The Impact of Freeze–thaw on the Stability of Soil Cut Slope in High-latitude Frozen Regions

2013 ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Guo ◽  
Wei Shan ◽  
Hua Jiang ◽  
Yuying Sun ◽  
Chengcheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Latitude ◽  
Cut Slope ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Study of the Stability of a Soil-Rock Road Cutting Slope in a Permafrost Region of Hulunbuir

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yuxia Zhao ◽  
Jun Feng ◽  
Kangqi Liu ◽  
Hongwei Xu ◽  
Liqun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Latitude ◽  
Limit Equilibrium ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Permafrost Region ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Stability Of Slopes ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Permafrost Regions

Due to the threat of global warming and the accelerated melting of glaciers and permafrost, the stability of slopes in permafrost regions has received an increasing amount of attention from scholars. However, research on the stability of soil-rock road cutting slopes in high-latitude and low-altitude permafrost regions of the Greater Khingan Mountains in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has not been reported. For this reason, a study of the stability of a slope with a high ice content in section K105 + 600 to K105 + 700 of National Highway 332 is conducted. The slope is 20 m high and the slope angle is 45°, and the risk of landslides on this slope under the action of freeze-thaw erosion is very high. Because of this, field in situ monitoring, indoor freeze-thaw tests, thermal parameter tests, and ABAQUS numerical simulation models are used to study the stability of the slope. After collecting the continuous temperature, moisture, settlement, and slope deformation data, it was found that the slope was undergoing dynamic changes. The creep of shallow slopes increased with the number of freeze-thaw cycles. After approximately 150 freeze-thaw cycles, the slope safety factor was less than 1, which means that the slope had reached the limit equilibrium state. Therefore, freeze-thaw erosion greatly reduced the stability of the slope. Hence, the stability of the slope must be protected during its entire life cycle. This study provides a reference for the design and construction of road cutting slopes in the high-latitude and low-altitude permafrost regions of the Greater Khingan Mountains.

scholarly journals Effect of Repeated Freeze–Thaw Cycles on Influenza Virus Antibodies

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Alessandro Torelli ◽  
Elena Gianchecchi ◽  
Martina Monti ◽  
Pietro Piu ◽  
Irene Barneschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Internal Procedures ◽  
The Impact

Background: Vaccine effectiveness relies on various serological tests, whose aim is the measurement of antibody titer in serum samples collected during clinical trials before and after vaccination. Among the serological assays required by the regulatory authorities to grant influenza vaccine release there are: Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI), microneutralization (MN), and Single Radial Hemolysis (SRH). Although antibodies are regarded to be relatively stable, limited evidences on the effect of multiple freeze–thaw cycles on the stability of antibodies in frozen serum samples are available so far. In view of this, the present paper aimed to evaluate the impact of multiple freeze–thaw cycles on influenza antibody stability, performing HAI, MN and SRH assays. Methods: Ten serum samples were divided into 14 aliquots each, stored at −20 °C and taken through a total of 14 freeze–thaw cycles to assess influenza antibody stability. Each assay measurement was carried out following internal procedures based on World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Results: No statistically significant effect of 14 freeze–thaw cycles on antibody stability, measured through three different assays, was observed. Conclusions: Collectively, these data demonstrated that specific influenza antibody present in serum samples are stable up to 14 freeze–thaw cycles.

scholarly journals Longitudinal assessment and stability of long non-coding RNA gene expression profiles measured in human peripheral whole blood collected into PAXgene blood RNA tubes

