The Use of Pebble Raw Materials in the Paleolithic and Mesolithic of the Urals

2022 ◽  
pp. 303-307
Author(s):  
Yury B. Serikov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Urals

scholarly journals Technogenic Mineral Raw Materials for the Production of Refractories and Ceramics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Perepelitsyn ◽  
Alexander Yagovtsev ◽  
Vitaliy Merzlyakov ◽  
Victor Kochetkov ◽  
Alexander Ponomarenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Secondary Mineral ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Mineral Raw Materials ◽  
Secondary Resources ◽  
Additional Processing

Chemical–mineral and material–genetic classifications of technogenic mineral raw materials including up to 36 polyphase groups of materials that form the basis of secondary resources suitable for the production of refractories and ceramics after additional processing are proposed. It is shown that technogenic materials of the Urals are cheap multifunctional raw materials and can be used in the production of magnesia-silicate ceramics, carbon– and zirconium–containing high-alumina refractories and cements. Keywords: classification, secondary mineral resources, composition, recycling, refractories, ceramics

Development of Slag Base for Welding Fluxes from Man-Made Mineral Formations of Ural Mining and Smelting Companies

2017 ◽  
Vol 743 ◽  
pp. 406-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav V. Naumov ◽  
Michael N. Ignatov ◽  
Anna M. Ignatova ◽  
Arseny O. Artemov
Keyword(s):  
Weld Metal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Weld Joints ◽  
Welding Fluxes ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials ◽  
Welding Materials

Slag bases for welding materials have been developed from mineral raw materials and man–made mineral formations of the Urals. Successful comprehensive studies and tests of fused fluxes and also of weld metal and weld joints obtained by these welding materials have been carried out. It has been clearly established that the obtained weld metal has low content of harmful impurities ([S] is as low as 0.01 wt%) due to the use of the electric arc furnace method, purity of the feedstock minerals and technogenic raw materials and physicochemical reactions during the welding process.

scholarly journals History of prospecting and development of deposits of quartz raw materials in the Urals and the prospect of their further use

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-59
Author(s):  
POLENOV Yuriy Alekseevich ◽  
◽  
OGORODNIKOV Vitaliy Nikolaevich ◽  
KISIN Aleksandr Yur’evich ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Material Base ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
History Of

Relevance of the work. For 60 years of hard work of quartz workers in the geological industry, Soviet geologists have fully provided the USSR industry for many years to come with piezoquartz and high-grade, highly pure quartz for the production of all types of quartz products. Much has changed over the years; and it became necessary to analyze the existing raw material base of Russia for quartz for smelting. Purpose of the work: analysis of the existing raw material base of Russia for quartz raw materials and the role of the deposits of quartz raw materials in the Ural region in solving this problem. Research methodology. The history of the use of quartz material as an industrial raw material and its application by the most developed countries of Europe is briefly outlined. It is shown that in the presence of various genetic types of quartz in the territory of Russia, the main deposits of highly pure quartz are located within the Ural region. The history of the complex and multiple reorganization of geological units that carried out prospecting, exploration, production and processing of all types of quartz raw materials from the Urals deposits is considered in detail. With the aim of centralization of exploration, mining operations, the production of industrial products from quartz and gemstones, scientific and project construction works in the Urals, the production association Uralkvartssamotsvety has been established since November 1, 1977. In terms of its technological equipment, the level of technology and organization of production, the achieved technical and economic indicators and allocations, the Uralkvartszamotsvety association was the flagship among the related associations of the USSR Ministry of Geology. Conclusions. Nowadays, the severe issue of the raw material base of quartz in Russia is the provision of the domestic industry with raw materials for the fusion of special transparent quartz glasses used primarily in microelectronics, fiber optics, and the production of high-intensity light sources. Ural had been and could continue to be the main supplier of raw materials and especially pure quartz. The reserves of these types of raw materials are significant, and the deposits are located in favorable economic and geographical areas.

scholarly journals Animal husbandry of the Urals regions in the conditions of the great Patriotic war

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-291
Author(s):  
Rustam Suleimanovich Bakhtiyarov ◽  
Alla Vladimirovna Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Defense Industry ◽  
Economic Region ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of

