Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Dredging Efficiency in Bangladesh

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the dredging systems and dredging machinery used in "capital" and "maintenance" dredging in Bangladesh can enhance the efficiency of the machines and dredging process, enabling the operators to perform regular and repetitive dredging tasks safely in the rivers, ports, and estuaries all over the country. AI, including Big Data, Machine Learning, Internet of Thing, Blockchain and Sensors and Simulators with their catalytic potentials, can systematically compile and evaluate specific data collected from different sources, develop applications or simulators, connect the stakeholders on a virtual platform, store lakes of information without compromising their intellectual rights, predicting models to harness the challenges, minimise the cost of dredging, identify possible threats and help protect the already dredged areas by giving timely signals for further maintenance. Furthermore, the application of AI modulated dredging devices and machinery can play a significant role when monitoring aspects becomes crucial, keeping environmental impacts mitigated without affecting the quality of the human environment. This study includes the evaluation of the application of AI – its prospect and challenges in the existing dredging systems in Bangladesh against the backdrop of the challenges faced in capital and maintenance dredging in the major rivers – and assess whether such inclusion of AI is likely to minimise the cost of dredging in the rivers of Bangladesh and facilitate the materialisation of the objectives of Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100.This paper studies the organisation's infrastructural requirement for the integration of AI into dredging systems, using benchmarking such as 1- "Understanding AI Ready Approach", 2-"Strategies for Implementing AI", 3-"Data Management", 4-"Creating AI Literate Workforce and Upskilling", and 5-"Identifying Threats" concerning the management and dredging operations of Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority (BIWTA), under Bangladesh Ministry of Shipping and Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB). The paper also uses several case studies such as channel dredging to show that the use of AI can bring a significant change in the dredging operations both in reducing the cost of dredging and in terms of harnessing the barriers in adaptive management and environmental impacts.

Digital information system for inland water transport vessels based on AIS

The most important role in ensuring navigation safety on inland waterways is played by the timely provision of navigators with timely and reliable navigational, meteorological and track information, as well as safety information. To solve this problem, the complexes of automatic identification stations’ coastal and ship networks deployed currently can be used. This communication channel (with free traffic for inland waterway transport) is currently used extremely ineffectively due to a small number of serviced vessels. The article substantiates the structure of a digital information system based on deployed networks of automatic identification stations for inland navigation vessels and its functional purpose. The issues of algorithmic and software support development for the process of preparation, transmission, reception and processing of transmitted information are considered. The structure of the database and algorithms for the formalized information packets’ formation in the direction of bank-to-ship are proposed. The formats of address and broadcast messages are presented. A variant of transmitting differential corrections to ships from control-correcting stations via networks of automatic identification stations without using the currently used radio channel is considered. The options for the dialog boxes of the digital information system for the dispatcher and the navigator are given.

Comparative analysis of the structure of passenger transportation in Russia

Passenger transport of the country has a significant impact on the level of its economic development, providing the connection of the population with objects of industrial, social, cultural and household purposes.In Russia, intercity passenger transportation by public transport is mainly represented by bus, rail, aviation (aircraft) and water (domestic). The article analyzes the dynamics of passenger transportation and passenger turnover of public transport for the period from 2015 to 2020, presents a calculation of the number of flights performed by bus, rail, air (aircraft) and water (domestic) transport, identifies the reasons for the lack of development of passenger transportation and suggests solutions.It is established that inland water transport is currently undergoing decline and state intervention is necessary for their development. Also, during the period under review, there is a decrease in the popularity of buses and a preference for private transport to public, it is necessary to improve the quality of transportation. The indicators of air and rail transport have positive dynamics, but they also require growth. The development of air transport in Russia can be carried out by the introduction of new services, for example, air taxi, rail-transport in the field of urban and suburban communications, the construction of new high - speed highways. In 2020, due to the announcement of restrictions on movement and quarantine measures, there is a sharp decline in indicators for all types of transport.The materials can be used to analyze and improve the work of the country's passenger complex.