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukasz S. Wylezinski ◽  
Guzel I. Shaginurova ◽  
Charles F. Spurlock III
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Lncrna Expression ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as novel biomarkers for a variety of chronic conditions including autoimmune disease. PAXgene Blood RNA tubes are routinely used in clinical research and molecular diagnostic development to capture RNA profiles in peripheral whole blood. While the stability of mRNA expression profiles captured using PAXgene tubes has been documented previously, no previous work has determined the stability of lncRNA expression profiles observed in PAXgene tubes stored at − 80 °C. Here we sought to determine the effects on lncRNA expression profiles following − 80 °C storage of total RNA templates, cDNA synthesized using fresh or frozen total RNA template, and the impact of freeze–thaw cycles on both total RNA and cDNA obtained from PAXgene tubes. Results We find that storage of whole blood in PAXgene tubes, total RNA and cDNA for up to 1 year at − 80 °C or up to ten total RNA or cDNA freeze–thaw cycles do not significantly alter lncRNA expression profiles compared to baseline. As monthly expression profiles were determined, some month to month lncRNA expression variability was observed. However, all monthly observations fell within the 95% confidence interval calculated at baseline.

scholarly journals Effect of Freeze-Thaw on the Stability of a Cutting Slope in a High-Latitude and Low-Altitude Permafrost Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Yuxia Zhao ◽  
Liqun Wang ◽  
Han Li
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Safety Factor ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Permafrost Region ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Cutting Slope ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Permafrost Regions

In order to study the influence of freeze-thaw cycles on the stability of cutting slopes in high-latitude and low-altitude permafrost regions, we selected a cutting slope (the K105+700–800 section of National Highway 332) in the Elunchun Autonomous Banner in Inner Mongolia as the research object. Located in the Greater Xing’an Mountains, the permafrost in the Elunchun Autonomous Banner is a high-latitude and low-altitude permafrost. The area is also dominated by island-shaped permafrost, which increases the difficulty of dealing with cutting slopes, due to its morphological complexity. Surface collapse, caused by freeze-thaw erosion in this area, is the main reason for the instability of the cutting slope. Indoor freeze-thaw tests, field monitoring, and an ABAQUS numerical simulation model were conducted so as to quantify the decrease in rock strength and slope stability under freeze-thaw conditions. The following conclusions were drawn. (1) As the number of freeze-thaw cycles increased, the compressive strength of the rock specimens obtained from this slope gradually decreased. After 50 freeze-thaw cycles, the uniaxial compressive strength measured by the test decreased from 40 MPa to 12 MPa, a decrease of 37%. The elastic modulus value was reduced by 47%. (2) The safety factor of the slope—calculated by the strength reduction method under the dynamic analysis of coupled heat, moisture, and stress—gradually decreased. After 50 freeze-thaw cycles, the safety factor of the slope was only 0.74. (3) Reasonably reducing the number of freeze-thaw cycles, reducing the water content of the slope, slowing down the slope, and increasing the number of grading steps can effectively improve the stability of the slope. The results of this study can provide a reference for the design and stability analysis of slopes in permafrost regions of the Greater Xing’an Mountains.

Dietary Vitamin and Stability of Oral Anticoagulation: Proposal of a Diet with Constant Vitamin K1 Content

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (03) ◽  
pp. 504-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L Booth ◽  
Jacqueline M Charnley ◽  
James A Sadowski ◽  
Edward Saltzman ◽  
Edwin G Bovill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

SummaryCase reports cited in Medline or Biological Abstracts (1966-1996) were reviewed to evaluate the impact of vitamin K1 dietary intake on the stability of anticoagulant control in patients using coumarin derivatives. Reported nutrient-drug interactions cannot always be explained by the vitamin K1 content of the food items. However, metabolic data indicate that a consistent dietary intake of vitamin K is important to attain a daily equilibrium in vitamin K status. We report a diet that provides a stable intake of vitamin K1, equivalent to the current U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowance, using food composition data derived from high-performance liquid chromatography. Inconsistencies in the published literature indicate that prospective clinical studies should be undertaken to clarify the putative dietary vitamin K1-coumarin interaction. The dietary guidelines reported here may be used in such studies.

IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT DEBT ON FINANCIAL SECURITY OF UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Pikaliuk ◽  
◽  
Dmitry Kovalenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Public ◽  
Debt Security ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

One of the main criteria for economic development is the size of the public debt and its dynamics. The article considers the impact of public debt on the financial security of Ukraine. The views of scientists on the essence of public debt and financial security of the state are substantiated. An analysis of the dynamics and structure of public debt of Ukraine for 2014-2019. It is proved that one of the main criteria for economic development is the size of public debt and its dynamics. State budget deficit, attracting and using loans to cover it have led to the formation and significant growth of public debt in Ukraine. The volume of public debt indicates an increase in the debt security of the state, which is a component of financial security. Therefore, the issue of the impact of public debt on the financial security of Ukraine is becoming increasingly relevant. The constant growth and large amounts of debt make it necessary to study it, which will have a positive impact on economic processes that will ensure the stability of the financial system and enhance its security.

Influence of internal and external risks on sustainability of financial system of Аltai krai

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
R. N. Ibragimov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Risk Management Strategy ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the impact of internal and external risks on the stability of the financial system of the Altai Territory. Classification of internal and external risks of decline, affecting the sustainable development of the financial system, is presented. A risk management strategy is proposed that will allow monitoring of risks, thereby these measures will help reduce the loss of financial stability and ensure the long-term development of the economy of the region.

scholarly journals Influence of Whey Protein Micro-Gel Particles and Whey Protein Micro-Gel Particles-Xanthan Gum Complexes on the Stability of O/W Emulsions

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2301
Author(s):  
Man Zhang ◽  
Bin Liang ◽  
Hongjun He ◽  
Changjian Ji ◽  
Tingting Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Gel Particles ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

Appropriate pretreatment of proteins and addition of xanthan gum (XG) has the potential to improve the stability of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. However, the factors that regulate the enhancement and the mechanism are still not clear, which restricts the realization of improving the emulsion stability by directional design of its structure. Therefore, the effects of whey protein micro-gel particles (WPMPs) and WPMPs-XG complexes on the stability of O/W emulsion were investigated in this article to provide theoretical support. WPMPs with different structures were prepared by pretreatment (controlled high-speed shear treatment of heat-set WPC gels) at pH 3.5–8.5. The impact of initial WPC structure and XG addition on Turbiscan Indexes, mean droplet size and the peroxide values of O/W emulsions was investigated. The results indicate that WPMPs and XG can respectively inhibit droplet coalescence and gravitational separation to improve the physical stability of WPC-stabilized O/W emulsions. The pretreatment significantly enhanced the oxidative stability of WPC-stabilized O/W emulsions. The addition of XG did not necessarily enhance the oxidative stability of O/W emulsions. Whether the oxidative stability of the O/W emulsion with XG is increased or decreased depends on the interface structure of the protein-XG complex. This study has significant implications for the development of novel structures containing lipid phases that are susceptible to oxidation.

scholarly journals Post-Processing Techniques for the Improvement of Liposome Stability

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1023
Author(s):  
Ji Young Yu ◽  
Piyanan Chuesiang ◽  
Gye Hwa Shin ◽  
Hyun Jin Park
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Additional Process ◽  
Spray Freeze Drying ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Self Aggregation ◽  
Liposome Stability

Liposomes have been utilized as a drug delivery system to increase the bioavailability of drugs and to control the rate of drug release at the target site of action. However, the occurrence of self-aggregation, coalescence, flocculation and the precipitation of aqueous liposomes during formulation or storage can cause degradation of the vesicle structure, leading to the decomposition of liposomes. To increase the stability of liposomes, post-processing techniques have been applied as an additional process to liposomes after formulation to remove water and generate dry liposome particles with a higher stability and greater accessibility for drug administration in comparison with aqueous liposomes. This review covers the effect of these techniques including freeze drying, spray drying and spray freeze drying on the stability, physicochemical properties and drug encapsulation efficiency of dry liposomes. The parameters affecting the properties of liposomes during the drying process are also highlighted in this review. In addition, the impact of using a protective agent to overcome such limitations of each process is thoroughly discussed through various studies.

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