Measurement Of Judicial Poverty

Justice is an important and functional part of the economy and positively influences the economic performance. Injustice would probably upset the poor more as it hurt the rich. This study identifies three major factors, which are the barriers to access to justice for the poor. Theoretically, this study contributes to defining the judicial demission of poverty and how to address it. On the other hand, this study will also help policymakers make and enforce the policies that can reduce the hurdles in access to justice. This study uses AF methodology, which counts different deprivations faced by individual/household, analyzed to identify poor. Primary data is collected from the district and session court Gujranwala through a self-administrative questionnaire. A total of 893 questions were asked from 112 respondents by adopting the weighted poverty measurement method. A weighted average score it is concluded that each of these three barriers contributes about 21% of the poverty level. This paper shows an overall 63% judicial poverty level, 1550 respondents were deprived of 2459 questions. This result is 13% more than 50% observed in MPI's weighted indicators (Akire, 2016). It is recommended that the topic should be further explored, particularly by the strong community of scholars, economists, and statisticians in Pakistan, by using these areas as a benchmark.

Relationship of Workplace stressors and Organizational Commitment: A study in the education sector

The present study investigated the relationship between organizational commitment and workplace stressors, such as work-family conflict, role conflict, and role ambiguity, and organizational injustice. Data has been collected from the education sector investigating university teachers of Faisalabad. The data was analyzed on 150 respondents through structural equation modeling (SEM), using the least-squares method. In this study, the Pearson chi-square, correlation, and regression test determine how well theoretical distributions fit the empirical distributions. The study's finding shows that the relationship between work-family conflict and organizational commitment; the work-family conflict has a significant negative relationship with organizational commitment. The teachers lack commitment due to their family responsibilities. The second purpose was to check the association between role ambiguity/role conflict and organizational commitment. The findings show a significant and positive relationship between role ambiguity/role conflict and organizational commitment. Conflicts and ambiguity in the roles make them struggle more to clear their role and prove themselves to the organization. There is a significant and positive relationship between organizational injustice and organizational commitment.

US-Sino Trade War, A Trading Setback Or An Opportunity For Emerging Markets

After trying to nurture positive diplomatic relationships among two major economies in the world, a cold war has been converted into a trade war between China and the United States of America. Massive tariffs have been imposed on Chinese imports by Trump administration due to which china stroked back with its tariff policy for American products. Different Chinese companies like Huawei and Haier must face unforeseen circumstances due to trade war. The market for Chinese products seems to shrank post trump policy; on one side, it is a major setback for the Chinese market as an emerging market. On the other hand, it is a golden opportunity for other emerging markets like India, Taiwan, Singapore, South Korea, and the Philippines. US-market is a vast market for Chinese electronics, technology, agriculture, leather, furniture, and many more household products since china entered in the race of globalization. A rise in tariff triggered a trade war, resulting in a decrease in Chinese share in US-market. This trade war has offered a golden opportunity for emerging markets to take over Huawei and Haier's market due to trade barriers and bans on them from the US. This paper will study deep-rooted causes of the US-Sino trade war by examining the impact of a trade war on Huawei technologies and Haier; big Chinese firms dealing worldwide and have a large share in the US-market. The research type will be exploratory, and most of the data is based on secondary data sources. It has been found in this article that the US-Sino trade war is causing losses to both economies on international trade forum. The products from other Asian countries are replacing the Chinese products in the USA. On the other hand, the emerging markets like India, Hong Kong, South Korea, and Taiwan benefit from the absence of Chinese products from the international market. Hence, the winner of the US-Sino trade wars is emerging economies.

Impact of Bank Capital and Monetary policy on Lending Behavior of USA Banking Sector Before and After Global Financial Crises

This study investigates the impact of bank capital, capital structure and monetary policy on the lending behavior of USA banks before and after global financial crises. For this purpose, sample data is collected from the annual reports of top ten banks of USA from 2001 to 2017. A panel unit root is applied to check the stationarity of variables. In order to explain the impact of bank capital, capital structure and monetary policy on lending behavior of USA banks, fixed effect and random effect model have been used. The sample data has been divided into two sets. First data set is taken from 2001 to 2008 before financial crises. Second data set is taken from 2009 to 2017 after financial crises and all above tests have been applied on these data sets. Furthermore, in order to measure the lending behavior three types of lending have been selected lending to consumers, lending to real estate and lending to commercial & industrial sector of USA banks. In order to get the better picture of lending behavior of USA banks before and after financial crises: paired sample T-test has been applied on the data of lending before and after financial crises. Results of paired sample T-test showed there is significant difference in lending to consumers, lending to commercial & industrial sector and lending to real estate before and after financial crises of USA banks because of the implementation of Basel III. So, we accept the alternative hypothesis for our second research question. Findings suggested that impact of bank capital, capital structure and monetary policy has significant impact on the lending behavior before and after the global financial crises with the positive change of sixteen percent in R-squared value. So, we accept the alternative hypothesis for our first research question. The results of coefficients shows that before financial crises (2001 to 2008) discounted interest rates have more significant impact on the lending made to consumers but after the global financial crises (2009 to 2017) discounted interest rates, capital structure and tier 1 capital ratio have more significant impact on the loan made to consumers. The results of coefficients shows that before the financial crises (2001 to 2008) discounted interest rates have more significant impact on the loan made to commercial and industrial sector but after the global financial crises (2009 to 2017) discounted interest rates, capital structure and tier 1 capital ratio have more significant impact on the loan made to commercial and industrial sector. The results of coefficients shows that before financial crises (2001 to 2008) discounted interest rates have more significant impact on the loan made to real estate but after the global financial crises (2009 to 2017) discounted interest rates and capital structure have more significant impact on the loan made to real estate. Findings of our study are aligned with Swamy (2015), who investigated the impact of bank capital on lending spreads and found that increase in capital ratio of banks would also increase their lending spreads. Our results are also matched with the findings of (Kosak et al., 2015), those concluded that capital structure significantly affect the loan growth of banks. Our results are also aligned with Chami & Cosimano (2010), they found that change in monetary policy due to Basel Accord would lead to a change in bank capital and bank loans.

