Estimating the at Risk of Poverty Rate Before and After Social Transfers at Provincial Level in Italy

2018 ◽  
pp. 337-347
Author(s):  
Caterina Giusti ◽  
Stefano Marchetti
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Social Transfers

scholarly journals ANALISIS EFEKTIFITAS PROGRAM BANTUAN KEUANGAN KHUSUS (BKK) GERBANGSADU MANDARA DI KABUPATEN KARANGASEM TAHUN 2017 (STUDI KASUS PADA 18 DESA KAWASAN RAWAN BENCANA ERUPSI GUNUNG AGUNG)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Komang Agus Rudi Indra Laksmana ◽  
I Ketut Merta
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Government

Karangasem Regency is one of the regencies in Bali which has the highest poverty rate in Bali, The Gerbangsadu Mandara program in 2016 has been distributed in 54 villages with an average budget of 1 billion rupiah per village. However, in mid 2017 the eruption of Mount Agung erupted causing economic paralysis in 22 affected villages in Karangasem Regency. Among them 18 villages are disaster prone areas (KRB) are recipients of the Gerbangsadu Mandara program.  Indicators in measuring effectiveness used are performance measurement instruments for 2016-2018 in the form of CCR, ROI, LAR financial ratios aimed at measuring health and its relation to the readiness of citizens to receive further intervention from the government for the following year. The problems to be solved in this study are: How is the effectiveness of Gerbangsadu Mandara Special Financial Assistance (BKK) in 18 villages of Mount Agung Eruption in Karangasem Regency as seen from Cost Coverage Ratio (CCr), Return on Investment (ROI), and Loan at Risk (LAR). The results showed that during the period 2016-2018, the average performance of 18 Bumdes in Karangasem Regency for a Cost Coverage Ratio (CCr) ratio of 183% (very satisfying), Return on Investment (ROI) of 7% (quite satisfactory), and Loan at Risk (LAR) of 19% (minimum). Paired T-test shows that Sign.2-tailed value is greater than 0.05, it means that financial performance before and after the eruption of Mount Agung did not occur a significant significant difference. The conclusion is that the Bumdes financial performance in Karangasem Regency is not affected by the risk of the eruption of Mount Agung. The limitation of the research lies in the object of research at one financial institution that is Bumdes, further research this concept can be tested at other financial institutions such as Village Credit Institutions, Banks and Cooperatives.

scholarly journals Sărăcia și inegalitățile socioeconomice. Provocări pentru politicile sociale în România postdecembristă

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Elena Zamfir
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Social Transfers ◽  
Modern Vision ◽  
Persistent Poverty ◽  
European Regional

Poverty or social exclusion programs, under their multiple forms, are of decision makers' concerns at global, European, regional, and local levels. They emerge as the primary objectives of sustainable development strategies. The deepening of economic and social inequalities multiplied the risk of poverty or exclusion for highly vulnerable groups. Monitoring groups at risk of poverty and social marginalization, especially children and youth, is imperative today. Monitoring reports have been included in all country strategies and EU recommendations. In this context, measuring poverty in all its complexity using social indicators defined according to a common methodology at the European level might help identify specific cases of vulnerable persons, and provide effective support measures for groups exposed to the marginalization risk. In Romania, particular attention is paid currently to children, the group most exposed to poverty. Romania is ranked first with the highest percentage of children exposed to poverty or social exclusion, followed by Bulgaria and Greece. Finding social balance in a modern economic system presupposes promoting a highly equitable society with benefits and investments in essential sectors for equality and human development such as education, health, culture, social work, civic and political participation, etc. Sectorial social policies might increase the efficiency of social transfers for poverty or social exclusion reduction in an integrated modern vision. They might also ensure future increases in the quality of life for vulnerable groups or persons. Keywords: social policy; at-risk of poverty rate; at-risk of poverty or social exclusion; persistent poverty; severe material deprivation; economic and social inequality; social transfers. ●●●●● Programele de reducere a sărăciei sau excluziunii sociale sunt prezente în atenția decidenților politici la nivel global, european, regional și local. Ele apar ca obiective majore ale strategiilor de dezvoltare durabilă. Adâncirea masivă din ultima vreme a inegalităților economice și sociale a multiplicat riscul sărăciei sau excluziunii pentru grupurile vulnerabile. Monitorizarea situațiilor grupurilor cu risc de sărăcie și marginalizare socială, mai ales a copiilor și tinerilor, este un imperativ al prezentului. În acest context, măsurarea fenomenului sărăciei, în toată amploarea și complexitatea lui, prin indicatori sociali, clar definiți după o metodologie comună la nivel european, poate ajuta atât la identificarea cazurilor specifice de vulnerabilități cât și la stabilirea unor forme eficiente de sprijin pentru grupurile expuse riscului de marginalizare. În România, o atenție deosebită se îndreaptă cătrecopii, grupul cel mai expus sărăciei, ce a înregistrat pe perioada tranziției o rată ridicată a riscului de sărăcie sau excluziune socială. România se situează în țările membre UE pe primul loc cu procentul cel mai mare de copii expuși riscului de sărăcie sau excluziune socială. Găsirea unui echilibru social în cadrul unui sistem economic modern presupune promovarea unei societăți înalt echitabile, cu beneficii și investiții în sectoare importante pentru egalitate și dezvoltare umană precum educație, sănătate, cultură, asistență socială, participare civică și politică etc.. Politicile sociale sectoriale, doar într-o viziune integrată modernă, pot să crească eficiența transferurilor sociale înreducerea sărăciei sau excluziunii sociale. Ele trebuie să asigure în viitor o creștere a calității vieții și pentru grupuri sau persoane vulnerabile. Cuvinte-cheie: politici sociale; rata riscului de sărăcie; risc de sărăcie sau excluziune socială; sărăcie persistentă; deprivare materială severă; inegalitate economică și socială; transferuri sociale.

