scholarly journals Sărăcia și inegalitățile socioeconomice. Provocări pentru politicile sociale în România postdecembristă

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Elena Zamfir
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Social Transfers ◽  
Modern Vision ◽  
Persistent Poverty ◽  
European Regional

Poverty or social exclusion programs, under their multiple forms, are of decision makers' concerns at global, European, regional, and local levels. They emerge as the primary objectives of sustainable development strategies. The deepening of economic and social inequalities multiplied the risk of poverty or exclusion for highly vulnerable groups. Monitoring groups at risk of poverty and social marginalization, especially children and youth, is imperative today. Monitoring reports have been included in all country strategies and EU recommendations. In this context, measuring poverty in all its complexity using social indicators defined according to a common methodology at the European level might help identify specific cases of vulnerable persons, and provide effective support measures for groups exposed to the marginalization risk. In Romania, particular attention is paid currently to children, the group most exposed to poverty. Romania is ranked first with the highest percentage of children exposed to poverty or social exclusion, followed by Bulgaria and Greece. Finding social balance in a modern economic system presupposes promoting a highly equitable society with benefits and investments in essential sectors for equality and human development such as education, health, culture, social work, civic and political participation, etc. Sectorial social policies might increase the efficiency of social transfers for poverty or social exclusion reduction in an integrated modern vision. They might also ensure future increases in the quality of life for vulnerable groups or persons. Keywords: social policy; at-risk of poverty rate; at-risk of poverty or social exclusion; persistent poverty; severe material deprivation; economic and social inequality; social transfers. ●●●●● Programele de reducere a sărăciei sau excluziunii sociale sunt prezente în atenția decidenților politici la nivel global, european, regional și local. Ele apar ca obiective majore ale strategiilor de dezvoltare durabilă. Adâncirea masivă din ultima vreme a inegalităților economice și sociale a multiplicat riscul sărăciei sau excluziunii pentru grupurile vulnerabile. Monitorizarea situațiilor grupurilor cu risc de sărăcie și marginalizare socială, mai ales a copiilor și tinerilor, este un imperativ al prezentului. În acest context, măsurarea fenomenului sărăciei, în toată amploarea și complexitatea lui, prin indicatori sociali, clar definiți după o metodologie comună la nivel european, poate ajuta atât la identificarea cazurilor specifice de vulnerabilități cât și la stabilirea unor forme eficiente de sprijin pentru grupurile expuse riscului de marginalizare. În România, o atenție deosebită se îndreaptă cătrecopii, grupul cel mai expus sărăciei, ce a înregistrat pe perioada tranziției o rată ridicată a riscului de sărăcie sau excluziune socială. România se situează în țările membre UE pe primul loc cu procentul cel mai mare de copii expuși riscului de sărăcie sau excluziune socială. Găsirea unui echilibru social în cadrul unui sistem economic modern presupune promovarea unei societăți înalt echitabile, cu beneficii și investiții în sectoare importante pentru egalitate și dezvoltare umană precum educație, sănătate, cultură, asistență socială, participare civică și politică etc.. Politicile sociale sectoriale, doar într-o viziune integrată modernă, pot să crească eficiența transferurilor sociale înreducerea sărăciei sau excluziunii sociale. Ele trebuie să asigure în viitor o creștere a calității vieții și pentru grupuri sau persoane vulnerabile. Cuvinte-cheie: politici sociale; rata riscului de sărăcie; risc de sărăcie sau excluziune socială; sărăcie persistentă; deprivare materială severă; inegalitate economică și socială; transferuri sociale.

scholarly journals Social Indicators and the Effectiveness of Social Transfers in Greece over the Recent Crisis

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Maria Botsari ◽  
Theodoros Mitrakos
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Social Transfers ◽  
Of Greece

