Effects of Test-Driven Development: A Comparative Analysis of Empirical Studies

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to assess travel insurance as a method of protection against the risk of sport tourism on the basis of a review of insurance products on the Polish and Croatian markets with emphasis on those prepared for practicing biking tourism. Method. A review of the literature and comparative analysis of the existing range of insurance products within both markets. Findings. The revue was focused on selected insurance products of leading insurance companies on the Polish and Croatian markets. The overview of available insurance products in the field of active tourism is an indication of effective protection against the risk for people taking up endeavors other than those which are considered everyday activities. Research and conclusion limitations. There is no definition of travel insurance in the Polish literature, but it is insurance aimed at satisfying the financial needs arising from the implementation of risk-taking activity for the entity. Empirical studies include leading insurers on the markets mentioned above within their scope of travel insurance offers for active sport tourism. Practical implications. Increasing the forethought of insurance for tourists through awareness of risk and the available insurance coverage. Originality. The paper concerns the important issue of protection against the risk in active sport tourism. It should be emphasized that the Croatian tourist market provides diversified sources of risk financing and insurance which is judged to be the most important method of financing risk in tourism. A comparative analysis of the Polish and Croatian was chosen due to the attractiveness of both countries in terms of tourism resources and intensive economic cooperation in the tourism sector. Type of paper. A combination of an overview with empirical studies.

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Power and False Negatives in Qualitative Comparative Analysis: Foundations, Simulation and Estimation for Empirical Studies

Political Analysis ◽

10.1017/pan.2017.30 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 72-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ingo Rohlfing

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Null Hypothesis ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

False Negative ◽

Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽

Truth Table ◽

Permutation Testing ◽

Ex Post ◽

Table Analysis ◽

Sole Criterion

In Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), empirical researchers use the consistency value as one, if not sole, criterion to decide whether an association between a term and an outcome is consistent with a set-relational claim. Braumoeller (2015) points out that the consistency value is unsuitable for this purpose. We need to know the probability of obtaining it under the null hypothesis of no systematic relation. He introduces permutation testing for estimating the $p$ value of a consistency score as a safeguard against false positives. In this paper, I introduce permutation-based power estimation as a safeguard against false-negative conclusions. Low power might lead to the false exclusion of truth table rows from the minimization procedure and the generation and interpretation of invalid solutions. For a variety of constellations between an alternative and null hypothesis and numbers of cases, simulations demonstrate that power estimates can range from 1 to 0. Ex post power analysis for 63 truth table analyses shows that even under the most favorable constellation of parameters, about half of them can be considered low-powered. This points to the value of estimating power and calculating the required number of cases before the truth table analysis.

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European integration, party strategies, and state restructuring: a comparative analysis

European Political Science Review ◽

10.1017/s1755773913000076 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 213-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paolo Dardanelli

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

European Integration ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽

Causal Mechanism ◽

Sharp Drop ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Party Strategies ◽

State Restructuring ◽

The Cross

To what extent and in what way does European integration fuel state restructuring? This is a long-standing but still not a fully answered question. While the theoretical literature suggests a positive link between the two, previous empirical studies have reached contrasting conclusions. The article offers an alternative testing of the proposition, centred on the role of party strategies as a causal mechanism, analysed across space and time. On the cross-sectional axis, it focusses on parties in Flanders and Wallonia (Belgium), Lombardy and Sicily (Italy), Catalonia and Andalusia (Spain), and Scotland and Wales (United Kingdom). On the cross-temporal axis, it focuses on four critical junctures connecting integration and state restructuring. It analyses the degree to which ‘Europe’ has been strategically used in connection to state restructuring and which conditions have been necessary and/or sufficient to that outcome. The analysis has been conducted on the basis of a Qualitative Comparative Analysis methodology. Five main results emerge: (1) overall, parties have generally exploited ‘Europe’ in connection with state restructuring to a limited extent only but in a few cases exploitation has been very intense and intimately linked to strategic turning points; (2) ‘Europe’ has overwhelmingly been used to support state restructuring; (3) the most intense use has been made by regional parties with a secessionist position and positive attitude to the EU; (4) ‘use of Europe’ is a product of a complex conjunctural effect of several conditions; (5) it has increased over time but is not a linear product of integration, a sharp drop can be observed between the two most recent time points. These findings show that European integration can indeed exercise causal influence upon state restructuring via party strategies but that this is highly contingent on the complex interaction of multiple factors.

