Automated Road Transport Systems (ARTS)—The Safe Way to Integrate Automated Road Transport in Urban Areas

The smart city transport concept is viewed as a future vision aiming to undertake investigations on the urban planning process and to construct policy-pathways for achieving future targets. Therefore, this paper sets out three visions for the year 2035 which bring about a radical change in the level of green transport systems (often called walking, cycling, and public transport) in Turkish urban areas. A participatory visioning technique was structured according to a three-stage technique: (i) Extensive online comprehensive survey, in which potential transport measures were researched for their relevance in promoting smart transport systems in future Turkish urban areas; (ii) semi-structured interviews, where transport strategy suggestions were developed in the context of the possible imaginary urban areas and their associated contextual description of the imaginary urban areas for each vision; (iii) participatory workshops, where an innovative method was developed to explore various creative future choices and alternatives. Overall, this paper indicates that the content of the future smart transport visions was reasonable, but such visions need a considerable degree of consensus and radical approaches for tackling them. The findings offer invaluable insights to researchers inquiring about the smart transport field, and policy-makers considering applying those into practice in their local urban areas.

Download Full-text

Electric Mobility in Cities: The Case of Vienna

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14010217 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 217

Author(s):

Amela Ajanovic ◽

Marina Siebenhofer ◽

Reinhard Haas

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicles ◽

Future Development ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Road Transport ◽

Electric Mobility ◽

Policy Framework ◽

The Future ◽

Historical Developments

Environmental problems such as air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions are especially challenging in urban areas. Electric mobility in different forms may be a solution. While in recent years a major focus was put on private electric vehicles, e-mobility in public transport is already a very well-established and mature technology with a long history. The core objective of this paper is to analyze the economics of e-mobility in the Austrian capital of Vienna and the corresponding impact on the environment. In this paper, the historical developments, policy framework and scenarios for the future development of mobility in Vienna up to 2030 are presented. A major result shows that in an ambitious scenario for the deployment of battery electric vehicles, the total energy demand in road transport can be reduced by about 60% in 2030 compared to 2018. The major conclusion is that the policies, especially subsidies and emission-free zones will have the largest impact on the future development of private and public e-mobility in Vienna. Regarding the environmental performance, the most important is to ensure that a very high share of electricity used for electric mobility is generated from renewable energy sources.

Download Full-text

A Theoretical Model with Which to Safely Optimize the Configuration of Hydraulic Suspension of Modular Trailers in Special Road Transport

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11010305 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 305

Author(s):

Rubén Escribano-García ◽

Marina Corral-Bobadilla ◽

Fátima Somovilla-Gómez ◽

Rubén Lostado-Lorza ◽

Ash Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Model ◽

Wind Turbine ◽

Optimization Algorithm ◽

Hydraulic Cylinder ◽

Road Transport ◽

Automatic Testing ◽

Transport Systems ◽

The Road ◽

Proposed Model ◽

On The Road

The dimensions and weight of machines, structures, and components that need to be transported safely by road are growing constantly. One of the safest and most widely used transport systems on the road today due to their versatility and configuration are modular trailers. These trailers have hydraulic pendulum axles that are that are attached in pairs to the rigid platform above. In turn, these modular trailers are subject to limitations on the load that each axle carries, the tipping angle, and the oil pressure of the suspension system in order to guarantee safe transport by road. Optimizing the configuration of these modular trailers accurately and safely is a complex task. Factors to be considered include the load’s characteristics, the trailer’s mechanical properties, and road route conditions including the road’s slope and camber, precipitation and direction, and force of the wind. This paper presents a theoretical model that can be used for the optimal configuration of hydraulic cylinder suspension of special transport by road using modular trailers. It considers the previously mentioned factors and guarantees the safe stability of road transport. The proposed model was validated experimentally by placing a nacelle wind turbine at different points within a modular trailer. The weight of the wind turbine was 42,500 kg and its dimensions were 5133 × 2650 × 2975 mm. Once the proposed model was validated, an optimization algorithm was employed to find the optimal center of gravity for load, number of trailers, number of axles, oil pressures, and hydraulic configuration. The optimization algorithm was based on the iterative and automatic testing of the proposed model for different positions on the trailer and different hydraulic configurations. The optimization algorithm was tested with a cylindrical tank that weighed 108,500 kg and had dimensions of 19,500 × 3200 × 2500 mm. The results showed that the proposed model and optimization algorithm could safely optimize the configuration of the hydraulic suspension of modular trailers in special road transport, increase the accuracy and reliability of the calculation of the load configuration, save time, simplify the calculation process, and be easily implemented.

