scholarly journals Specification and Proof of High-Level Functional Properties of Bit-Level Programs

Author(s):  
Clément Fumex ◽  
Claire Dross ◽  
Jens Gerlach ◽  
Claude Marché
2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
I. V. Verbych ◽  
O. V. Medvid

Goal. To study the influence of intermediate crossing on the level of dairy productivity, qualitative milk indicators, exterior features and resistance of the body of pureorgain and local animals. Methods. Selection and genetic analysis, comparative, statistical. The results. Scientific and production studies were conducted on the basis of a tribal factory of the State Enterprise "Pasichnya" IKSGP NAAN "of the StarosinyaVsky district of the Khmelnytsky region in the chains of distinct animals of the Podilsky factory type of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy (UCHRMP) and local animals derived from the crossing of the BPRMP cows with Bojabs of the Shvitsky breed. According to the results of experimental studies, it has been found that local cows-first-bristles are somewhat inferior to the purest animals of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed by the magnitude of the NADA (93.8 kg), but it is compensated by milk quality (fat +0.26%, protein +0.19%), where in the general yield of dairy fat (+9.5 kg) and protein (+6.4 kg), they are favorably different from its purgatory rior. The analysis of the results of the reproductive capacity of cows shows that local animals were first fruitfully inseminated at the age of 545 days and the duration of fertility was 283 days, at that time, purely meters were inserted at the age of 567 days, and the duration of the sharing was 281.5 days. Service-period in the cows-first-born of genotypes, respectively, amounted to 97 and 112 days. The obtained data for the morphological and functional properties of the cow-first-prints show that the assessed number of both groups meets the needs of target standards on technological features and have high indicators of the studied functional properties. Comparative analysis of exterior valuation indicators between the studied groups shows that local cows have higher rates over latitudinal gates, in particular, by breast width and width in the ice, at that time inferior to the children's rior in the rectors of height in the racing, in the area of the torso. and hammer. In the study of natural resistance in the studied cows it has been established that the estimated animal groups are characterized by a sufficiently high level of protective functions of the body and adaptation capacity to technological conditions, which creates good opportunities for further effective selection. The general assessment of the natural resistance of cows-firstbody by morphological and biochemical parameters of blood, phagocytic, bactericidal and lysozymic activity showed that local cows according to Method VE Chumachenko and others. (1990) have a natural resistance to 3 points (61) higher than in their pure-breeding rior (58 points). Conclusions. Results of analysis of dairy performance of local cows-first-birthsters derived from the crossing of Ukrainian Black-and-White breeds with bulls of the Shvitskaya breed showed that the data of the animal though inferior to the christening rior of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed by the magnitude of the NADA but this difference is compensated by the quality of milk, where The total output of dairy fat and protein, they are favorably different from pureoral analogues. By indicators of reproducible ability, it has been found that local animals were first crazy at the age of 823 days that on 21 days earlier than puredom and 15 days they have a smaller service period. An analysis of the results of the estimation of morphological and physiological properties of the elder showed that there are no significant differences in the investigated groups of primary differences. All animals correspond to technological requirements. The exterior evaluation of the investigated groups of the firstborn showed that purely cows, having higher rates in the elevation in the roll, in the height in the ice and a contrary length of the trunk and the intensity, but inferior to the latitude gauge: the width of the breast, width in the machaches and width in the machaches and width in the machach. Animal estimation according to natural resistance indicators found that animals of both groups have a sufficiently high level of protective functions of the body and adaptation capacity to technological conditions that creates good opportunities for further effective selection.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoseph Asmelash Gebru ◽  
Desta Berhe Sbhatu ◽  
Kwang-Pyo Kim

