scholarly journals A Cognitive Perspective on Autofictional Writing, Texts, and Reading

2022 ◽  
pp. 61-81
Author(s):  
Alexandra Effe ◽  
Alison Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Affective Dynamics ◽  
Psychological Studies

AbstractThis chapter argues for the necessity of a cognitive and holistic approach to autofiction—an approach that considers textual signposts in combination with the cognitive-affective dynamics of a text’s production and reception. On the basis of empirical data in the form of writers’ self-reports and psychological studies into the differences between fictional and factual reading modes, the chapter argues for and offers definitions of autofictional writing and autofictional reading modes. Their potential affordances and effects both for authors and readers are illustrated in relation to three works, which exhibit different degrees of fictionality: Philip Roth’s The Facts (1988), Olivia Laing’s Crudo (2018), and Ben Lerner’s 10:04 (2014).

Evidentials and Person

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-64
Author(s):  
Jackson T.-S. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
First Person ◽  
Evidential Value ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Grammatical Construction ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Intimate Knowledge ◽  
Access To Knowledge

This chapter presents an overview of salient issues regarding the correlation between evidentiality and person. A synthesis of research findings is provided and illustrated by empirical data. The person category relevant for evidentiality is shown to be the ‘speaking person’, which translates into various grammatical persons depending on the grammatical construction. The person-sensitive distribution of evidential forms is attributable to features like control, observability, and access to knowledge, and may be creatively manipulated along an evidential directness cline, such that an evidential value reserved for the speaking person may be employed to assert intimate knowledge about another person, and conversely, a reduced evidential value may be selected in self-reports to tone down first-person involvement, exhibiting ‘first-person effects’. Also elucidated herein is how the addressee’s perspective, another critical person factor in evidentiality, shapes evidential formation and selection.

scholarly journals Why should we care about sound symbolism in EFL learning?: Two pilot studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Amanda Roig-Marín
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
English Language ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Educational Settings ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Approach To Learning ◽  
The University

Given the importance of the phonological and lexical components of the language in L2 learning, this article discusses an innovative, holistic approach to learning these two components of the language based on the existence of “sound symbolism”—the interrelation between sound and meaning—in English. In particular, it describes how and why the study of sound symbolism can be advantageous to EFL learners. This claim is grounded in empirical data gathered from two pilot studies carried out in two educational settings (a secondary school and the University of Alicante). The results suggest that knowledge of sound symbolic principles underlying the English language can enhance lexical storage and semantic prediction

Challenges to children’s rights: Experiences from Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 204361061990017
Author(s):  
Daniel Gebretsadik Ayele
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Child Rights ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Town

In Ethiopia, there have been significant legislative frameworks in order to protect the rights of children and reduce their vulnerability. However, many of the relevant child right instruments have not yet been implemented to a satisfying degree. The aim of this article is to understand the challenges that impede the effectiveness of child rights system from children’s perspective. The empirical data upon which the author draws was gathered through repeated periods of qualitative fieldwork carried out in 2014/2015 with 24 children in the town of Dilla in Gedeo, southern Ethiopia. Parents, legal experts, police officers, and social workers also participated in the study. The author used informal dialogue, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions to obtain the empirical data. This study has also benefited from various secondary sources. As the study shows, negative social construct of children, culturally embedded decisions and practices, poverty and deprivation, gaps in legislative frameworks, lack of resources, coordination, and commitment among responsible actors are identified as major challenges that impede the enforcement of child rights system. Thus, it is necessary to adopt holistic approach and deal with the broader structural and social barriers that denied children what they deserve in so many ways.

scholarly journals Aristotelian Moral Psychology and the Situationist Challenge

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-277
Author(s):  
Adam M. Croom
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Developmental Science ◽  
Psychological Studies

Abstract For some time now moral psychologists and philosophers have ganged up on Aristotelians, arguing that results from psychological studies on the role of character-based and situation-based influences on human behavior have convincingly shown that situations rather than personal characteristics determine human behavior. In the literature on moral psychology and philosophy this challenge is commonly called the “situationist challenge,” and as Prinz (2009) has previously explained, it has largely been based on results from four salient studies in social psychology, including the studies conducted by Hartshorne and May (1928), Milgram (1963), Isen and Levin (1972), and Darley and Batson (1973). The situationist challenge maintains that each of these studies seriously challenges the plausibility of virtuous personal characteristics by challenging the plausibility of personal characteristics more generally. In this article I undermine the situationist challenge against Aristotelian moral psychology by carefully considering major problems with the conclusions that situationists have drawn from the empirical data, and by further challenging the accuracy of their characterization of the Aristotelian view. In fact I show that when properly understood the Aristotelian view is not only consistent with empirical data from developmental science but can also offer important insights for integrating moral psychology with its biological roots in our natural and social life.

