Improving Socioeconomic Opportunities for the Poor: A Study of Poverty Measurement in Romania

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Sorin Dan
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
The Poor

scholarly journals Multidimensional Poverty Measurement in Pakistan :Time Series Trends and Breakdown

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (4II) ◽  
pp. 493-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taseer Salahuddin ◽  
Asad Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Rational Agents ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Measurement ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Right

In the recent literature, consensus has emerged that poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon; see Alkire and Santos (2010) for a review of the major arguments. Nonetheless, the most widely used measures of poverty remain unidimensional, being based on income or caloric intake cutoffs. The logic for the use of income based measures was that it was only lack of income which led to deprivation—with sufficient income; rational agents would automatically eliminate deprivations in all dimensions in the right sequence of priorities. However, careful studies like Thorbecke (2005) and Banerjee and Duflo (2006) show that this does not happen. Even while malnourished and underfed, the poor spend significant portions of their budgets on festivals, weddings, alcohol, tobacco and other non-essential items. The move from abstract theoretical speculation based on mathematical models of human behaviour to experiments and observations of actual behaviour has led to dramatic changes in the understanding of poverty and how to alleviate it. Some of these insights are encapsulated in a new approach to poverty advocated by Banerjee and Duflo (2011).

The effectiveness of Baitul Maal wat Tamwil in reducing poverty

Humanomics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akhyar Adnan ◽  
Shochrul Rohmatul Ajija
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Data Measurement ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Islamic Microfinance

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT) in reducing poverty. Design/methodology/approach – The case study approach on BMT MMU Sidogiri (located at East Java Province) is taken. Two important and dominating products of BMT MMU Sidogiri (i.e. ba’i bithaman ‘ajil (BBA) and mudarabah) are examined carefully on how much they have helped the customers in reducing their poverty. The paper goes beyond data measurement using descriptive statistics, paired t-test and some poverty measurement indexes such as headcount index; poverty gap; Sen index; and Foster, Greer and Thorbecke Index to investigate the effectiveness of the BMT in reducing poverty. Findings – This paper reveals that BMT financing is effective in reducing poverty. Most of respondents can increase their income after receiving BMT financing. Products of BMT, especially BBA and mudarabah, to empower the poor in various productive businesses have been able to reduce the extent and severity of poverty. This paper also discloses some interesting and important findings related with how BMT’s work, so that it can contribute more to the knowledge enrichment, as well as the development of BMTs, in general, in realising their mission. Originality/value – The establishment of the so-called BMT in the form of an Islamic microfinance is intended initially to effectively help the poor. At present, there are around 3,874 BMTs operating around the country. Although the BMTs have been existing since more than ten years, no research has been conducted to examine their effectiveness in alleviating the poverty. This study in aimed at fulfilling this important gap.

scholarly journals Measurement Of Judicial Poverty

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sohail Anwar ◽  
◽  
Qais Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Average ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Functional Part ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Major Factors

Justice is an important and functional part of the economy and positively influences the economic performance. Injustice would probably upset the poor more as it hurt the rich. This study identifies three major factors, which are the barriers to access to justice for the poor. Theoretically, this study contributes to defining the judicial demission of poverty and how to address it. On the other hand, this study will also help policymakers make and enforce the policies that can reduce the hurdles in access to justice. This study uses AF methodology, which counts different deprivations faced by individual/household, analyzed to identify poor. Primary data is collected from the district and session court Gujranwala through a self-administrative questionnaire. A total of 893 questions were asked from 112 respondents by adopting the weighted poverty measurement method. A weighted average score it is concluded that each of these three barriers contributes about 21% of the poverty level. This paper shows an overall 63% judicial poverty level, 1550 respondents were deprived of 2459 questions. This result is 13% more than 50% observed in MPI's weighted indicators (Akire, 2016). It is recommended that the topic should be further explored, particularly by the strong community of scholars, economists, and statisticians in Pakistan, by using these areas as a benchmark.

scholarly journals RENEWED CONCEPT OF POVERTY IN RUSSIA AS A FOUNDATION FOR SOCIAL POLICY

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
Daria Menshikh
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Definition Of

The theoretical and methodological approaches to measuring poverty are based on several basic concepts: the concept of basic needs, the concept of multidimensional absolute deprivation, the concept of multidimensional relative deprivation, the concept of poverty in terms of capabilities. In the Russian Federation, the monetary concept of poverty is generally accepted for poverty measurement and assessment. However, the definition of poverty within the monetary concept seems to be insufficient to identify the poor. The article provides some arguments for the necessity to move from the existing monetary concept of poverty. Cluster analysis had shown that the use of monetary concept of poverty leads to the distorted estimates of poverty and makes it impossible to create policies to combat poverty.

scholarly journals Assessing Deprivation with an Ordinal Variable: Theory and Application to Sanitation Deprivation in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Seth ◽  
Gaston Yalonetzky
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Dominance ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Variable Theory ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Ordinal Variable ◽  
Poverty Measures ◽  
Dominance Tests ◽  
Empirical Illustration

