Bioprospecting of Multiple Hydrolytic Enzymes from Antagonistic Bacillus spp. for Biodegradation of Macromolecules

2016 ◽  
pp. 325-344
Author(s):  
Naser Aliye Feto ◽  
Teboho Motloi
Keyword(s):  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Bacillus Spp

Enzymic Correlates of Development, Secretory Function and Regression of Follicles and Corpora Lutea in the Bovine Ovary. PART II: Formation, Development and Involution of Corpora Lutea

1968 ◽  
Vol 59 (2_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S35-S51 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Lobel ◽  
E. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Steroid Synthesis ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Vascular Walls

ABSTRACT Activities of various hydrolases and dehydrogenases were studied during the formation, development and involution of cyclic corpora lutea and in the corpora lutea of early pregnancy. At 24 hours postovulation the luteal cells, whether of granulosal or thecal origin, contained demonstrable levels of Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and the NADP and NADPH2 diaphorases. During the period of proliferation and cellular growth, enzymic activities in the luteal cells were moderate at first, and then increased. In the mature corpus luteum, activities of the dehydrogenases occurred in all luteal cells but were most intense in the large polymorphic luteal cells. Activities of hydrolytic enzymes, low in the immediate postovulatory period, increased with the development of the vascular system. Enzymic characteristics of corpora lutea of gestation were similar to those of cyclic corpora, except for phosphorylase activity which was observed in luteal cells in gestational corpora, but confined to the vascular walls in cyclic corpora. No increase in activities of 17β- and 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (above those seen in pre-ovulatory follicles) were observed after incubation of sections of either mature cyclic or gestational corpora. Involution of cyclic corpora lutea began with degenerative changes in the blood vessels: pyknosis of the endothelial cell nuclei and a sudden decline in activities of hydrolytic enzymes in the vascular walls. Subsequently, the luteal cells showed a sharp decrease in activities of the dehydrogenases as well as other signs of regressive change. The cytochemical findings are discussed in relation to biochemical observations on steroid synthesis by the bovine corpus luteum.

PHÂN LẬP VÀ TUYỂN CHỌN CÁC CHỦNG BACILLUS ỨC CHẾ VI KHUẨN VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS GÂY BỆNH TÔM CHẾT SỚM Ở TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Thị Bích Đào ◽  
Trần Quang Khánh Vân ◽  
Nguyễn Văn Khanh ◽  
Nguyễn Quang Linh
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis B1

Khi tình hình bệnh hội chứng tôm chết sớm (EMS) đã gây thiệt hại vô cùng to lớn đối với Nuôi trồng thủy sản thì các giải pháp được đề nghị và áp dụng nhằm hạn chế dịch bệnh. Trong đó, việc tìm hiểu và đưa vi khuẩn có lợi để cạnh tranh và ức chế loài vi khuẩn gây bệnh rất được quan tâm, được cho là giải pháp có nhiều triển vọng phù hợp với điều kiện môi trường, đảm bảo sức khỏe cho con người, cũng như hạn chế được dịch bệnh. Đặc biệt, đưa vi khuẩn Bacillus spp. qua đường tiêu hóa của tôm ngay từ khi mới thả đã hạn chế được mật độ vi khuẩn Vibrio. Nghiên cứu này đã phân lập được các chủng Bacillus subtilis B1, Bacillus subtilis B2, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B4và thử khả năng đối kháng với vi khuẩn Vibrio parahaemolyticus V1 ở các nồng độ 103, 104, 105, 106 CFU theo dõi ở các thời điểm 6h, 12h, 24h, 48h và 72h. Kết quả cho thấy cả ba chủng vi khuẩn Bacillus trên phân lập được đều có khả năng ức chế tốt vi khuẩn Vibrio parahaemolyticus V1, trong đó vi khuẩn Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B4 làtốt nhất với đường kính vòng kháng khuẩn 52,67 ± 4,31mm ở thời điểm 48h; hai chủng Bacillus subtilis B1, Bacillus subtilis B2 lầnlượt là  49,67 ± 3,15 mm, 44,07 ± 5,19 mm, với mức sai số có ý nghĩa thống kê p < 0,05.