Networking and the outward/inward innovativeness and internationalisation of firms in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-300
Author(s):  
Maja Szymura-Tyc ◽  
Minna Rollins
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Group Affiliation

This research explores the relationships between the networking of firms and their innovativeness and internationalisation, with the distinction between their outward and inward types. It adopts a holistic approach to firms’ innovativeness and internationalisation and examines whether networking is more strongly related to firms’ innovativeness or their internationalisation. Empirical data to test hypotheses were collected from 274 Polish firms using direct questionnaire interviews. The results show that networking is conducive both to the outward and inward innovativeness of firms, having the stronger relationship with inward innovativeness, and to outward internationalisation only. The results also indicate a variation concerning the strength of relationships corresponding to the sector in which the firms operate, their size, the capital group affiliation and the origin of capital.

scholarly journals Aprendizagem da álgebra segundo Raymond Duval

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Celia Finck Brandt ◽  
Méricles Thadeu Moretti
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Cognitive Operation ◽  
Double Entry ◽  
The Given ◽  
Global Objective

Resumo: O artigo apresenta especificidades para o ensino da álgebra. Essas ideias contemplam uma abordagem cognitiva necessária para a aprendizagem da álgebra de acordo com Raymond Duval. Segundo o autor o ponto de vista cognitivo é incompatível com o ponto de vista matemático segundo o qual os objetivos globais são resolver equações e, para isso o importante é conhecer as letras. De acordo com o ponto de vista cognitivo o conhecimento das letras não é o objetivo principal. Para o autor a operação cognitiva de designação de objetos e relações é essencial. Também é preciso levar os alunos a elaborarem problemas, trabalhar com fórmulas, com tabelas de dupla entrada e com listas abertas para colocar em cena a função de condensação do padrão de regularidade na qual as letras entram para designar esse padrão. No texto são contemplados exemplos e dados empíricos resultantes de pesquisa desenvolvida pelos autores na aplicação das ideias em situações de ensino.Palavras-chave: Aprendizagem da álgebra; Operações de designação; Abordagem semio-cognitiva. Learning algebra, according to Raymond DuvalAbstract: This article presents certain aspects for the teaching of algebra. The following ideas contemplate a cognitive approach, which is necessary for learning algebra, according to Duval. The author defends that the cognitive perspective is incompatible with the mathematical perspective, whose global objective is to solve equations; to achieve that goal, the important thing is to know the given letters. According to the cognitive point of view, the knowledge of letters is not the main objective. For the author, the cognitive operation of designating objects and relations is essential. One must also get students to work out problems and work with formulas, double-entry tables, and open lists, in order to prioritize the function of condensing the regularity pattern, in which the letters come in to designate exactly this pattern. In the article, there are examples and empirical data, resulting from a research developed by the authors in the application of ideas in teaching situations.Keywords: Learning algebra; Designation operations; Semio-cognitive approach. 

Teen Girls' Self-Reports of Abstinence Unreliable

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
SUSAN LONDON
Keyword(s):  
Self Reports

Indirect Assessment of Attitudes with Response-Time-Based Measures

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Degner ◽  
Dirk Wentura ◽  
Klaus Rothermund
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Scale Theory ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Predicting Behavior ◽  
Social Cognitive Theories

Abstract: We review research on response-latency based (“implicit”) measures of attitudes by examining what hopes and intentions researchers have associated with their usage. We identified the hopes of (1) gaining better measures of interindividual differences in attitudes as compared to self-report measures (quality hope); (2) better predicting behavior, or predicting other behaviors, as compared to self-reports (incremental validity hope); (3) linking social-cognitive theories more adequately to empirical research (theory-link hope). We argue that the third hope should be the starting point for using these measures. Any attempt to improve these measures should include the search for a small-scale theory that adequately explains the basic effects found with such a measure. To date, small-scale theories for different measures are not equally well developed.

An empirical review of gambling expansion and gambling-related harm

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debi A. LaPlante ◽  
Heather M. Gray ◽  
Pat M. Williams ◽  
Sarah E. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Expansion Method ◽  
Responsible Gambling ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Empirical Comparison ◽  
Related Harm

Abstract. Aims: To discuss and review the latest research related to gambling expansion. Method: We completed a literature review and empirical comparison of peer reviewed findings related to gambling expansion and subsequent gambling-related changes among the population. Results: Although gambling expansion is associated with changes in gambling and gambling-related problems, empirical studies suggest that these effects are mixed and the available literature is limited. For example, the peer review literature suggests that most post-expansion gambling outcomes (i. e., 22 of 34 possible expansion outcomes; 64.7 %) indicate no observable change or a decrease in gambling outcomes, and a minority (i. e., 12 of 34 possible expansion outcomes; 35.3 %) indicate an increase in gambling outcomes. Conclusions: Empirical data related to gambling expansion suggests that its effects are more complex than frequently considered; however, evidence-based intervention might help prepare jurisdictions to deal with potential consequences. Jurisdictions can develop and evaluate responsible gambling programs to try to mitigate the impacts of expanded gambling.

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