Impact of Organization Learning Capability on Performance Innovation: Mediating role of Information Technology

Modern business innovation has close contact with the adoption of information technology and learning abilities in business procedures. Therefore, this study analysed the impact of organizational learning capability on the innovation performance of the firm. This study also observes the mediating role of information technology adoption between the relationship of organizational learning capability and innovation performance. Data were collected from employees of banks via questionnaire method and furthered analysed by using SmartPLS software. The results explained that organizational learning capability has a positive and significant impact on innovation performance directly. Moreover, the said variables also positively and significantly affect innovation performance when mediated by the firm's information technology adoption.

Effect Of Leadership Style On Working Culture And Employees Motivation

Based on a recent call for further research. This study is expected to quantify the impact of rational-legal, traditional, charismatic leadership style on employee's motivation and working culture. Using the survey method data was collected from 215 employees, and 15 leaders. The underpinning objective of the current study is to test the underpinning theory. The response rate was observed by 55% using the simple random sampling technique. The findings of current study indicate a positive and significant role of leaders on the working culture and employee’s motivation. Results further show that the study's five variables had played a significant role, and the results have some practical implications for Employees, Leaders, HRM departments, and organizations.

Conflicts Whether in Relationship, Task or Process Does Impact the Team Performance of Adults

This study aims to determine intragroup conflict factors that could be found within teams in an organization, the relationship between intragroup conflict, and team performance, which included relationship conflict, task conflict, and process conflict. SPSS is used to analyze the regression on the proposed model. The data has been collected from the education sector, with the sample size of 150 target population. This study proposed a positive relationship between task conflict, process conflict, and team performance; therefore, a negative relationship was examined for relationship conflict.

Critical success factors of Strategic Leadership: A literature review

A strategic leader in an organization plays a crucial role in a dynamic business environment. The paper examines an individual's general characteristics as an effective strategic leader with the support of a comprehensive secondary literature review. Data has been secured from three significant databases, i-e, google scholar, SSCI, and Scopus. Secondary research results indicated that being visionary, the strength to have the strategic and creative mindset and the knowledge to develop and maintain the right social capital, and the inclination to have moral integrity are some of the indispensable elements of effective strategic leaders. Thus, leader succession training and development models must inculcate those abilities, competencies, and characteristics into their top talents to magnify an organization's future performance. Yet, research has been exclusively studying from individual aspects composed of literature studies of business organizations, both public and profit organizations. Therefore, strategic leadership encompassing top management and board of directors' success factors in terms of a team's abilities, knowledge, and skills is still an untapped domain.

The determinant of behavioral factors which influence on credit card usages

The purpose of this paper is to examine which behavior factor effect on credit card use. Among different behavior factors, which factor more positively and significantly influence credit card use? The data are collected from individuals who have a credit card through the Lahore questionnaire. The finding shows a strong influence of behavior factor on credit card uses especially perceived usefulness. And perceived risk has a positive impact on credit card use. The study is limited to only the service sector as a credit card. Convinces sampling technique is used. For further research, influence on customer or client income also takes into consideration. This research is no precious in Pakistan's credit card, which studies behavior influences credit card use.

Occupational Safety, Health & Environmental (SHE) Issues Linked to Erosion of Systems and Replacement of Machines

Managing market risk under unknown future shocks is a critical issue for policymakers, investors and professional risk managers. These shocks can be external to the firm, like demand conditions or conditions in the market as well as internal shocks like inefficiencies or issues of governance in a business entity. More important is the health of machines and viability of systems that are in place in a firm that might threaten the safety of the workforce, tend to take the organizational management towards expensive litigation and eroding in the future of its brand position. “According to recent estimates released by the International Labor Organization (ILO), each year 2.78 million workers die from occupational accidents and work-related diseases (of which 2.4 million are disease-related) and an additional 374 million workers suffer from non-fatal occupational accidents. It is estimated that lost workdays globally represent almost 4 percent of the world’s GDP” (International Labor Organization (ILO), 2019) Problem statement A large number of firms in Pakistan are noncompliance of governance guideline especially in Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) and therefore the present study will take as SHE as its basis to investigate the future issues in the industrial sector of Pakistan.