<p>In this paper we present key statistics on poverty, inequality and social exclusion in Greece and the eurozone over the crisis period 2009-2014. The data presented in this paper reveal that six years of economic recession and usterity in Greece have had a significant negative impact on rates of poverty and social exclusion, which have reached historically unprecedented and socially unacceptable high levels. Our data and analyses suggest that the Welfare State, one of the major functions of which is to redistribute income collected through taxation via social transfers, is the least effective in Greece, among all eurozone countries, in alleviating poverty and income inequality. Greece is ranked last in the Eurozone in terms of trust in government, freedom of choice, perceived levels of public sector corruption, and happiness, and third and second to last, respectively, in terms of trust in others and social support. We argue that the erosion of the social fabric and the perceived quality of the Greek climate of trust appear to be part of the story of Greece being the biggest happiness loser among 125 countries from 2005-2007 to 2012-2014.</p>

scholarly journals POVERTY IN RURAL AREAS: AN OUTLINE OF THE PROBLEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Sławomir Kalinowski
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
Poverty Lines

This article is an attempt to determine the level of poverty in rural areas in Poland. The author reviewed the most important publications on poverty and the indicators that determine its scale. Relative, objective and subjective poverty lines were used to present the range of rural poverty against the background of total poverty. Analyses showed that the at-risk-of-poverty rate for rural areas in Poland amounted to 21.2%. This means that almost every fifth rural resident is at risk of poverty, whereas every tenth resident is at risk of extreme poverty. The article also presents the rural areas in Poland which are at the highest risk of social exclusion. These areas were distinguished on the basis of the number of registered families receiving social benefits. Both Eurostat (EU-SILC) and Local Data Bank of the Statistics Poland (BDL GUS) were used.

scholarly journals The Impact of Social Transfers on Poverty Reduction in EU Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Miežienė ◽  
Sandra Krutulienė
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Social Expenditure ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Social Transfers ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAvailable studies indicate a strong negative correlation between poverty and social expenditures in EU countries. It means that the country’s at-risk-of-poverty rate tends to erode with increasing social expenditure. However, the studies have demonstrated that the impact of government spending on poverty may vary according to the sector of spending, how well it is targeted, and the way in which it is financed. Some countries manage to achieve a rather significant poverty rate reduction even with relatively low, in the context of other Member States, social expenditure (percentage of GDP). This suggests that in order to reduce poverty rates, it is important to consider not only the amount allocated to social spending, but also the areas the social transfers are channelled to. The article aims to analyse how the composition and the extent of social spending/transfers may affect poverty reduction in EU countries. The analysis showed that social protection transfers reduce the percentage of people at-risk-of-poverty in all countries, however, to a very different extent. Regression analysis demonstrated that social exclusion and family/children expenditure was found to be the most important predictor for a relative antipoverty effect of social transfers: even a small percentage increase in such expenditure allows quite a significant increase in the relative antipoverty effect of social transfers.

scholarly journals Mapeamentos das Desigualdades de Renda em Dourados – MS / Mapping of income inequality in Dourados-MS

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (48) ◽  
pp. 85-103
Author(s):  
Luana Santos Souza ◽  
Alexandre BERGAMIN VIEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Spatial View ◽  
The City

Entendemos ser essencial a análise e a compreensão da produção e estruturação do espaço urbano das cidades brasileiras, que cada vez mais se apresentam desiguais, segregadas e excludentes. Neste artigo buscamos compreender as características gerais das discussões sobre desigualdades sociais através da elaboração do mapeamento de indicadores sociais, a fim de revelar a realidade socioespacial da cidade de Dourados – MS.  Os mapas temáticos permitem-nos identificar e analisar como a exclusão social e as desigualdades se expressam no espaço intraurbano douradense. Assim o mapeamento dos indicadores sociais proporciona uma melhor visualização espacial da realidade, pois o mapa como instrumento de leitura da realidade, indicando o “o que” e o “onde”, cria uma visão da cidade que é espacial e relacional. Assim, para este texto foram elaborados mapas acerca da renda per capita do domicílio, buscando revelar onde a exclusão social é mais evidente, ao identificar o “o lugar de cada um” na cidade de Dourados. Ao mesmo tempo, os mapas auxiliam no processo de implementação de políticas que buscam amenizar o processo de exclusão social.Palavras–chave: Dourados; Mapeamento; Desigualdade Socioespacial.AbstractWe believe it is essential to the analysis and understanding of the production and structuring of urban space in brazilian cities, which increasingly have inequalities, segregated and exclusionary. In this article we try to understand the general characteristics of the discussions on social inequalities through the development of mapping social indicators in order to reveal the socio-spatial reality of the city of Dourados-MS. Thematic maps allow us to identify and analyze how social exclusion and inequalities are expressed in the intra-urban douradense space. So the mapping of social indicators provides a better spatial view of reality, because the map as a true reading instrument, indicating the "what" and "where" creates a vision of the city that is spatial and relational. So for this text were prepared maps on the per capita income of the household, seeking to reveal where social exclusion is more evident, to identify the "place of the each" in the city of Dourados. At the same time, the maps help in policy implementation process seeking to ease the process of social exclusion.Keywords: Dourados; mapping; Socio-Spatial inequalities

