegemony, poverty, inequality, families, gender, race, and meaning making institutions.

scholarly journals Gentrification in Latin America: Overview and Critical Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Betancur
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global South ◽  
Urban Restructuring ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Global North ◽  
American Cities

This paper offers a critical review and interpretation of gentrification in Latin American cities. Applying a flexible methodology, it examines enabling conditions associated with societal regime change and local contingencies to determine its presence, nature, extent, and possibilities. Questioning the uncritical transfer of constructs such as gentrification from the Global North to the Global South, the paper advocates analyses of mediating structures and local conditions to determine their applicability and possible variations. Overall, the review questions the feasibility of self-sustained, large scale gentrification in central areas of the region’s cities today tying it to each city’s level of incorporation into global circuits and the role of local governments. Rather than an orthodox hypothesis testing, this is an exercise in interpretation that calls for nuanced approaches to the study of urban restructuring in cities of the global South.

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