Remittances, Political Stability and Economic Development: Empirical Evidence from OIC Countries

2017 ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Mohsin Ali ◽  
Wajahat Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Political Stability

In the Shadow of Violence: Lessons for Limited Access Societies

2012 ◽  
pp. 4-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. North ◽  
J. Wallis ◽  
S. Webb ◽  
B. Weingast
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Major Conclusion ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Limited Access ◽  
Forthcoming Book ◽  
Personal Connections

The paper presents a summary of the forthcoming book by the authors and discusses the sample study of the 9 developing countries. While admitting the non-linearity of economic development they claim that the developing countries make a transition from the limited access orders (where the coalition of powerful elite groups plays a major role, that is based on personal connections and hampers free political and economic competition) to the open access orders with democratic government and efficient decentralized economic system. The major conclusion of this article is that what the limited access societies should do is not simply introducing open access institutions, but reorganizing the incentives of the elites so that to limit violence, provide economic and political stability and make a gradual transition to the open access order beneficial for the elites.

scholarly journals Global epidemiology and socio-economic development correlates of the reproductive ratio of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz P Breitling
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Global Epidemiology ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Mortality Ratio

Abstract Background The most commonly cited argument for imposing or lifting various restrictions in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an assumed impact on the reproductive ratio of the pathogen. It has furthermore been suggested that less-developed countries are particularly affected by this pandemic. Empirical evidence for this is lacking. Methods Based on a dataset covering 170 countries, patterns of empirical 7-d reproductive ratios during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic were analysed. Time trends and associations with socio-economic development indicators, such as gross domestic product per capita, physicians per population, extreme poverty prevalence and maternal mortality ratio, were analysed in mixed linear regression models using log-transformed reproductive ratios as the dependent variable. Results Reproductive ratios during the early phase of a pandemic exhibited high fluctuations and overall strong declines. Stable estimates were observed only several weeks into the pandemic, with a median reproductive ratio of 0.96 (interquartile range 0.72–1.34) 6 weeks into the analysis period. Unfavourable socio-economic indicators showed consistent associations with higher reproductive ratios, which were elevated by a factor of 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.15 to 1.46), for example, in the countries in the highest compared with the lowest tertile of extreme poverty prevalence. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has allowed for the first time description of the global patterns of reproductive ratios of a novel pathogen during pandemic spread. The present study reports the first quantitative empirical evidence that COVID-19 net transmissibility remains less controlled in socio-economically disadvantaged countries, even months into the pandemic. This needs to be addressed by the global scientific community as well as international politics.

Do Development and Democracy Positively Affect Gender Equality in Cabinets?

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN HÖGSTRÖM
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractIt has been argued that economic development and democracy create new opportunities and resources for women to access political power, which should increase gender equality in politics. However, empirical evidence from previous research that supports this argument is mixed. The contribution of this study is to expand the research on gender equality in politics through an in-depth examination of the effect of development and democracy on gender equality in cabinets. This has been completed through separate analyses that include most of the countries in the world across three levels of development (least-developed, developing, and developed) and across different types of political regimes (democracies, royal dictatorships, military dictatorships, and civilian dictatorships). The results demonstrate that economic development and democracy only affect gender equality in cabinets positively in a few environments. Accordingly, the context is important and there seem to be thresholds before development and democracy have any effect. Development has a positive effect in developed countries and in democracies, but it has a negative effect in dictatorships, and the negative effect is strongest in military dictatorships. The level of democracy has a positive effect mainly in dictatorships, and the strongest effect is in civilian dictatorships. The article demonstrates the importance of dividing samples into subsets to increase understanding of what affects women's representation in cabinets in different environments, and I ask scholars to subset samples and run separate analyses more often in comparative studies.

The impact of law, religion, and culture on the ease of starting a business

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana L. Haggard ◽  
K. Stephen Haggard
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Legal Origin ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dynamic Factors ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Starting A Business

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of culture, legal origin and religion on four measures of the ease of starting a new business; the number of procedures required, the number days required, the ease of getting credit and the cost to start a business. Design/methodology/approach The authors use linear regression to test the hypotheses using publicly available data on legal origin and religion from La Porta et al. (1999), cultural dimension information from Hofstede (2009) and measures of the ease of starting a business from the World Bank’s (2017) Doing Business Initiative. The final sample consists of 71 countries for which information was available on all the variables of interest. Findings Legal origin affects the number of procedures and the length of time needed to start a business, as well as the ease of getting credit. Culture (power distance) and religion are important for explaining gender differences in the ease of starting a business. The cost of starting a business is unrelated to culture, legal origin or religion. Originality/value Economic development is an important determinant of a country’s political stability and standard of living. Although politicians play a significant role in how a friendly a country is toward business, the study demonstrates that other longer-term and less dynamic factors have a material influence on economic development.