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Changes in the gender ideals of high school students (2010 - 2018)

Telescope Journal of Sociological and Marketing Research ◽

10.33491/telescope2019.5-602 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 17-22

Author(s):

Konstantin Divisenko

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

School Students ◽

Men And Women ◽

Gender Perceptions ◽

Gender Ideals ◽

Comparison Of The Results

The article presents the results of the comparative analysis of high school students' gender perceptions, including the comparison of the results of the two empirical studies (2010 and 2018) on the significant qualities of ideal women and men. The compatibility of the two series allows to speak of the presence of certain changes that had happened within the students' perceptions in last 8 years. The results point at the certain stability of their gender perceptions and differentiation of images of ideal men and women. As exposed, young men's views are more traditional and conservative, while most girls are more inclined towards egalitarian views (especially in 2018).

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TDD Dynamics: Understanding the Impact of Test-Driven Development on Software Quality and Productivity

10.32920/ryerson.14661051.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yahha Rafique

Keyword(s):

Empirical Research ◽

Large Scale ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Extreme Programming ◽

Second Phase ◽

Moderator Variables ◽

Empirical Measures ◽

Test Driven Development ◽

The Impact

Test-Driven Development (TDD) is one of the cornerstone practices of the Extreme Programming agile methodology. Today, despite the large scale adoption of TDD in industry, including large software firms such as Microsoft and IBM, its usefulness with regard to the quality and productivity constructs it still under question. Empirical Research has failed to produce conclusive results; all possible results have been reported for both constructs. This research adopts non-empirical measures to gain a deeper understanding of TDD. A two-phased approach has been undertaken towards the goal. The first phase involves conducting a meta-analysis of past empirical research. The meta-analysis quantitatively combines the results of individual empirical studies and identifies moderator variables that could potentially govern the performance of TDD. The second phase of the approach involves the construction of a simulation model of a TDD-based development process. The presented model further analyzes the impact of changes in moderator variables.

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The Theory of Post-Truth. Identification and Limitation of Fake News

21st Century Media and Communications ◽

10.54664/bovf3099 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maya Vasileva

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Political Communication ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Fake News ◽

Media Environment ◽

Emotional Context ◽

Main Thesis ◽

Alternative Facts ◽

The Media

The paper presents the theoretical and research aspects of media interrelations among the phenomena of post-truth, fake news, populist statements, and the use of alternative facts in political communication. It conducts a comparative analysis of these concepts and analyzes illustrative examples from the media environment in which the terms operate in the same information discourse. The main focus is on two key academic empirical studies whose theoretical and empirical scholarly approaches point to the main thesis of this paper – that post-truth and fake news create an emotional context of information perception and that this is the basis on which consumers and voters shape their behavior, reactions, understandings and views.

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Understanding the rohingya crisis :

Bangladesh Journal of Public Administration (BJPA) ◽

10.36609/bjpa.v29i2.214 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Mamun

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Legal Framework ◽

Huge Number ◽

Current Crisis ◽

Good Intention ◽

The Law ◽

The Government ◽

Made In

The current crisis in Myanmar concerning the Rohingya people has resulted in a huge number of stateless refugees. An answer to the citizenship of these refugees is urgently required. This study summarizes the comparative analysis of the existing citizenship framework of Myanmar with the older version. After briefly reviewing earlier legal framework Citizenship Law of the Union 1948 concomitant to the 1947 Constitution of Burma, the study analyzes the changes made in Citizenship Law of Burma 1982 concomitant to the 1974 Constitution. Major results from the empirical studies conducted earlier suggest that there exist three types of citizenship in Myanmar while this study has found that there are four types of citizenship prevails in Myanmar. The study also has come out with the finding that there exists very little scope for Myanmar government to legalize a large number of Rohingya populations unless the Law is revised first. Therefore, the government should focus on the revision of the law if it really wants to prove its good intention for a sustainable solution.