This paper deals with the role of animal husbandry in the history of the Ural economic region as the most important economic base of Russia, especially during the great Patriotic war of 1941-1945. The study contains materials characterizing the situation in the industry in the prewar period, estimates the processes taking place in the main areas of animal husbandry in the transition from the sole of the peasant way of organizing production to industrial technologies in the late 30s of XX century. During the collectivization in the Urals, as throughout the country, the number of productive animals suffered heavy losses. Only the number of small cattle in 1928-1935 decreased from 9,1 million heads to 3 million heads, i.e. 3 times. Realizing the harmfulness of such a policy, the Soviet leadership took vigorous measures to correct the situation. They allowed to significantly correct the situation, but in general by the beginning of the great Patriotic war, the full transition to the new principles of work in agriculture hadnt been carried out. When the war broke out the role of animal husbandry in the Urals in the USSR increased. At the beginning of 1941 the farms of the region contained from 5,1 to 8,3% of the population of the main agricultural animals of the country, then during the most difficult years of 1942-1943 this figure increased to 10,8 and even 18,6% of the total productive herd of the USSR. During this period, the livestock of the region gave up to 15% of all dairy products of the country and 13-14% of meat. Thus, the workers of animal husbandry of the Urals in the most difficult conditions of war time were able to save the bulk of the livestock and provide the army and defense industry of the region with the necessary food and raw materials.

scholarly journals Light Industry in the Urals in the Days of the New Economic Policy in the Context of Early Industrial Modernization of the Late 19th – the First Half of the 20th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 1168-1178
Author(s):  
Ravilya R. Khisamutdinova ◽  
◽  
Svetlana U. Vasilieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Light Industry ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Industry Sectors

The article examines the development of the light industry sectors of the Urals in the 1920s drawing on materials from state archives of the Russian Federation. The study is to identify the signs of the process of early industrial modernization in the light industry of the Urals in the days of the New Economic Policy and to analyze them. To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been set: to analyze the network of light industry enterprises in the Urals; to study the state of material and technical base of industrial enterprises in the region; to reveal the dynamics of gross output. Early industrial modernization in Russia began in the late 19th century. However, for a number of reasons, including the events of the First World War, revolutionary upheavals, and the Civil War, it remained unconcluded after the first two decades of the 20th century. The period of the New Economic Policy is considered by V.V. Alekseev and I.V. Poberezhnikov as a continuation of the early industrial modernization. The chronological framework of the study covers the period of the New Economic Policy, from 1921 to 1927. The territorial framework is the Ural Economic Region. Geographic, economic, and ethnic factors permit to address the Urals as an integral territorial entity. In the 1920s, it included the Ural region (now the Sverdlovsk, Perm, Chelyabinsk, and Kurgan regions), the Orenburg gubernia (now the Orenburg region), the Votyak Autonomous Oblast (now the Udmurt Republic), and the Bashkir ASSR (now the Republic of Bashkortostan). The article highlights the issues of trustification in the light industry of the region, the emergence of new plants and factories. The network of industrial enterprises was transformed during the period under review. As a result of consolidation and liquidation of unprofitable enterprises, the number of factories and plants decreased in comparison with the indicators of 1913 by 12 units. The largest number of industrial enterprises was concentrated on the territory of the Ural Region. The process of the light industry sectors recovery of the 1920s was accompanied by the solution of a number of problems associated with shortage of raw materials and need to upgrade the equipment. During the period under review, enterprises experienced difficulties in raw materials supply. Most dynamically developing industries were textiles, footwear, and clothing. By the end of the New Economic Policy, the volume of production of light industry goods in the region exceeded pre-war indicators. However, the revealed data indicate that the process of early industrial modernization in the light industry of the Urals was incomplete by the end of the 1920s.

scholarly journals Environmental and Economic Efficiency of Recycling Industrial Waste in the Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Olga A. Romanova ◽  
Dmitry V. Sirotin
Keyword(s):  
Real Options ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The Real

A change in values of modern society has led to the transformation of economic development models based on the greening of industrial activities. This problem is particularly relevant for industrial regions, including the Urals, where environmental pressure mostly depends on the mining and metallurgical industry, which is a source of industrial waste. In this regard, we develop a methodology for assessing environmental and economic efficiency of technological solutions for processing industrial raw materials. The research methodology is based on the theory of industrial production efficiency, sustainable development theory and circular economy principles. To assess the efficiency, we applied the methods of comparative, structural and logical, economic and statistical analysis, as well as real options method. The comparative analysis revealed various trends in the generation, recycling, and accumulation of waste from mining and smelting activities in the whole Russia and the Middle Urals in the period 2013–2019. The industrial waste of the Urals is unique in terms of its multicomponent composition, including ferrous, non-ferrous and rare-earth metals. Thus, the real options method is optimal for assessing the efficiency of recycling industrial waste. The analysis of the approaches to the assessment of environmental and economic efficiency confirmed that traditional methods based on cost indicators are unreliable compared to the real options method. We described the main stages of this method and developed an algorithm for assessing environmental and economic efficiency of processing industrial raw materials. Further, we identified the real options for processing industrial resources of steel production that influence managerial decisions in a changing environment. Due to the versatility of the developed method, which considers both external uncertainty and requirements of advanced technologies, we recommend using this method for selecting effective investment projects aimed at processing industrial raw materials.