Determination of the optimal modes of filling and emptying the chamber of the navigational lock of a low-pressure hydroelectric complex

The construction of the low-pressure Nizhny Novgorod hydroelectric complex covered by the Strategy for the Development of Inland Water Transport of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 envisages a ship lock as part of the hydroelectric system to ensure ships passage. One of the options under consideration is a ship lock with a head power system, which uses short bypass water-circulating culvert for filling and emptying the chamber. At the same time, an important task is to select the optimal modes ensuring movement of the gates of the filling and emptying systems, in which the normative values of the hydrodynamic forces influencing the vessel in the chamber during the lock process would not be exceeded. The article describes the experience of performing laboratory hydraulic studies of the ship lock model and presents the results of determining the optimal modes of locks movement in the ship lock filling and emptying systems. The studies were carried out on a model located in the hydrotechnical laboratory named after Professor V.E. Timonov of the State University of Maritime and River Fleet named after Admiral S.O. Makarov. The article describes the experience of performing laboratory hydraulic studies of the ship lock model and presents the results of determining the optimal modes of gates movement in the ship lock filling and emptying systems. The studies were carried out on a model located in the hydrotechnical laboratory named after Professor V.E. Timonov of the State University of Maritime and River Fleet named after Admiral S.O. Makarov. The studies included three series of measurements taken at different speeds of gates movement. The speeds were assigned based on the following idea: the maximum hydrodynamic forces of one of the series were close to the permissible values, and of the other two – 30–50 % smaller and larger, respectively. The experimental results determined the optimal operating modes of the systems for filling and emptying the lock chamber. It is recommended to select of the optimal modes of gates movement in full-scale conditions on the newly built ship locks immediately after their construction.

Financing of water transport infrastructure: foreign experience

In recent decades, many countries of the world are faced with the problem of congestion in land transport due to the increase in the volume of transported goods. As a result, much attention is paid to inland waterway transport, which has significant untapped potential. It is also important that inland waterway transport (IWT), in comparison with alternative modes of transport, has such advantages as low cost of transportation, reliability, and environmental friendliness. This article analyzes the experience of financing water transport infrastructure facilities in foreign countries with a developed network of inland waterways, namely, Germany and the United States. The purpose of the work is to generalize the practices of attracting funds for the development of the infrastructure of inland water transport.

Improvement of the scientific and methodological base of the system of organization of cargo transportation on inland water transport

Актуальность темы обуславливается важным значением рациональной организации перевозок для повышения эффективности работы судоходных компаний. При этом в качестве форм организации понимаются типовые организационные подходы согласования взаимодействия между различными объектами и элементами транспортной системы. В работе проводится анализ существующих подходов к выявлению устойчивых форм организации движения, их влияние на показатели работы транспортных компаний. Авторами отмечается снижение эффективности использования флота в России, переформатирование отношений в России между перевозчиками и грузовладельцами, нестабильность грузовой базы речного транспорта. Это привело к трансформации форм организации перевозок и движения флота. Поэтому многие теоретические положения в области организации работы речного флота нуждаются в адаптации к новым условиям и, следовательно, в доработке. В статье формулируются актуальные научные задачи, направленные на совершенствование научно-методического обеспечения системы организации речного судоходства в современных условиях. Предлагается система оценочных показателей, характеризующих организационные формы судоходства. Для оценки степени устойчивости схем движения судов предлагается использовать показатель, учитывающий число разных переходов судов между грузопотоками за определенный период и повторяемость этих переходов. Авторами также были сформулированы признаки, свойственной каждой из форм организации судоходства. Приводятся результаты экспериментальных расчетов оценочных показателей для крупной судоходной компании России «В.Ф.Танкер», занимающейся перевозками нефтегрузов. При этом были рассмотрены рейсы, выполненные танкерным флотом компании проекта RSD-27 за навигацию. The relevance of the topic is determined by the importance of rational organization of transportation to improve the efficiency of shipping companies. At the same time, typical organizational approaches to coordination of interaction between various objects and elements of the transport system are understood as forms of organization. The paper analyzes the existing approaches to identifying sustainable forms of traffic management, their impact on the performance of transport companies. The authors note the decline in the efficiency of fleet use in Russia, the reformatting of relations in Russia between carriers and cargo owners, and the instability of the cargo base of river transport. This led to the transformation of the forms of organization of transportation and fleet movement. Therefore, many theoretical provisions in the field of organizing the work of the river fleet need to be adapted to new conditions and, consequently, to be finalized. The article formulates actual scientific tasks aimed at improving the scientific and methodological support of the system of river navigation organization in modern conditions. A system of evaluation indicators that characterize the organizational forms of navigation is proposed. To assess the degree of stability of ship traffic patterns, it is proposed to use an indicator that takes into account the number of different transitions of ships between cargo flows over a certain period and the repeatability of these transitions. The authors also formulated the features inherent in each of the forms of navigation organization. The results of experimental calculations of estimated indicators for a large Russian shipping company "V. F.Tanker", which is engaged in the transportation of oil and gas cargo. At the same time, the flights performed by the tanker fleet of the RSD-27 project company for navigation were considered.