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TDD Dynamics: Understanding the Impact of Test-Driven Development on Software Quality and Productivity

10.32920/ryerson.14661051 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yahha Rafique

Keyword(s):

Empirical Research ◽

Large Scale ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Extreme Programming ◽

Second Phase ◽

Moderator Variables ◽

Empirical Measures ◽

Test Driven Development ◽

The Impact

Test-Driven Development (TDD) is one of the cornerstone practices of the Extreme Programming agile methodology. Today, despite the large scale adoption of TDD in industry, including large software firms such as Microsoft and IBM, its usefulness with regard to the quality and productivity constructs it still under question. Empirical Research has failed to produce conclusive results; all possible results have been reported for both constructs. This research adopts non-empirical measures to gain a deeper understanding of TDD. A two-phased approach has been undertaken towards the goal. The first phase involves conducting a meta-analysis of past empirical research. The meta-analysis quantitatively combines the results of individual empirical studies and identifies moderator variables that could potentially govern the performance of TDD. The second phase of the approach involves the construction of a simulation model of a TDD-based development process. The presented model further analyzes the impact of changes in moderator variables.

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Addressing the Challenges Related to Transforming Qualitative Into Quantitative Data in Qualitative Comparative Analysis

Journal of Mixed Methods Research ◽

10.1177/1558689818770061 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 503-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Debora de Block ◽

Barbara Vis

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Quantitative Data ◽

Mixed Methods Research ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽

Calibration Data ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

Data Presentation ◽

Data Calibration

The use of qualitative data has so far received relatively little attention in methodological discussions on qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). This article addresses this lacuna by discussing the challenges researchers face when transforming qualitative data into quantitative data in QCA. By reviewing 29 empirical studies using qualitative data for QCA, we explore common practices related to data calibration, data presentation, and sensitivity testing. Based on these three issues, we provide considerations when using qualitative data for QCA, which are relevant both for QCA scholars working with qualitative data and the wider mixed methods research community involved in quantitizing.

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Liminal leadership: leading betwixt and between

European Journal of Training and Development ◽

10.1108/ejtd-01-2019-0010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (7/8) ◽

pp. 643-660

Author(s):

Leslie Shaw-VanBuskirk ◽

Doo Hun Lim ◽

Shin-Hee Jeong

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Conceptual Framework ◽

Human Resource Development ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Theoretical Background ◽

Leadership Theories ◽

Workplace Issues ◽

Content Type ◽

Organizational Settings ◽

Leadership Components

Purpose The purpose of this study is to review the literature on liminal leadership, present a comprehensive perspective of it compared to other types of leadership, propose a conceptual framework of liminal leadership and provide a case on how liminal leadership addresses modern workplace issues in the ever-changing and competitive global environment. Design/methodology/approach This research is conceptual in nature. For this, the authors searched literature on organizational and leadership theories of liminality within organizational settings and analyzed various leadership perspectives to develop a construct of liminal leadership. Findings The comparative analysis revealed different and/or similar characteristics of liminal leadership with other types of leadership theories. On the basis of the comparative analysis, a synthesis of liminal leadership and a proposed conceptual framework to pursue future studies of liminal leadership are provided. Research limitations/implications First, the notion of liminal leadership is emerging; few have been conducted to investigate the concept. Therefore, the authors’ approach to compose the theoretical background of liminal leadership is limited. Second, they drew a logical framework of leadership components a liminal leader might use from chosen leadership theories which had some kinship and likeness to liminal leadership. However, the comparative analysis of the relationship is limited because of the conceptually based nature of analysis. Third, the proposed model of liminal leadership is tentative and conceptual in nature. Empirical studies are needed to verify the psychometric structure and reliability of the model. Originality/value Despite its importance and a sense of urgency, almost no discussion on liminal leadership or liminality can be found in the field of HRD. The limited knowledge associated with liminal leadership places high value on the results of this study. This paper will provide a seminal base that may stimulate future human resource development (HRD) scholars. The purpose for this study is to contribute a conceptualization of liminal leadership as it applies to the field of HRD as leading and facilitating organizational changes.

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