Simplifying the Proteome: Analytical Strategies for Improving Peak Capacity

2014 ◽  
pp. 59-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee A. Gethings ◽  
Joanne B. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Peak Capacity ◽  
Analytical Strategies

Effects of Psychotherapy on Brain Activation Patterns in Anxiety Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 224 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Straube
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Neuronal Plasticity ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
New Learning ◽  
Analytical Strategies ◽  
Sample Characteristics

Abstract. Psychotherapy is an effective treatment for most mental disorders, including anxiety disorders. Successful psychotherapy implies new learning experiences and therefore neural alterations. With the increasing availability of functional neuroimaging methods, it has become possible to investigate psychotherapeutically induced neuronal plasticity across the whole brain in controlled studies. However, the detectable effects strongly depend on neuroscientific methods, experimental paradigms, analytical strategies, and sample characteristics. This article summarizes the state of the art, discusses current theoretical and methodological issues, and suggests future directions of the research on the neurobiology of psychotherapy in anxiety disorders.

scholarly journals Analyzing Failed Institutional Change Attempts

2021 ◽  
pp. 106591292198944
Author(s):  
Sukriti Issar ◽  
Matthias Dilling
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Change Agents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coalition Building ◽  
Strategic Action ◽  
Formal Stability ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
Analytical Strategies ◽  
Empirical Regularity

Theoretical advances in the study of institutional change center around a productive paradox. While change agents can take strategic action to change institutions, institutions display a remarkable level of formal stability. From this paradox, we expect that attempts to change institutions are an empirical regularity and that many formal change attempts will fail. This article contributes to historical institutionalism by analyzing the political effects of failed formal institutional change attempts on institutional sequences. Failed institutional change attempts could be mere blips, having little effect on subsequent institutional trajectories, or even inoculate against future attempts. Failed attempts could also lay the ideational groundwork, aid in coalition building, and garner concessions for subsequent institutional change, or convince change agents to alter their strategy. The article suggests analytical strategies to assess the effects of failed institutional change attempts, drawing on examples from comparative politics and two extended case illustrations from Italian party politics and the Affordable Care Act in the United States.

Aminoquinolines as fluorescent labels for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography of oligosaccharides

2012 ◽  
Vol 393 (8) ◽  
pp. 757-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weston B. Struwe ◽  
Pauline M. Rudd
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Peak Capacity ◽  
Fluorescent Labels ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Hydrophilic Interaction ◽  
Optimal Excitation ◽  
Complex Sample

Abstract In this study, we investigated the potential of four different aminoquinoline (AQ) compounds as fluorescent labels for glycan analysis using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and fluorescence detection (FLD). We confirmed the optimal excitation and emission wavelengths of 3-AQ and 6-AQ conjugated to glycan standards using three-dimensional fluorescent spectral scanning. The optimal excitation and emission wavelengths for 6-AQ were confirmed at λex=355 nm and λem=440 nm. We concluded that the optimal wavelengths for 3-AQ were λex=355 nm and λem=420 nm, which differed considerably from the wavelengths applied in previous reports. HILIC-FLD chromatograms using experimentally determined wavelengths were similar to 2-aminobenzamide controls, but the peak capacity and resolution differed significantly when published 3-AQ λex/em values were applied. Furthermore, we found that 5-AQ and 8-AQ labeled maltohexaose did not display any fluorescent pro\xadperties when used as a carbohydrate tag for HPLC analysis. Finally, we applied experimentally determined wavelengths to 3-AQ labeled N-glycans released from human IgG to illustrate changes in retention time as well as to demonstrate that AQ labeling is applicable to complex sample analysis via exoglycosidase sequencing.

Mass spectrometry as a versatile ancillary technique for the rapid in situ identification of lichen metabolites directly from TLC plates

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre LE POGAM ◽  
Aline PILLOT ◽  
Françoise LOHEZIC-LE DEVEHAT ◽  
Anne-Cécile LE LAMER ◽  
Béatrice LEGOUIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Chemical Profiling ◽  
Analytical Strategies ◽  
Tlc Plates ◽  
Lichen Metabolites ◽  
Acetone Extracts ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Structural Classes

AbstractThin-layer chromatography (TLC) still enjoys widespread popularity among lichenologists as one of the fastest and simplest analytical strategies, today remaining the primary method of assessing the secondary product content of lichens. The pitfalls associated with this approach are well known as TLC leads to characterizing compounds by comparison with standards rather than properly identifying them, which might lead to erroneous assignments, accounting for the long-held interest in hyphenating TLC with dedicated identification tools. As such, commercially available TLC/Mass Spectrometry (MS) interfaces can be easily connected to any brand of mass spectrometer without adjustments. The spots of interest are extracted from the TLC plate to retrieve mass spectrometric signals within one minute, thereby ensuring accurate identification of the chromatographed substances. The results of this hyphenated strategy for lichens are presented here by 1) describing the TLC migration and direct MS analysis of single lichen metabolites of various structural classes, 2) highlighting it through the chemical profiling of crude acetone extracts of a set of lichens of known chemical composition, and finally 3) applying it to a lichen of unknown profile, Usnea trachycarpa.

The Discovery Channel: microfluidics and microengineered systems in drug screening

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Drug Screening ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Analytical Strategies ◽  
Discovery Pipeline

We highlight exciting findings and promising approaches in the recent literature in which researchers integrate advanced micro-engineering, design, and analytical strategies to improve the relevance and utility of high-throughput screening in the drug discovery pipeline.

scholarly journals Multidimensional Analytical Characterization of Water-Soluble Organic Aerosols: Challenges and New Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2539
Author(s):  
Regina M. B. O. Duarte ◽  
João T. V. Matos ◽  
Armando C. Duarte
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Chemical Complexity ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
High Resolution Mass ◽  
Analytical Strategies ◽  
Resolution Mass

Water-soluble organic aerosols (OA) are an important component of air particles and one of the key drivers that impact both climate and human health. Understanding the processes involving water-soluble OA depends on how well the chemical composition of this aerosol component is decoded. Yet, obtaining detailed information faces several challenges, including water-soluble OA collection, extraction, and chemical complexity. This review highlights the multidimensional non-targeted analytical strategies that have been developed and employed for providing new insights into the structural and molecular features of water-soluble organic components present in air particles. First, the most prominent high-resolution mass spectrometric methods for near real-time measurements of water-soluble OA and their limitations are discussed. Afterward, a special emphasis is given to the degree of compositional information provided by offline multidimensional analytical techniques, namely excitation–emission (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and their hyphenation with chromatographic systems. The major challenges ahead on the application of these multidimensional analytical strategies for OA research are also addressed so that they can be used advantageously in future studies.

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