scholarly journals The Impact of Social Transfers on Poverty Reduction in EU Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Miežienė ◽  
Sandra Krutulienė
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Social Expenditure ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Social Transfers ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAvailable studies indicate a strong negative correlation between poverty and social expenditures in EU countries. It means that the country’s at-risk-of-poverty rate tends to erode with increasing social expenditure. However, the studies have demonstrated that the impact of government spending on poverty may vary according to the sector of spending, how well it is targeted, and the way in which it is financed. Some countries manage to achieve a rather significant poverty rate reduction even with relatively low, in the context of other Member States, social expenditure (percentage of GDP). This suggests that in order to reduce poverty rates, it is important to consider not only the amount allocated to social spending, but also the areas the social transfers are channelled to. The article aims to analyse how the composition and the extent of social spending/transfers may affect poverty reduction in EU countries. The analysis showed that social protection transfers reduce the percentage of people at-risk-of-poverty in all countries, however, to a very different extent. Regression analysis demonstrated that social exclusion and family/children expenditure was found to be the most important predictor for a relative antipoverty effect of social transfers: even a small percentage increase in such expenditure allows quite a significant increase in the relative antipoverty effect of social transfers.

scholarly journals Application of the Institute of Income Redistribution in the Form of Social Transfers in EU Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-172
Author(s):  
Irena Antošová ◽  
Jana Stávková
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Policy System ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Social Transfers

Abstract The reduction in the number of households living at risk of poverty is a common objective of EU countries but the social policy of each member state is different. This paper provides an overview of components of social transfers and their share in total household incomes in EU countries. The aim of the paper is to assess the effectiveness of the social systems of each on the basis of the number of households at risk of poverty determined before and after the payment of social benefits. Four segments of EU countries were identified in cluster analysis according to their approach to social transfer settings using primary data from EU-SILC survey. The combination of high share of social benefits and low share of old age pensions proves to be better in the fight against poverty. The relationship between an economic performance and a functioning social policy system appears in EU countries.

scholarly journals Social Assistance for Poverty Reduction in the EU Countries: An Aspect of Socio-Economic Sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 469
Author(s):  
Rasa Balvociute
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Social Transfers ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Research on the impact of social assistance benefits and other socio-economic indicators on poverty reduction during 2000 – 2017 in 24 EU countries is presented in the paper. In order to assess the impact a regression analysis model of the panel data was composed by including such indicators as changes in gross total expenditure per capita, the GDP growth rate, the share of the retirement-age population, the unemployment rate of the working-age population, the long-term unemployment rate. Research findings revealed the main socio-economic indicators that have the greatest impact on changes in poverty. The economic slowdown reduced the at-risk-of poverty gap of people with the lowest income and the economic growth reduced the poverty gap with a lag of two periods (years). The overall impact of all social transfers under analysis on the at-risk-of poverty gap was insignificant. The at-risk-of poverty rate, which shows changes in the share of the most deprived population under analysis, increased when non-targeted and means-tested benefits gal geriau social transfers increased. On the basis of these findings it can be stated that, during the period under analysis, social assistance was not well-directed, i.e. did not focus on the most deprived part of the population.  Keywords: sustainable development, social assistance benefits, means-tested benefits, the at-risk-of-poverty rate, the relative poverty gap, panel data.