Abstract The challenges associated with poverty measurement using a cardinal variable have received much attention over the past four decades, but there is a dearth of literature on how to meaningfully assess poverty with an ordinal variable. This article proposes a class of simple, intuitive, and policy-relevant poverty measures for ordinal variables. The measures are sensitive to the depth of deprivations, unlike the headcount ratio. Moreover, under appropriate restrictions, the measures ensure that priority is given to the poorest among the poor when targeting, monitoring, and evaluating poverty alleviation programs. To assess the robustness of poverty comparisons to alternative choices of parameters, the article develops various stochastic dominance tests (some of which are novel contributions to the stochastic dominance literature). The empirical illustration documenting changes in sanitation deprivation in Bangladesh showcases the measures’ ability to identify instances in which overall sanitation deprivation improved while leaving the poorest behind.

scholarly journals Measurement of Living Standards Deprivation in Punjab Using AF Method (Periodical Comparison Approach)

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (4I-II) ◽  
pp. 739-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Shamim Rafique ◽  
Farhan Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual

In spite of taking and implementing various special measures by the government of Punjab and the Pakistan to alleviate poverty in Punjab, poverty is still there and has become a constraint in the way of economic progress and prosperity of the people of the Punjab-Pakistan. Poverty is pronounced deprivation in well-being. The conventional view links well-being primarily to command over commodities, so the poor are those who do not have enough income or consumption to put them above some adequate minimum threshold. The broadest approach to well-being and hence poverty focuses on the capability of the individual to properly function in the society. The poor lack key capabilities, and may have inadequate income or education, and last but not the least living standards. How we measure poverty can importantly influence how we come to understand it, how we analyse it, and how we create policies to influence it. In recent years, the literature on multidimensional poverty measurement has blossomed in a number of different directions. The 1997 Human Development Report vividly introduced poverty as a multidimensional phenomenon, and the Millennium Declaration and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have highlighted multiple dimensions of poverty since 2000.

scholarly journals Plumbing the Depths: The Changing (Socio-Demographic) Profile of UK Poverty

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
DANIEL EDMISTON
Keyword(s):  
Black People ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Official statistics tend to rely on a headcount approach to poverty measurement, distinguishing ‘the poor’ from the ‘non-poor’ on the basis of an anchored threshold. Invariably, this does little to engage with the gradations of material hardship affecting those living, to varying degrees, below the poverty line. In response, this paper interrogates an apparent flatlining in UK poverty to establish the changing profile of poverty, as well as those most affected by it. Drawing on the Family Resources survey, this paper reveals an increasing depth of poverty in the UK since 2010, with bifurcation observable in the living standards of different percentile groups below the poverty line. In addition, this paper demonstrates substantial compositional changes in the socio-demographic profile of (deep) poverty. Since 2010, the likelihood of falling into deep poverty has increased for women, children, larger families, Black people and those in full-time work. Within the context of COVID-19, I argue there is a need to re-think how we currently conceptualise poverty by better attending to internal heterogeneity within the broader analytical and methodological category of ‘the poor’. Doing so raises pressing questions about the prevailing modes of poverty measurement that tend to frame and delimit the social scientific analysis of poverty, as well as the policies deemed appropriate in tackling it.

scholarly journals A Subjective Poverty Approach as an Alternative Measurement in Identifying the Poor and Needy

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhana Othman ◽  
Abd Halim Mohd Noor ◽  
Mohamed Saladin Abdul Rasool
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Subjective Poverty ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Development Goals

Poverty can be measured directly (based on consumption) or indirectly (based on income).  Both direct and indirect poverty measurement are called objective poverty measurement. Nonetheless, these indicators are not enough capture the multiple aspects of poverty. Therefore, the alternative measure of poverty is needed.  Subjective poverty is an individual assessment of their own poverty status. The poor have their own understanding and interpretation of their socio-economic situation. Poverty could be analyzed in a more comprehensive and better dimension by combining objective and subjective measures in identifying the poor. The Millennium Development Goals Report (MDGR, 2015) designates that Malaysia has been successful eliminated objective poverty. Despite that, the issue of poverty still surfing especially the zakat authorities are experiencing increasing in the zakat applications categorized poor and needy each day. To avoid the situation where individuals are wrongly defined as poor or non-poor are to compile objective and subjective measures on poverty. The objectives of the study are to determine the criteria of subjective poor and to propose subjective poverty index (SPI) as an alternative poverty measurement. The empirical analysis was based of 507 zakat applicants of poor and needy in Melaka. The data was analysed using qualitative and quantitative methods in four phases of analysis.  The findings confirmed that subjective poverty index (SPI) is an initial effort to explain poverty in the perspective of the poor.

IDENTIFYING THE POOR: POVERTY MEASUREMENT FOR THE U.S. FROM 1996 TO 2005

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thesia I. Garner ◽  
Kathleen S. Short
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The U.S
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