Assessment of Bacterial Contamination of Orthodontic Arch wire

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Suha S Hassan ◽  
Nidhal H. Ghaib ◽  
Batool H Al-Ghurabi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Droplet Transmission

Background: The microorganisms can impend the life of health care professional and particularly the dental practitioners. They can be transmitted by different ways like airborne and droplet transmission. The current study was carried out to identify whether the arch wires that received from the manufactures are free from microbial contamination and to determine the bacterial species attached to the arch wires. Materials and Methods: This study involved eighty samples, consisted of two types of arch wires (nitinol and stainless-steel) from four companies (3M, G&H, Jiscop, OrthoTechnology). These wires inserted in a plane tube that contains 10 -ml of (Tris [tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane] and EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) tris-EDTA and brain heart infusion (BHI) broth. A 0.1 ml was withdrawn from the tube and spread on agar plates. The control groups consist of 16 plane tube (8 tubes with tris-EDTA and other 8 tubes with (BHI). Results: Microbial sampling yielded growth from 5 of the 80 arch wires. The predominant bacteria that isolated were Bacillus spp. No growth was recovered from 75 of the samples and from controls. The bacteria were isolated by BHI reagent and no growth was observed by tris-EDTA reagent with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The Bacillus spp. found only in the G&H and Jiscop companies, however, no statistically significant difference was found among them (P>0.05). With regard to the presence and distribution of bacteria according to the types of wires, the present results clarified that cases of contamination with Bacillus spp. were found in the nitinol arch wires with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusions: The results of the current study revealed low count of bacterial contamination in the two types of companies (G&H and Jiscop). Not all materials that received from the manufactures are free from contamination and an effective sterilization regimen is needed to avoid cross-contamination.

Risk analysis of Bacillus spp. isolated from cured pork sausages

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Morea ◽  
A. Matarante ◽  
F. Baruzzi ◽  
A. Abbrescia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Pork Sausages

Exploration of Endophytes from Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) as Biocontrol Agents

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Beilei Wu ◽  
Beilei Wu ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
Xiaoli Chen ◽  
Xiliang Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
The Common ◽  
Seedling Germination ◽  
Germination Experiments ◽  
Alfalfa Root

Endophytes are increasingly investigated as biocontrol agents for agricultural production. The identification of new endophytes with high effectiveness against plant disease is very important. A total of 362 strains of endophytes, including fungi, bacteria, and actinomycete, were isolated from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) collected in Hebei, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia provinces of China. The three strains of endophytic bacteria (NA NX51R-5, NA NX90R-8, and NA NM1S-1) with strong biocontrol capability with >50% effectiveness were screened against the common alfalfa root rot pathogen Fusarium oxysporum F. sp. medicaginis in alfalfa seedling germination experiments on MS medium and pot experiments. Using phylogenetic analysis, the isolates of NA NM1S-1 and NA NX51R-5 were identified as Bacillus spp. by 16S rDNA, while NA NX90R-8 was found to be Pseudomonas sp.

Bacillus spp. COMO PROMOTORES DE RESISTÊNCIA VEGETAL: SECA, A SALINIDADE E A PATÓGENOS HABITANTES DO SOLO EM ÁREAS ÁRIDAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Thiago Costa Ferreira ◽  
Ana Lúcia Araújo Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Spp

<p>A utilização de isolados de <em>Bacillus</em> spp. na agricultura têm sido atrativo ao mercado, pois estes microrganismos podem promover a resistência de plantas a fatores como seca, salinidade e patógenos do solo. Assim sendo, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi agrupar conhecimentos sobre a utilização de isolados de <em>Bacillus</em> spp. como promotor de resistência vegetal à seca, a salinidade e a patógenos habitantes do solo, com ênfase a áreas com aridez. Logo, foi efetuada uma busca em periódicos e bases indexadas com a utilização dos seguintes marcadores: <em>Bacillus</em>, seca, salinidade e fitopatógenos habitantes do solo. De acordo com os dados reunidos pode afirmar que isolados de <em>Bacillus</em> spp. podem ser úteis na construção de uma agricultura sustentável em áreas com aridez na presença dos fatores: seca, salinidade e presença de patógenos habitantes do solo e que o aporte me matéria orgânica pode ser a melhor maneira de suplementar esta comunidade em áreas áridas. Este é um campo de estudo vasto e pouco explorado, portanto, maiores pesquisas neste sentido podem ser realizadas afim de promover mais conhecimentos e gerar desenvolvimento sustentável a regiões áridas.</p>