Who’s at risk of entering Social Security Disability Insurance? A comparison of application and allowance rates for groups of at-risk individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara Contreary ◽  
Todd Honeycutt
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Disability Insurance ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Social Security Disability Insurance ◽  
Program Participation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Social Security Disability ◽  
Employment Characteristics

BACKGROUND: The U.S. government has implemented several programs to reduce federal expenditures on Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) and help beneficiaries return to work, but the limited success of these efforts has raised interest in approaches that help workers with disabilities remain in the workforce. OBJECTIVE: This paper provides information on individuals at risk of applying for DI benefits to help build the evidence base for policies that provide workers with disabilities support to eliminate the need to apply for and receive DI benefits. METHODS: Using three panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation matched to SSA administrative data, we describe the employment characteristics of seven groups at risk of applying for DI benefits before and after application, as well as the outcomes of their DI applications. RESULTS: New private disability insurance recipients were more likely to apply for and receive DI than members of other at-risk groups. However, individuals with high healthcare expenditures made up the largest proportion of successful applicants across the at-risk groups considered here. CONCLUSION: While it seems plausible that individuals within an at-risk group who are likely to apply for DI benefits can be identified and provided supports to help them maintain employment, focusing on a specific group to promote employment over DI benefits may have a limited effect on the DI program because applicants come from multiple groups.

scholarly journals PARE0007 PATIENT AND PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT IN CLINICAL TRIAL DESIGN

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1289.1-1290
Author(s):  
S. De Souza ◽  
R. Williams ◽  
E. Johansson ◽  
C. Zabalan ◽  
T. Esterine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Public Involvement ◽  
Clinical Trial Design ◽  
Patient And Public Involvement ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Extensive Consultation ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Eu

Background:Patient and public involvement (PPI) is gaining increasing recognition as important in ensuring research is relevant and acceptable to participants. Rheuma Tolerance for Cure (RTCure) is a 5 year international collaboration between academia and industry; focusing on earlier detection and prevention of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through the use of immune-tolerising treatments.Objectives:To bring lived experience and insight into scientific discussions; and to evolve collaboration between lay representatives and academia/industry.Methods:9 Patient Research Partners (PRPs) from 5 European countries were recruited via the EULAR PARE Network and institutions within the RTCure Consortium (8 PRPs with RA and 1 ‘at risk’). They were asked to enter into a legal agreement with the Consortium. PRPs participated in teleconferences (TCs) and were invited to attend face-to-face (F2F) meetings at least annually. Requests for input/feedback were sent from researchers to PRPs via the project’s Patient Engagement Expert [SK].Results:PRP involvement has given researchers and industry partners a new perspective on patient priorities, and focused thought on the ethics of recruitment for and participation in clinical trials of people ‘at risk’ of developing RA. PRPs have helped define the target populations, given their thoughts on what types of treatments are acceptable to people ‘at risk’ and have aided the development of a survey (sent to EULAR PARE members) regarding the use of animal models in biomedical research. Positive informal feedback has been received from researchers and industry regarding the contribution of PRPs to the ongoing project (formal evaluation of PPI in RTCure will be carried out in 2020 and at the project end in 2022).Challenges:Legal agreements- Many PRPs refused to sign the Consortium’s complex PRP Agreement; feeling it unnecessary, incomprehensible and inequitable. After extensive consultation with various parties (including EULAR and the Innovative Medicines Initiative) no similar contract was found. Views for its requirement even varied between legal experts. After 2 years of intense discussion, a simple non-disclosure agreement was agreed upon. Ideally any contract, if required, should be approved prior to project onset.Meeting logistics- Other improvements identified were to locate the meeting venue and accommodation on the same site to minimise travel, and to make it easier for PRPs to take breaks when required. This also facilitates informal discussions and patient inclusivity. We now have agreed a policy to fund PRPs extra nights before and after meetings, and to bring a carer if needed.Enabling understanding– Future annual meetings will start with a F2F meeting between PRPs and Work Package Leads. Researchers will be encouraged to start presentations with a summary slide in lay language. Additionally, an RTCure Glossary is in development.Enabling participation– SK will provide monthly project updates and PRP TCs will be held in the evening (as some PRPs remain employed). PRPs will be invited to all project TCs and F2F meetings. Recruitment is underway to increase the number of ‘at risk’ PRPs as their viewpoint is vital to this study.Conclusion:Currently PPI in RTCure is an ongoing mutual learning process. Universal guidance regarding what types of contracts are needed for PPI would be useful. Communication, trust and fruitful discussions have evolved through F2F meetings (both formal and informal) between PRPs, academia and industry. It is important that all parties can be open with each other in order to make PPI more meaningful.Acknowledgments:This work has received support from the EU/EFPIA Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking RTCure grant number 777357.Disclosure of Interests:Savia de Souza: None declared, Ruth Williams: None declared, Eva Johansson: None declared, Codruta Zabalan: None declared, Tom Esterine: None declared, Margôt Bakkers: None declared, Wolfgang Roth: None declared, Neil Mc Carthy: None declared, Meryll Blake: None declared, Susanne Karlfeldt: None declared, Martina Johannesson: None declared, Karim Raza Grant/research support from: KR has received research funding from AbbVie and Pfizer, Consultant of: KR has received honoraria and/or consultancy fees from AbbVie, Sanofi, Lilly, Bristol-Myers Squibb, UCB, Pfizer, Janssen and Roche Chugai, Speakers bureau: KR has received honoraria and/or consultancy fees from AbbVie, Sanofi, Lilly, Bristol-Myers Squibb, UCB, Pfizer, Janssen and Roche Chugai