The Fall of Balmaceda and Public Finance in Chile: New Data for an Old Debate

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Bowman ◽  
Michael Wallerstein
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Parliamentary System ◽  
Presidential System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Over Time

The 1891 civil war that led to the downfall of President José Manuel Balmaceda is without doubt one of the most visible episodes of Chilean history. Already the subject of a voluminous bibliography by 1894 (Echeverría y Reyes, 1894), the “revolution's” importance to historians of Chile actually increased over time as a new generation of scholars came to view it not merely as a discrete event of limited intrinsic interest but as an important key to understanding Chile's subsequent political and economic development. In retrospect, the conflict came to be seen as a “crucial watershed” in Chilean history (Blakemore, 1974: 243), marking the replacement of a presidential system—1833-1891—notable in nineteenth-century Latin America for political stability, by a parliamentary system—1891-1924—notorious for political and monetary disorder.

scholarly journals Economic and Political Diversity of Regional Development as the Basis of Modern Imaging (on the Example of the Republic of Mordovia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-285
Author(s):  
Marina N. Kazakova ◽  
Irina G. Napalkova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Regional Competitiveness ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Virtual Absence ◽  
Image Characteristics ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Programs

Introduction. Creating and broadcasting a positive regional image in modern conditions is an important factor in regional competitiveness. Demonstration of territorial advantages to target audiences of image-making (federal government, business community, investors, the public) makes it possible to stand out from other entities and receive certain preferences. Often declaring in state programs and promoting individual image-forming areas (investment attractiveness, innovation cluster, science city, tourist destination, a territory of safety and comfort, etc.), regional authorities forget about the complex nature of the image, which is a combination of various elements and determinants: economic, political, natural-geographical, historical, ethno-national, sociocultural, etc. Materials and Methods. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the study were: a structurally functional approach that considers the image as a specific image with a universal set of interconnected elements; axiological approach based on evaluative perception of the main image characteristics; case study method used to study the image of the Republic of Mordovia based on an analysis of documents, official statistical information, etc. Results. The description of economic and political factors that determine the image attractiveness of the Republic of Mordovia is presented. Among the image characteristics, due to the features of the modern economic development of the republic, are noted: a developed innovative infrastructure, an increase in production and export of products, expansion of trade and economic ties, active participation in the implementation of state programs, and inclusion in many federal projects. The support from the center in matters that are problematic for the republic is largely due to political factors: the active support of federal initiatives from the republican leadership, as well as the high level of political stability, manageability of the territory, and the absence of ethnic conflicts and contradictions. Discussion and Conclusion. An analysis of the economic development of the republic allows us to talk about imbalance in image characteristics: well-developed innovative infrastructure, effective practice in developing clusters and technology parks are leveled out by low positions in the overall ranking of co-competitiveness and innovative potential. The most negative topic is the problem of budget debt and the introduction of external regulation in connection with the volume of debts. At the same time, the image of Mordovia is positively affected by attempts to attract notable external events. On the whole, positive dynamics are demonstrated in terms of financial and economic indicators, including an improvement in the investment climate and the effectiveness of fiscal policy. In terms of political indicators, the republic occupies a leading position in terms of political stability and stability, moving between groups with maximum and high stability, but there is a “over-regulation” of the political system, a virtual absence of opposition and independent media.

scholarly journals Impact of Political Stability and Managerial Ownership on Firm’s Profitability

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Zeshan Anwar ◽  
Kausar Abbass ◽  
Sadia Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Agency Costs ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Managerial Ownership ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Foreign Reserves ◽  
Significant Function ◽  
Unskilled Labour ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The vibrant business sector is a dynamic segment for Pakistan’s economic development because it offers employment to a larger population of skilled and unskilled labour; creates foreign reserves through exports; and also satisfies local demand for the products. Moreover, the listed companies perform a significant function in the growth of an economy, however, on pragmatic grounds, access to capital is evidenced as a matter of grave concern for the business sector in Pakistan. Moreover, it has been observed that in order to reduce the firms’ agency costs, managerial ownership is utilized. Hence, in this essence, this research investigates the relationship of political stability, managerial ownership, dividends, sales, and total assets with the firm’s profitability in Pakistan during 2013-2017. The findings depict that the variables of political stability, total assets, dividends, and sales, positively and significantly affect the firm’s profitability, while, managerial ownership is insignificantly associated with profitability.

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