Strategic planning features and tools of tourist routes transportations by inland water transport

The article describes the trends in the development of passenger traffic on tourist routes by inland water transport of the Russian Federation. The effectiveness of the applied methods of strategic planning has an impact on the quality of decisions taken to develop the industry related to ensuring the quality and reliability of transport services within the country, increasing satisfaction with the needs of the economy and society in tourism transportation, and optimal investment in water transport infrastructure in the regions. The reasons and prerequisites for improving the applied methods of strategic planning in the inland water transport of Russia have been investigated. The features of strategic planning are reflected on the basis of the identified trends in the development of the tourist river transport market and external factors. There have been analyzed the conceptual apparatus in terms of assessing the strategic potential of transport development as an instrument for strategic planning of the industry. Features of such assessment for inland waterway tourism transport have been identified. Taking into account the current tasks of strategic planning, there has been proposed the author's definition of strategic potential, which is based on the calculation of the resource component of the potential, the potential of business processes in this segment, as well as the effectiveness of interaction with enterprises of related industries involved in the formation of a cruise product. The purpose of this article is to describe the components of the model for assessing the strategic potential of passenger transportation on tourist routes, taking into account the specifics of such transportation related to their differentiation by region, uneven passenger traffic in the regions. Examples of evaluation of potential parameters are given. A visualization of a model for assessing the potential of tourist transport in the Russian Federation in the context of managing resources, processes and interactions in inland water transport is presented.

SOFTWARE PACKAGE FOR CONSTRUCTING LINEAR REGRESSION models USING THE MIXED ESTIMATION METHOD

В статье описывается программный комплекс, обеспечивающий возможность оценивания параметров линейного регрессионного уравнения методами смешанного оценивания (МСО), наименьших квадратов (МНК) и модулей (МНМ), а также антиробастного оценивания (МАО). Разработанный программный комплекс применен для моделирования объема погрузки основных видов грузов железнодорожным транспортом, в качестве независимых переменных определены объемы погрузки конкурирующими видами транспорта. Это такие факторы, как перевозки автомобильным, морским, трубопроводным и внутренним водным транспортом. Проведён анализ полученных моделей, оценены значения критериев смещения, относительных ошибок аппроксимации, согласованности поведения. The article considers a software package that provides the ability to estimate the parameters of a linear regression equation using mixed estimation (MSO), least squares (OLS) and modules (MCM), as well as anti-blast estimation (MAO). The developed software package was used to model the volume of loading of the main types of cargo by rail, and the competing types of transportation in relation to rail transportation were selected as independent variables. These are such factors as transportation by road, transportation by sea, transportation by pipeline, transportation by inland water transport. The analysis of the obtained models is carried out, the bias criteria, the relative approximation errors, and the generalized behavior consistency criterion (RSPC) are evaluated.

JUSTIFICATION OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FEASIBILITY OF CARGO TRANSPORTATION BY INLAND WATERWAYS