Download Full-text

Sustainable Transport in the Danube Region

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13126797 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 6797

Author(s):

Peter Mako ◽

Andrej Dávid ◽

Patrik Böhm ◽

Sorin Savu

Keyword(s):

Water Transport ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Environmentally Friendly ◽

Road Transport ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Main Question ◽

Inland Water ◽

Danube Region ◽

Inland Water Transport

Sustainability of transport systems is a key issue in transport. The main question is whether high levels of road and railway transport in areas along navigable waterways is an effective solution for this issue. The Danube waterway is an example. Generally, it is not observed that traffic performance is not as high as on the Rhine. This paper deals with the revelation of the available capacity of this waterway based on approximation functions and their comparison with real transport performances. This methodology points to the level of use of waterways. The connection of this model with the production of fossil fuels creates a basis for a case study. The case study in this paper offers a possibility for a sustainable and environmentally friendly transition from road transport to inland water transport on the example of specific transport routes. The main contribution of this paper is a presentation of the application of sustainable models of use transport capacity to increase the share of environmentally friendly and sustainable inland water transport. The conclusion based on the case study and materials is that the available capacity of inland water transport on the Danube could support the transition of traffic performances to sustainable and environmentally friendly means of transport.

Download Full-text

Positioning and integrity monitoring using the new DFMC SBAS service in the road transport

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-195 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kan Wang ◽

Ahmed El-Mowafy

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Road Transport ◽

Distribution Functions ◽

Cumulative Distribution ◽

Performance Standard ◽

Civil Aviation ◽

Dual Frequency ◽

Test Bed ◽

Integrity Monitoring ◽

Positioning Errors

Australia and New Zealand has initiated a two-year test-bed in 2017 for the new generation of Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS). In addition to the legacy L1 service, the test-bed broadcasts SBAS messages through L5 to support the dual-frequency multi-constellation (DFMC) service for GPS and Galileo. Furthermore, PPP corrections were also sent via L1 and L5 to support the PPP service for dual-frequency GPS users and GPS/Galileo users, respectively.The positioning and integrity monitoring process are currently defined for the aeronautical DFMC SBAS service in [1]. For land applications in road transport, users may encounter problems in complicated measurement environments like urban areas, e.g., more complicated multipath effects and frequent filter initializations of the carrier-smoothed code observations. In this study, a new weighting model related to the elevation angles, the signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and the filter smoothing time is developed. The weighting coefficients adjusting the impacts of these factors are studied for the open-sky, the suburban and the urban scenarios. Applying the corresponding weighting models, the overbounding cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of the weighted noise/biases are searched and proposed for these scenarios.Using real data collected under different measurement scenarios mentioned above, the DFMC SBAS positioning errors and protection levels are computed in the horizontal direction based on the proposed weighting models and the proposed overbounding CDFs. The results are compared with the case applying only the traditional elevation-dependent weighting model. While the positioning accuracy and protection levels did not change much for the open-sky scenario, the RMS of the positioning errors and the average protection levels are found to be reduced in both the suburban and urban scenarios.&#160;[1] EUROCAE (2019) Minimum operational performance standard for Galileo/global positioning system/satellite-based augmentation system airborne equipment. The European Organisation for civil aviation equipment, ED-259, February 2019

Download Full-text

The concept of average speed measurements network in the West Pomeranian

AUTOBUSY – Technika Eksploatacja Systemy Transportowe ◽

10.24136/atest.2018.390 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (12) ◽

pp. 238-241

Author(s):

Katarzyna Sosik

Keyword(s):

Traffic Safety ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Road Transport ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Intelligent Transport Systems ◽

The West ◽

Accident Rate ◽

Average Speed ◽

Intelligent Transport ◽

Road Traffic Safety

The article presents the concept of implementing a network of average speed measurements in the West Pomeranian. The author focused on solutions of Intelligent Transport Systems to improve the safety of road transport. The first part of the article discusses the state of road traffic safety in the West Pomeranian. In the next part, the solutions of Intelligent Transport Systems used to record the speed of road vehicles and the method of data recording and processing were discussed. In the third part, the accident maps and the locations of the stored sectional speed measurements were analysed, on the basis of which the proposition of places for the implementation of the network of average speed measurements was created due to the high accident rate.

Download Full-text