scholarly journals Social Assistance for Poverty Reduction in the EU Countries: An Aspect of Socio-Economic Sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 469
Author(s):  
Rasa Balvociute
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Social Transfers ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Research on the impact of social assistance benefits and other socio-economic indicators on poverty reduction during 2000 – 2017 in 24 EU countries is presented in the paper. In order to assess the impact a regression analysis model of the panel data was composed by including such indicators as changes in gross total expenditure per capita, the GDP growth rate, the share of the retirement-age population, the unemployment rate of the working-age population, the long-term unemployment rate. Research findings revealed the main socio-economic indicators that have the greatest impact on changes in poverty. The economic slowdown reduced the at-risk-of poverty gap of people with the lowest income and the economic growth reduced the poverty gap with a lag of two periods (years). The overall impact of all social transfers under analysis on the at-risk-of poverty gap was insignificant. The at-risk-of poverty rate, which shows changes in the share of the most deprived population under analysis, increased when non-targeted and means-tested benefits gal geriau social transfers increased. On the basis of these findings it can be stated that, during the period under analysis, social assistance was not well-directed, i.e. did not focus on the most deprived part of the population.  Keywords: sustainable development, social assistance benefits, means-tested benefits, the at-risk-of-poverty rate, the relative poverty gap, panel data.

scholarly journals A hidden side of the COVID-19 pandemic in children: the double burden of undernutrition and overnutrition

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boutaina Zemrani ◽  
Mario Gehri ◽  
Eric Masserey ◽  
Cyril Knob ◽  
Rachel Pellaton
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Children's Nutrition ◽  
The World ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Potential Impact

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has deteriorated key determinants of health and caused major upheavals around the world. Children, although less directly affected by the virus, are paying a heavy price through the indirect effects of the crisis, including poor diet, mental health impact, social isolation, addiction to screens and lack of schooling and health care, particularly among vulnerable groups. This paper is aimed at discussing the potential impact of this pandemic on children’s nutrition and lifestyle. Preliminary data from the literature and from our survey show significant disruptions in nutrition and lifestyle habits of children. While undernutrition is expected to worsen in poor countries, obesity rates could increase in middle- and high-income countries especially among precarious groups widening the gap in health and social inequalities.The real impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children extends well beyond that of a viral infection. This crisis has public health implications that could have life-long consequences on children. It requires effective and targeted measures mainly for vulnerable children and households to guarantee children’s basic rights for optimal nutrition, health and development.

Confinement risks and social inequality in Latin America: Evidence from Argentina

2021 ◽  
pp. 001139212199001
Author(s):  
Fiorella Mancini
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health And Well Being

Social distancing and isolation measures in response to COVID-19 have confined individuals to their homes and produced unexpected side-effects and secondary risks. In Latin America, the measures taken by individual governments to mitigate these new daily and experiential risks have varied significantly as have the responses to social isolation in each country. Given these new social circumstances, the purpose of this article is to investigate, from the sociological approach of risk-taking, the relationship between confinement, secondary risks and social inequality. The author argues that secondary risks, despite their broad scope, are deeply structured by social inequalities in contemporary societies, especially in developing countries. To corroborate this hypothesis, a quantitative comparative analysis is performed for the Argentine case. Using data from a web-survey and correspondence analysis (CA), there are three major findings: (1) there are some widespread experiences similarly distributed across all social strata, especially those related to emotional and subjective matters; (2) other risks follow socio-structural inequalities, especially those corresponding to material and cultural aspects of consumption; (3) for specific vulnerable groups, compulsory confinement causes great dilemmas of decision-making between health and well-being.

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