Reverse Osmosis and Other Treatment Technologies

Author(s):  
Mohammed H. Dore
Author(s):  
A. Pervov ◽  
K. Tikhonov

Исследована возможность обработки бытовых сточных вод методом обратного осмоса с целью получения высококачественной воды, пригодной для сброса в водоем рыбохозяйственного назначения или для технических нужд. Представлено обоснование возможности утилизации концентрата установки обратного осмоса путем радикального сокращения его расхода до величины, не превышающей 0,51 расхода поступающей на очистку воды, и выведения концентрата с установки вместе с обезвоженным осадком в виде его влажности. Проведены эксперименты, позволяющие определить изменение концентрации растворенных загрязнений в фильтрате мембранных аппаратов и снижение производительности мембран в процессе обработки сточных вод и сокращения расхода концентрата. Получены основные зависимости, позволяющие определить: требуемый расход концентрата установки в зависимости от концентрации взвешенных веществ и ХПК требуемые значения выхода фильтрата в зависимости от концентраций аммония в исходной воде. Описана методика определения площади поверхности мембран и количества мембранных аппаратов на каждой ступени обработки сточной воды. Определены оптимальные значения рабочего давления, экономические показатели установки в сравнении с другими технологиями очистки сточных вод.Possible treatment of domestic wastewater by the reverse osmosis with the purpose of producing high-quality effluent suitable for the discharge into fishery water bodies or for the use as process water has been investigated. Possible recycling of reject water from a reverse osmosis unit by drastically reducing the flow rate to the value less than 0.51 of the incoming flow and removing the reject water as a moisture component of the dewatered sludge is presented. Experiments have been carried out to determine the change in the concentration of dissolved solids in the filtrate of the membrane apparatus and a decrease in the membrane capacity in the process of wastewater treatment and reject water flow reduction. The obtained dependencies allow to determine the following: the required flow rate of the reject water depending on the concentration of suspended solids and COD the required filtrate yield depending on the concentration of ammonium in raw wastewater. The methodology for determining the surface area of membranes and the number of membrane apparatus at each stage of wastewater treatment is described. The optimal values of working pressure, economic indicators of the unit in comparison with other wastewater treatment technologies were determined.


2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. Khan ◽  
T. Wintgens ◽  
P. Sherman ◽  
J. Zaricky ◽  
A.I. Schäfer

An advanced water recycling demonstration plant was employed to investigate the effectiveness of a number of treatment technologies in the removal of some residuals of commonly prescribed pharmaceuticals as well as natural and synthetic hormones found in sewage. Analysis of targeted compounds was carried out by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Initial tests were undertaken to determine the background concentrations of the analytes during various stages of treatment. Subsequent tests, undertaken by spiking with standard solutions of the target compounds provided further information on the removal efficiencies of some selected treatment modules. The results of the study indicate that while ozonation, microfiltration and nanofiltration were partially effective, treatment by reverse osmosis was the most universally successful in the removal of the target residuals. While significantly more data is required for a full evaluation, this initial investigation suggests that reverse osmosis may be an effective means of removing a wider range of pharmaceutically active residuals and hormones from treated sewage.


2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pérez-González ◽  
A.M. Urtiaga ◽  
R. Ibáñez ◽  
I. Ortiz

Desalination ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 357 ◽  
pp. 140-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Löwenberg ◽  
Jörn Ansgar Baum ◽  
Yannick-Serge Zimmermann ◽  
Cornelis Groot ◽  
Wilbert van den Broek ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusa Idaman Said

Water is a very basic need for humans, especially for cooking and drinking. With the rapid growth of population in particular need of clean water for the community also increased in numbers. The problem is with the poor quality of raw water for drinking water, then in addition to expanding its production costs, the result is often less good. One of the problems or issues that are often found in drinking water in the world these days that is the emergence of compounds called Trihalomethanes or THMs abbreviated, as a side effect of the disinfection process with a chlorine gas or hypochlorite compounds.Currently, to removal organic pollutants, ammonia, detergents, odor and other micro pollutants in drinking water, PAM is usually used by the process of manufacturing processes using adsorbsi Powder Active Carbon Adsorption, continued with physicals processing is the process of coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and disinfection with chlorine. With increasingly high prices of powdered activated carbon, coagulant and flocculant chemicals, then the cost of treating drinking water to be increasing. To solve the problem above, one alternative is to develop clean water treatment technologies using a combination of biofiltration and ultrafiltration process, and to produce drinking water to proceed with processing using the process of reverse osmosis. Within the combination of biofiltration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis processes to treat the river water can be produced the drinking water with a very good quality without the use of chemicals for coagulation-flocculation process, and operational costs are relatively low. Key words : Air siap minum, biofiltrasi, ultrafiltrasi, reverse osmosis


Author(s):  
Mehtap Dursun Çelebi ◽  
Mehmet Dilaver ◽  
Mehmet Kobya

Abstract Reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) is one of the major drawbacks in membrane treatment technologies specifically due to the scale-forming ions. It is important to remove these ions from ROC to enhance total water recovery and reuse in the textile industry that is the largest water-consumer and polluter industry. In this work, coagulation/high pH precipitation (CP) integrated with ceramic microfiltration (CMF) was studied as a pretreatment method followed by nanofiltration (NF) to increase the efficiency of water recovery. To prevent organic fouling, ferric chloride (FeCl3) was applied at a concentration of 3 mM, and ceramic membranes were used for the removal of non-precipitating crystals and/or suspended solids (at high pH) before the NF processes. The CP-CMF method successfully removed calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), silica (SiO2), and TOC up to 97, 83, 92, and 87% respectively, which resulted in higher performance of the NF process. Moreover, this method provided higher flux at lower pressure that ultimately increased overall water recovery of the NF process to achieve near-zero liquid discharge (n-ZLD). A cost-benefit estimation showed that a high-quality effluent (COD<5 mg/L; conductivity 700<μS/cm; negligible residual color) can be generated and recycled in the textile industry at an economical cost (approximately 0.97 USD/m3). Therefore, ROC minimization and water recovery can help to achieve n-ZLD using CP-CMF/NF method.


2014 ◽  
pp. 610-616
Author(s):  
Sanjay V. Patil

Molasses based distilleries in India are now classified as ‘Red Category’ because of the pollution caused by vinasse. The stringent norms being enforced by the pollution control authorities have posed many technical challenges and resulted in the development of advanced and cleaner technologies for effective and economical disposal of vinasse. There has been a shift from the end of pipe treatment to an integrated waste management in order to achieve zero liquid discharge. Anaerobic treatment to generate biogas, aerobic surface composting to manufacture bio-compost and reverse osmosis or multiple effect evaporation systems for concentration of vinasse are now well established. Advanced technologies such as concentrated vinasse incineration, and co-processing of vinasse in cement plants are also being investigated. This paper presents an overview of the latest technologies employed for fermentation and distillation, advantages and limitations of the various effluent treatment technologies and prospects for implementation of emerging technologies. The paper also provides recommendations for further improvement in established technologies for vinasse treatment.


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