Intestinal Protozoa: Their Role as Human Pathogens and Zoonoses

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-61
Author(s):  
Kotchaphon Vaisusuk ◽  
Weerachai Saijuntha
Keyword(s):  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa

Plasminogen Activation by Invasive Human Pathogens

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (01) ◽  
pp. 001-010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D P Boyle ◽  
Richard Lottenberg
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activators ◽  
Plasminogen Activation ◽  
Potential Importance ◽  
Human Pathogens

SummaryIn this review the interaction between invasive human pathogens expressing plasmin(ogen) receptors and/or producing plasminogen activators with the human plasmin(ogen) system is described. Evidence is presented for multiple mechanisms by which human pathogens can acquire a surface bound form of plasmin that cannot be regulated by host serpins. The potential importance of these pathways in providing the organisms with the ability to cross tissue barriers is discussed.

The gut microbiota resistome provides development of drug resistance in causative agents of human infectious diseases

2017 ◽  
pp. 20-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.Н. Ильина ◽  
Е.И. Олехнович ◽  
А.В. Павленко
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Bacterial Genes

С течением времени подходы к изучению резистентности к антибиотикам трансформировались от сосредоточения на выделенных в виде чистой культуры патогенных микроорганизмах к исследованию резистентности на уровне микробных сообществ, составляющих биотопы человека и окружающей среды. По мере того, как продвигается изучение устойчивости к антибиотикам, возникает необходимость использования комплексного подхода для улучшения информирования мирового сообщества о наблюдаемых тенденциях в этой области. Все более очевидным становится то, что, хотя не все гены резистентности могут географически и филогенетически распространяться, угроза, которую они представляют, действительно серьезная и требует комплексных междисциплинарных исследований. В настоящее время резистентность к антибиотикам среди патогенов человека стала основной угрозой в современной медицине, и существует значительный интерес к определению ниши, в которых бактерии могут получить гены антибиотикорезистентности, и механизмов их передачи. В данном обзоре мы рассматриваем проблемы, возникшие на фоне широкого использования человечеством антибактериальных препаратов, в свете формирования микрофлорой кишечника резервуара генов резистентности. Over the time, studies of antibiotic resistance have transformed from focusing on pathogenic microorganisms isolated as a pure culture to analysis of resistance at the level of microbial communities that constitute human and environmental biotopes. Advancing studies of antibiotic resistance require an integrated approach to enhance availability of information about observed tendencies in this field to the global community. It becomes increasingly obvious that, even though not all resistance genes can geographically and phylogenetically spread, the threat they pose is indeed serious and requires complex interdisciplinary research. Currently, the antibiotic resistance of human pathogens has become a challenge to modern medicine, which is now focusing on determining a potential source for bacterial genes of drug resistance and mechanisms for the gene transmission. In this review, we discussed problems generated by the widespread use of antibacterial drugs in the light of forming a reservoir of resistance genes by gut microflora.

Deep-Amplicon Sequencing(DAS) to evidence the presesence of human pathogens in drinking water

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Moreno-Mesonero ◽  
Jorge García Hernández ◽  
Yolanda Moreno ◽  
PATRICIA SOLER
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Human Pathogens

scholarly journals Bacteriophages as drivers of bacterial virulence and their potential for biotechnological exploitation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaat Schroven ◽  
Abram Aertsen ◽  
Rob Lavigne
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Cargo Proteins ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship

ABSTRACT Bacteria-infecting viruses (phages) and their hosts maintain an ancient and complex relationship. Bacterial predation by lytic phages drives an ongoing phage-host arms race, whereas temperate phages initiate mutualistic relationships with their hosts upon lysogenization as prophages. In human pathogens, these prophages impact bacterial virulence in distinct ways: by secretion of phage-encoded toxins, modulation of the bacterial envelope, mediation of bacterial infectivity and the control of bacterial cell regulation. This review builds the argument that virulence-influencing prophages hold extensive, unexplored potential for biotechnology. More specifically, it highlights the development potential of novel therapies against infectious diseases, to address the current antibiotic resistance crisis. First, designer bacteriophages may serve to deliver genes encoding cargo proteins which repress bacterial virulence. Secondly, one may develop small molecules mimicking phage-derived proteins targeting central regulators of bacterial virulence. Thirdly, bacteria equipped with phage-derived synthetic circuits which modulate key virulence factors could serve as vaccine candidates to prevent bacterial infections. The development and exploitation of such antibacterial strategies will depend on the discovery of other prophage-derived, virulence control mechanisms and, more generally, on the dissection of the mutualistic relationship between temperate phages and bacteria, as well as on continuing developments in the synthetic biology field.

scholarly journals TO STUDY THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF CLAUSENA DENTATA (WILLD.) ROEM.

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
ANNAMALAI MADURAM ◽  
RAJU KAMARAJ
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Human Pathogenic Bacteria

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the antibacterial activity for the various extracts of Clausena dentata against human pathogens. Clausena (Rutaceae) is a genus of about 23 species of unarmed trees and shrubs. The stem bark of C. dentata is used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of wounds and sprains. Even though C. dentata has a lot of potential medical uses, the study of microbiological properties is very scarce. Methods: The plant C. dentata was collected from Kadagaman, near Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, India, and authenticated by Centre for Advanced Study in Botany, University of Madras, Chennai. The dry powder of stem bark was extracted with hexane, chloroform, and methanol. The extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Vibrio cholerae, and Staphylococcus aureus and compared with ciprofloxacin. Results: Qualitative chemical tests revealed the presence of various phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrate, proteins and amino acids, phytosterols, and volatile oil. The antibacterial activity result reveals that all the extracts were are more active against V. cholerae. The activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was mild. Conclusion: The activity against V. cholerae was comparable with that of 5 μg/mL ciprofloxacin at the concentration of C. dentata 40 μg/mL. The orders of antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria are hexane, methanol, and chloroform extract of C. dentata.

scholarly journals Facile Use of ZnO Nanopowders to Protect Old Manual Paper Documents

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5452
Author(s):  
Ludmila Motelica ◽  
Aurelian Popescu ◽  
Anca-Gabriela Răzvan ◽  
Ovidiu Oprea ◽  
Roxana-Doina Truşcă ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Accessible Method

One of the main problems faced by libraries, archives and collectors is the mold degradation of the paper-based documents, books, artworks etc. Microfungi (molds) emerge in regular storage conditions of such items (humidity, usually over 50%, and temperatures under 21 °C). If the removal of the visible mycelium is relatively easy, there is always the problem of the subsequent appearance of mold as the spores remain trapped in the cellulosic, fibrillary texture, which acts as a net. Moreover, due to improper hand hygiene bacteria contamination, old books could represent a source of biohazard, being colonized with human pathogens. An easy and accessible method of decontamination, which could offer long term protection is therefore needed. Here, we present a facile use of the ZnO nanopowders as antimicrobial agents, suitable for cellulose-based products, conferring an extended antibacterial and anti-microfungal effect. The proposed method does not adversely impact on the quality of the cellulose documents and could be efficiently used for biodegradation protection.

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