scholarly journals Light Industry in the Urals in 1928–40: Regional Aspects of Early Industrial Modernization

2020 ◽  
pp. 554-565
Author(s):  
Ravilya R. Hisamutdinova ◽  
◽  
Svetlana U. Vasilieva (Polkunova) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
The State ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Light Industry ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Russian Federation

Providing the population with consumer goods is one of the state’s main tasks. Therefore, in terms of welfare, development of light industry is a priority. Studying modernization of the light industry in the first half of the 20th century require a regional approach to identify common pattern and peculiarities of territories. The authors draws on previously unpublished archival documents (dating from 1928–40) from the State Archive of the Russian Federation to consider the development of light industry in the Urals during the pre-war five-year plan. The article uses general scientific method and such methods as comparative-historical, system-structural. With their help, it was possible to draw a historically objective picture of the development of light industry in the Urals in 1928–40. The authors focus their attention on the dynamics of production of essential goods in regions and republics of the Urals and identify the most rapidly developing industries. The article reviews the state of material and technical base of the enterprises; the process of reconstruction of the main industries and of equipment renewal. Most factories and plants received new equipment. During the first five-year plans the textile, footwear, and clothing industries were in the lead. However, the rate of production mechanization remained slow. The article introduces into scientific use statistical data on the expansion of light industry enterprises network during the first five-year plan. There were established sewing, saddlery, footwear, textile factories, workshops of individual tailoring. The number of light industry enterprises in the Urals grew from 91 industrial facilities in 1928 to 412 by 1940. The raw material base of light industry of the Urals was insufficient for the growing needs of production. Shortage of raw materials, dependence on numerous suppliers of raw materials, and their territorial remoteness complicated the work of industries, resulting in reduction of the enterprises’ capacity. The results of the study can be used in writing of general works on the development of light industry during the pre-war five-year plans in Russia, and in the Urals in particular.

Microstructural characterization of laser-melted/roller-quenched dicalcium silicate

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
C. J. Chan ◽  
K. R. Venkatachari ◽  
W. M. Kriven ◽  
J. F. Young
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Particle Size Effect ◽  
Dicalcium Silicate ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Cell Shape Change ◽  
Wide Range

Dicalcium silicate (Ca2SiO4) is a major component of Portland cement. It has also been investigated as a potential transformation toughener alternative to zirconia. It has five polymorphs: α, α'H, α'L, β and γ. Of interest is the β-to-γ transformation on cooling at about 490°C. This transformation, accompanied by a 12% volume increase and a 4.6° unit cell shape change, is analogous to the tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation in zirconia. Due to the processing methods used, previous studies into the particle size effect were limited by a wide range of particle size distribution. In an attempt to obtain a more uniform size, a fast quench rate involving a laser-melting/roller-quenching technique was investigated.The laser-melting/roller-quenching experiment used precompacted bars of stoichiometric γ-Ca2SiO4 powder, which were synthesized from AR grade CaCO3 and SiO2xH2O. The raw materials were mixed by conventional ceramic processing techniques, and sintered at 1450°C. The dusted γ-Ca2SiO4 powder was uniaxially pressed into 0.4 cm x 0.4 cm x 4 cm bars under 34 MPa and cold isostatically pressed under 172 MPa. The γ-Ca2SiO4 bars were melted by a 10 KW-CO2 laser.

Crystallization of barium hexaferrite

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 362-363
Author(s):  
Chung-kook Lee ◽  
Yolande Berta ◽  
Robert F. Speyer
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Barium Hexaferrite ◽  
Recording Media ◽  
Magnetic Recording Media ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Crystallization Method ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
High Density Magnetic Recording ◽  
Temperature Heat Treatment

Barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) is a promising candidate for high density magnetic recording media due to its superior magnetic properties. For particulate recording media, nano-sized single crystalline powders with a narrow size distribution are a primary application requirement. The glass-crystallization method is preferred because of the controllability of crystallization kinetics, hence, particle size and size distribution. A disadvantage of this method is the need to melt raw materials at high temperatures with non-reactive crucibles, e.g. platinum. However, in this work, we have shown that crystal growth of barium hexaferrite occurred during low temperature heat treatment of raw batches.

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