Teff (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) (Poaceae) is an annual crop with a very tiny grain. The crop is mainly cultivated in Ethiopia and Eritrea where it is used in preparing a pancake-like staple food called injera. Teff grain is the smallest of all whole flour grains in the world with a length of about 1.0 mm and a width of about 0.60 mm. The popularity of the crop is rapidly increasing throughout the world because of its attractive nutritional and functional properties. Thus, the crop is being successfully introduced and cultivated in many parts of the world including the USA, Canada, Australia, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. The growing global demand for the grain is due to its gluten-free nature, high level of essential amino acids (EAA), high mineral content, low glycemic index (GI), high crude fiber content, longer shelf life, and slow staling of its bread products compared to that of wheat, sorghum, rice, barley, and maize. The grain is linked to several health benefits including prevention and treatment of diseases such as celiac disease, diabetes, and anemia. These call for huge research opportunities to explore the nutritional and functional properties of the grain.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Boutyline ◽  
Laura Soter

Cultural schemas are a central cognitive mechanism through which culture affects action. In this manuscript, we develop a theoretical model of cultural schemas that is better able to support empirical work, including inferential, sensitizing, and operational uses. We propose a multilevel framework centered on a high-level definition of cultural schemas that is sufficiently broad to capture its major sociological uses but still sufficiently narrow to identify a set of cognitive phenomena with key functional properties in common: cultural schemas are socially shared heuristic representations deployable in automatic cognition. We use this conception to elaborate the main theoretical properties of cultural schemas, and to provide clear criteria that distinguish them from other cultural or cognitive elements. We then propose a series of concrete tests empirical scholarship can use to determine if these properties apply. We also demonstrate how this approach can identify potentially faulty theoretical inferences present in existing work. Then, moving to a lower level of analysis, we elaborate how cultural schemas can be algorithmically conceptualized in terms of their building blocks. This leads us to recommend improvements to methods for measuring cultural schemas. We conclude by proposing fruitful sensitizing questions for future scholarship.


Author(s):  
Vasily Sukhorukov ◽  
Ivan Gudelj ◽  
Maja Pučić-Baković ◽  
Emile Zakiev ◽  
Alexander Orekhov ◽  
...  

1990 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1543-1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan-Shick KIM ◽  
Seigo KAMIYA ◽  
Jiro KANAMORI ◽  
Shigeru UTSUMI ◽  
Makoto KITO

2021 ◽  
pp. 000312242110245
Author(s):  
Andrei Boutyline ◽  
Laura K. Soter

Cultural schemas are a central cognitive mechanism through which culture affects action. In this article, we develop a theoretical model of cultural schemas that is better able to support empirical work, including inferential, sensitizing, and operational uses. We propose a multilevel framework centered on a high-level definition of cultural schemas that is sufficiently broad to capture its major sociological applications but still sufficiently narrow to identify a set of cognitive phenomena with key functional properties in common: cultural schemas are socially shared representations deployable in automatic cognition. We use this conception to elaborate the main theoretical properties of cultural schemas, and to provide clear criteria that distinguish them from other cultural or cognitive elements. We then propose a series of concrete tests empirical scholarship can use to determine if these properties apply. We also demonstrate how this approach can identify potentially faulty theoretical inferences present in existing work. Moving to a lower level of analysis, we elaborate how cultural schemas can be algorithmically conceptualized in terms of their building blocks. This leads us to recommend improvements to methods for measuring cultural schemas. We conclude by outlining questions for a broader research program.


1990 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1543-1550
Author(s):  
Chan-Shick Kim ◽  
Seigo Kamiya ◽  
Jiro Kanamori ◽  
Shigeru Utsumi ◽  
Makoto Krro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Kovaříková Svobodová ◽  
Lenka Stixová ◽  
Aleš Kovařík ◽  
Eva Bártová