Topicality. Currently, the demand for transport by inland waterways is constantly growing, especially in economically developed countries. In order to maintain the national economy and create a more efficient and sustainable logistics system in Ukraine, transportation by inland waterways must be developed, because inland waterway transport has a number of advantages over other modes of transport, which creates the preconditions for changing logistics routes. To reduce transport costs, improve infrastructure and logistics in the face of uncertainty, the relationship between the stakeholders of rail and road transport with representatives of water transport is important. Reorientation of transportation from road transport to inland waterway transport, intensification of international trade and attraction of new freight flows to inland waterway transport will contribute to the overall growth of the country's economy and is possible subject to liberalization of transportation.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the economic and environmental feasibility of transporting goods by inland waterway transport in the context of the global trend of the need to preserve the environment and rational use of resources.Research results. The port infrastructure of Ukrainian rivers also does not meet modern requirements and is actually in decline. Most of the ports are located in the central areas of cities, causing the destruction of city roads by trucks that are sent for loading / unloading at these ports. In the context of the global trend of the need to preserve the environment for most countries of the world, inland waterway transport is the cheapest and most environmentally friendly mode of transport, suitable for transporting significant volumes of products, mainly raw materials. In Ukraine, the volume of cargo transported by river transport has significantly decreased over the past decade. Of the available volumes of freight transport by river transport, building materials, grain and metallurgy products prevail in the nomenclature. A certain impetus to the development of inland waterway transport was the adoption of the Law of Ukraine "On Inland Waterway Transport", which outlined the prospects for increasing the cargo turnover of river transport. Considering the volume of emissions from river transport, it is the most environmentally friendly compared to road transport. At the same time, the existing rolling stock of water transport is capable of replacing several thousand trucks. It has been established that the Dnieper basin plays the main role in the transportation of domestic cargo and passengers. More than 90% of all river transport in the country is carried out along the Dnieper and its largest tributaries Pripyat and Desna. However, the low operational characteristics of the fleet are one of the factors holding back the development of freight traffic on inland waterways. The four selected shipping companies provide cargo transportation on the Dnieper and Danube rivers, and are also capable of ensuring the potential development and competitive advantages of Ukrainian water transport.Conclusion. The studies carried out made it possible to substantiate the economic and environmental feasibility of transporting goods by inland water transport in Ukraine. Based on the determination of the share of transportations by inland water transport in the EU countries and Ukraine, the potential opportunities for the development of this area were established, taking into account other similar indicators, as well as the growth of export flows of grain and metallurgical products from the central part of Ukraine. Therefore, the development of domestic inland waterways is economically necessary, expedient and will have a positive effect for the entire country and the economy as a whole, given the low level of pollution and environmental pressure on air, land, water resources, biodiversity, which, in turn, affect climate change. , ecosystems in general and public health. Taking into account the total length of the navigable routes of Ukraine and the tendency to reduce the existing fleet, due to moral and physical aging, it is important to assist in attracting investments in the river fleet, will provide potential technical and technological opportunities for the development of all inland water transport and its key players.

Research of a mathematical model for designing a barge-towing complex for the Republic of the Union of Myanmar

В статье описана математическая модель проектирования барже-буксирного комплекса с учётом особенности эксплуатации в условиях Республики Союз Мьянма. В статье исследуются особенности ББК как объекта оптимизации, описана математическая модель ББК, отображается его как сложную техническую систему. В рамках модели приведены математические зависимости и алгоритмы для определения элементов теоретического чертежа, мощности главных двигателей, для решения некоторых вопросов общего расположения с учетом расстояния главных водонепроницаемых переборок корпуса, для расчета нагрузки и устойчивости. Метод комплексной оценки эффективности применения барже-буксирного комплекса на стадии технико-экономического обоснования проекта в условиях развивающихся стран, в частности в условиях Республики Союз Мьянмы. В результате работы были полностью определены параметры основных типов барже-буксировочных комплексов для перспективной системы внутреннего водного транспорта Республики Союза Мьянма. На базе методов случайного поиска создан алгоритм оптимизации элементов ББК, решающий задачу математического программирования с процедурным характером функции критерия и функциональных ограничений. Математическая модель и алгоритм оптимизации реализованы в виде программы для обеспечения компьютерного эксперимента. Программа, реализующая математическую модель проектирования ББК, состоит из отдельных программных модулей, что облегчает ее совершенствование в анализе результатов решения задачи. Создан программный комплекс с использованием языка программирования Паскаль в среде Delphi для обеспечения автоматизирования проектирования. Указанные программы могут быть использованы в исследовательском проектировании на начальных стадиях проектирования. The article describes a mathematical models for designing a barge-towing complex, taking into account the peculiarities of operation in the conditions of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. The article examines the features of the BBK as an object of optimization, describes the mathematical model of the BBK, displays it as a complex technical system. Within the framework of the model, mathematical dependencies and algorithms are given for determining the elements of the theoretical drawing, the power of the main engines, for solving some issues of the general location, taking into account the distance of the main watertight bulkheads of the hull, for calculating the load and stability. The method of comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the use of the barge-tow complex at the stage of the feasibility study of the project in the conditions of developing countries, in particular in the conditions of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. As a result of the work, the parameters of the main types of barge-towing complexes for the prospective inland water transport system of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar were fully determined. On the basis of random search methods, an algorithm for optimizing the BBK elements is created, which solves the problem of mathematical programming with the procedural nature of the criterion function and functional constraints. The mathematical model and the optimization algorithm are implemented as a program to provide a computer experiment. The program that implements the mathematical model of the design of the BBK consists of separate program modules, which facilitates its improvement in the analysis of the results of solving the problem. A software package was created using the Pascal programming language in the Delphi environment to provide design automation. These programs can be used in research design at the initial stages of design.