ASSESSMENT OF GRAY FOREST SOIL ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY IN AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Phosphorus Cycle ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Urease Enzyme ◽  
Natural Analogues ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
The Impact

On the grey forest medium-loamy soil of Vladimir Opolye region we have studied the impact of various methods of basic cultivation and fertilizer systems on the activity of redox and hydrolytic enzymes: ure-ase (nitrogen cycle), invertase (carbon cycle), phosphatase (phosphorus cycle), and catalase, involved in the cycle of carbon in the soil. The second humus horizon with capacity of 19-24cm was found at the depth of 20 - 21 cm on the experimental field. We have studied three modes of basic soil cultivation: an-nual shallow flat plowing (6-8 cm), annual deep flat plowing (20-22 cm), and annual moldboard plowing (20-22 cm) with normal and intensive application of fertilizers. The most enzymatically active layer is 0-20 cm. No relevant difference has been found in the level of enzymes activity between variants of basic soil treatment. Activity of enzymes increases with application of fertilizers on the intensive background. In agrogenic soils, soil enzymatic activity is lower on average by 16-22% compared to the soil of the res-ervoir. The biggest negative transformation of activity has been observed at the urease enzyme (up to 50%). With annual moldboard plowing on the intensive backgroung, enzyme activity has been close to the natural level – 98.4%. Catalise and invertase activity in this case were found to be higher (105 and 116% respectively) than that of natural analogues. Activity of enzymes increases with intensive application of fertilizers as compared with normal background. This is particularly evident with 6-8cm deep beardless plowing and 20-22cm deep moldboard plowing. In general, the obtained biochemical indicators charac-terize the highest environmental sustainability of this variation within our research.

In-Vitro Effects of Ricinus Communis Seed Kernel Extract On Some Antioxidant And Hydrolytic Enzymes In Nymph And Adult Zonocerus Variegatus (Grasshopper)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
Gbadebo E . Adeleke ◽  
Olaniyi T. Adedosu ◽  
Rachael O. Adeyi ◽  
John O. Fatoki
Keyword(s):  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Crude Enzyme ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Zonocerus Variegatus ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
In Vitro Effects

Background: Many plants have been identified for their insecticidal properties as alternatives to synthetic ones, which are toxic to untargeted organisms and environment. Ricinus communis (Castor) has been re-ported to exhibit insecticidal properties against insect pests. Zonocerus variegatus (Grasshopper) is a notable pest of several crops, and has been linked with great economic losses to farmers. The present study investigates the in-vitro toxicity of R. communis seed kernel extract (RCSKE) on the activities of selected antioxidant and hydrolytic enzymes in nymph and adult Zonocerus variegatus (Grasshopper), using cypermethrin (CYPER-M) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) as standard conventional pesticides. Methods: Seed kernel of Ricinus communis (Castor) was subjected to acidified aqueous extraction to obtain the extract (RCSKE). Crude enzyme preparations were obtained from nymph and adult Z. variegatus grass-hoppers. The in-vitro effects of different concentrations (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 105μg/ml) each of RCSKE, CYPER-M and CPF on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and carboxylesterase (CES) in crude enzyme preparations were estimated spectrophotometrically. The level of statistical significance was 0.05. Results: The RCSKE significantly reduced the in-vitro SOD activity (p < 0.05) in nymph Z. variegatus at all the concentrations, whereas both CYPER-M and CPF significantly reduced the activity only at certain concentrations. The CAT activity in the nymph was significantly decreased by RCSKE and CPF at all the concentrations, but CYPER-M decreased it only at certain concentrations. In adult Z. variegatus, SOD activity was not significantly affected (p > 0.05), while CAT activity was significantly increased (p < 0.05) by the three agents at all the concentrations. The AChE and CES activities in the nymph were significantly reduced by RCSKE, CYPER-M and CPF at all the concentrations. The RCSKE and CPF significantly increased the CES activity, while CYPER-M caused a significant decrease in the activity in adult Z. variegatus. Conclusion: The seed kernel extract of Ricinus communis is an effective pesticidal agent and hence, it could be a source of biopesticide alternative with greater potential than cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos. In addition, the antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase enzymes in the nymphs of Z. variegatus grasshoppers are more susceptible to the effect of the extract than in the adult grasshoppers.

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