Abstract Posttranscriptional RNA modifications, including the presence of methyl-6-adenosine (m6A), methyl-5-cytosine (m5C), or pseudo-uridine (Ψ), are known for over many years, but their functional properties have not been fully elucidated yet. Similarly, the regulatory role of N4-cytidine (ac4C) acetylation in RNA must be explored. Here, we observed PARP-dependent accumulation of ac4C RNA at UVA-microirradiated chromatin, which appears 2-5 minutes after genome injury, simultaneously with m6A RNAs but with distinct kinetics. When m6A RNAs disappeared from the lesions, the high level of ac4C RNA was maintained up to 20 minutes after genome injury. Surprisingly, the process of ac4C RNA accumulation at DNA lesions was not accompanied by the recruitment of acetyltransferase NAT10 to UVA-induced DNA lesions. This process was PARP dependent, and data show how epitranscriptomic features can contribute to DNA damage repair.


2015 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHELA GAMBERINI ◽  
PATRIZIA FATTORI ◽  
CLAUDIO GALLETTI

AbstractThe number, location, extent, and functional properties of the cortical areas that occupy the medial parieto-occipital cortex (mPOC) have been, and still is, a matter of scientific debate. The mPOC is a convoluted region of the brain that presents a high level of individual variability, and the fact that many areas of mPOC are located within very deep sulci further limits the possibility to investigate their anatomo-functional properties. In the present review, we summarize the location and extent of mPOC areas in the macaque brain as obtained by architectural, connectional, and functional data. The different approaches lead to a subdivision of mPOC that includes areas V2, V3, V6, V6Av, and V6Ad. Extrastriate areas V2 and V3 occupy the posterior wall of the parieto-occipital sulcus (POs). The fundus of POs and the ventralmost part of the anterior wall of the sulcus are occupied by a retinotopically organized visual area, called V6, which represents the contralateral part of the visual field and emphasizes its periphery. The remaining part of the anterior wall of POs is occupied by two areas, V6Av and V6Ad, which contain visual as well as arm reaching neurons. Our analyses suggest that areas V6 and V6Av, together, occupy the cortical territory previously described as area PO. Functionally, area V6 is a motion area particularly sensitive to the real motion of objects in the animal's field of view, while V6Av and V6Ad are visuomotor areas likely involved in the visual guidance of arm movement and object prehension.


2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Shatyr ◽  
S. V. Bulatetsky ◽  
I. V. Ulesikova ◽  
I. G. Mulik ◽  
E. V. Nazarova

Transition to personalized medicine requires the systematization of possible scenarios of the human organism individual adaptation to exogenous shocks. Objective: To identify and typology sustainable adaptation options to extreme environmental factors, taking into account individual, genetically determined functional properties of the human organism. As the object of the study, 146 people of both sexes were involved, 18-23 years of age. The work was performed in accordance with Articles 5, 6 and 7 of "The Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights" with the informed consent registration. As a result of complex theoretical and experimental researches the typology of the human organism system adaptation to extreme exogenous influences is designed. At the same time, stable combinations of functional properties phenotypic manifestations for individuals with high, medium and low level of general non-specific reactivity are systematized. Revealed expressed specific manifestations of the variation pulsometry main indicators depending on the individual level of general non-specific reactivity of an organism, where the prevalence of the sympathetic component of the autonomic nervous system is characteristic for people with high reactivity level and parasympathetic – for individuals with a low reactivity level. It was determined that an emergency exercise stress in individuals with a high level of general non-specific reactivity is a risk factor for sympathicotonia that gives them increased stress reactivity. Taken studies have proved the feasibility of separation of three types of the adaptation process. 1. The syntoxic process, which is typical for low level of general non-specific reactivity. 2. An integrated process inherent to the medium level of reactivity. 3. Catatoxic process, which is typical for a high level of general non-specific reactivity of an organism. The proposed typology is based on the account: the background level of general non-specific reactivity; specificity and speed of adaptation development; vegetative balance; dynamics of nociceptive sensitivity; psycho-emotional state of a person. Using the developed typology allows to individualize an assessment, forecasting and correction of the functional organism state that will provide personalization of health-support a person in high ambient load.


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