scholarly journals Daily Bathing with Chlorhexidine-Based Soap and the Prevention of Staphylococcus aureus Transmission and Infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Viray ◽  
James C. Morley ◽  
Craig M. Coopersmith ◽  
Marin H. Kollef ◽  
Victoria J. Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Chlorhexidine Bathing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Surgical Icu ◽  
Time Series Methodology

Objective.Determine whether daily bathing with chlorhexidine-based soap decreased methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) transmission and intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired S. aureus infection among ICU patients.Design.Prospective pre-post-intervention study with control unit.Setting.A 1,250-bed tertiary care teaching hospital.Patients.Medical and surgical ICU patients.Methods.Active surveillance for MRSA colonization was performed in both ICUs. In June 2005, a chlorhexidine bathing protocol was implemented in the surgical ICU. Changes in S. aureus transmission and infection rate before and after implementation were analyzed using time-series methodology.Results.The intervention unit had a 20.68% decrease in MRSA acquisition after institution of the bathing protocol (12.64 cases per 1,000 patient-days at risk before the intervention vs 10.03 cases per 1,000 patient-days at risk after the intervention; β, −2.62 [95% confidence interval (CI), −5.19 to −0.04]; P = .046). There was no significant change in MRSA acquisition in the control ICU during the study period (10.97 cases per 1,000 patient-days at risk before June 2005 vs 11.33 cases per 1,000 patient-days at risk after June 2005; β, −11.10 [95% CI, −37.40 to 15.19]; P = .40). There was a 20.77% decrease in all S. aureus (including MRSA) acquisition in the intervention ICU from 2002 through 2007 (19.73 cases per 1,000 patient-days at risk before the intervention to 15.63 cases per 1,000 patient-days at risk after the intervention [95% CI, −7.25 to −0.95]; P = .012)]. The incidence of ICU-acquired MRSA infections decreased by 41.37% in the intervention ICU (1.96 infections per 1,000 patient-days at risk before the intervention vs 1.15 infections per 1,000 patient-days at risk after the intervention; P = .001).Conclusions.Institution of daily chlorhexidine bathing in an ICU resulted in a decrease in the transmission of S. aureus, including MRSA. These data support the use of routine daily chlorhexidine baths to decrease rates of S. aureus transmission and infection.

Masculinity in the Midst of Mindfulness: Exploring the Gendered Experiences of At-risk Adolescent Boys

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-149
Author(s):  
Tim Lomas ◽  
Ellie Garraway ◽  
Chloe Stanton ◽  
Itai Ivtzan
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Emotional Competencies ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Multiple Pressures ◽  
At Risk Adolescents ◽  
Difficult Transition

Teenage boys are a source of considerable concern in society, with generally poorer health, educational, and social outcomes than their female counterparts. Of particular concern are “at-risk” adolescents, who by definition are liable to poorer outcomes than peers not deemed at-risk. However, there are indications that activities such as mindfulness may offer opportunities for such adolescents to negotiate more positive constructions of masculinity. This study piloted a new four-week mindfulness-based intervention, created specifically for a group of eight at-risk adolescent boys at a school in London. In-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with participants before and after the intervention and analyzed using grounded theory. The data revealed an overarching theme of “pressure control.” Participants depicted themselves as facing multiple pressures, many of which related to making the difficult transition from childhood to adulthood. However, the context of the intervention enabled them to generate a masculine construction in which they were able to reclaim agency and self-control. Notably, such control was often exercised in the direction of facilitating emotional connection and agility, thus subverting traditional masculine expectations. The results show that at-risk adolescent boys are capable of more nuanced and skilled emotional competencies than they are often given credit for.

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