At the Origins of European Foreign Policy: European Exceptionalism and the Case of Development Aid

2018 ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
Sara Lorenzini
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Development Aid

Finding Faith in Foreign Policy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregorio Bettiza
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
International System ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
First Century ◽  
Sacred Landscapes ◽  
Muslim Politics ◽  
The Cold War

Since the end of the Cold War, religion has been systematically brought to the fore of American foreign policy. US foreign policymakers have been increasingly tasked with promoting religious freedom globally, delivering humanitarian and development aid abroad through faith-based channels, pacifying Muslim politics and reforming Islamic theologies in the context of fighting terrorism, and engaging religious actors to solve multiple conflicts and crises around the world. Across a range of different domains, religion has progressively become an explicit and organized subject and object of US foreign policy in ways that were unimaginable just a few decades ago. If God was supposed to be vanquished by the forces of modernity and secularization, why has the United States increasingly sought to understand and manage religion abroad? In what ways have the boundaries between faith and state been redefined as religion has become operationalized in American foreign policy? What kind of world order is emerging in the twenty-first century as the most powerful state in the international system has come to intervene in sustained and systematic ways in sacred landscapes around the globe? This book addresses these questions by developing an original theoretical framework and drawing upon extensive empirical research and interviews. It argues that American foreign policy and religious forces have become ever more inextricably entangled in an age witnessing a global resurgence of religion and the emergence of a postsecular world society.

Foreign Policy as Pork-barrel Spending: Incentives for Legislator Credit Claiming on Foreign Aid

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1418-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Heinrich ◽  
Timothy M. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
National Level ◽  
Donor Country ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Electoral Incentives ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Pork Barrel ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Credit Claiming

Foreign policy often creates geographically concentrated domestic benefits. A prominent example is the tying of development aid to purchases from the donor country. This feature of aid highlights the utility in examining foreign policy as an instance of pork-barrel politics. Considering tied aid in terms of legislators’ incentives to provide constituent benefits, we argue that people will support an increase in foreign aid spending more when it would promote local economic activity, while opposing aid cuts more when reduced local economic output would result. Crucially, we also expect that people will support their state’s US senator more when informed that the senator attempted to secure (or retain) locally beneficial funds. We find support for our expectations in a novel survey experiment of US citizens. Our results suggest that legislators’ electoral incentives, and consequential local spending, can help explain the adoption of foreign policies despite national-level public disapproval.

Permanent EU asylum reforms will be hard in crisis

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Policy Impact ◽  
Parliamentary Election ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Critical Policy

Significance The EU's 'Dublin' asylum system, whereby protection responsibilities rest with the first EU state of entry, has broken down under the scale of the influx of refugees and migrants from the Middle East and Africa. Scenes in Europe have shocked many and highlighted EU states' failure to agree on the distribution and nature of internal responsibility for asylum-seekers. Impacts The internal measures under discussion will be insufficient to manage the flows of people reaching Europe's borders. Further action on foreign policy, migration, crime and humanitarian and development aid will remain necessary to address migration drivers. Given the CEE states' stance, the outcome of Poland's October parliamentary election could have a critical policy impact.

scholarly journals Authoritarian Emigration States: Soft Power and Cross-Border Mobility in the Middle East

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerasimos Tsourapas
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Developmental Needs ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Sub Saharan

Can labor emigration form part of a state’s foreign policy goals? The relevant literature links emigration to states’ developmental needs, which does not explain why some states choose to economically subsidize their citizens’ emigration. This article explores for the first time the soft power importance of high-skilled emigration from authoritarian emigration states. It finds that the Egyptian state under Gamal Abdel Nasser employed labor emigration for two distinct purposes linked to broader soft power interests: first, as an instrument of cultural diplomacy to spread revolutionary ideals of Arab unity and anti-imperialism across the Middle East; second, as a tool for disseminating development aid, particularly in Yemen and sub-Saharan Africa. Drawing on Arabic and non-Arabic primary sources, the article identifies the interplay between foreign policy and cross-border mobility, while also sketching an evolving research agenda on authoritarian emigration states’ policy-making.

scholarly journals Pomoc rozwojowa jako instrument polityki zagranicznej Republiki Federalnej Niemiec

2018 ◽  
pp. 73-85
Author(s):  
Martin Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
International Environment ◽  
Effective Instrument

Due to its historical experience and geopolitical location, the Federal Republic of Germany is a state which uses so-called soft instruments in its foreign policy. Development aid, which has more and more often assumed the form of development cooperation over the years, is one of the most effective foreign policy instruments used by Germany.The purpose of this article is to answer the question of to what extent and in what areas is development policy an effective instrument of German foreign policy? The considerations refer particularly to liberal theory in international relations and, to some extent, to the assumptions of realism. The research methodology adopted is based on analysis of facts and selected documents. The main conclusions from the study confirm the assumption adopted in the introduction that development aid is one of the most important instruments used by Germany to influence the international environment.

News Media Coverage Influence on Japan's Foreign Aid Allocations

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID M. POTTER ◽  
DOUGLAS VAN BELLE
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
News Media ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Less Developed Country

This study explores the role that news coverage plays in the allocation of Japanese development aid. Conceptually, it is expected that democratic foreign policy officials, including those working in bureaucratic governmental structures will try to match the magnitude of their actions with what they expect is the public's perception of the importance of the recipient. News media salience serves an easily accessible indicator of that domestic political importance and, in the case of foreign aid, this suggests that higher levels of news coverage of a less-developed country will lead to higher aid commitments. The statistical analysis demonstrates that the level of news coverage is a statistically significant factor in Japanese aid distributions. More significantly, the analysis demonstrates that separating grant aid from other forms of aid is critical for the empirical examination of the determinants of Japanese aid.

scholarly journals Official Development Assistance in Japan's Strategy in Central Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-111
Author(s):  
O. A. Dobrinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Military Alliance ◽  
Asian Identity

The article analyzes the official development aid (ODA) as a tool for ensuring Japan’s interests in Central Asia. The author puts forward an idea that ODA reflects the complex nature of Japan’s foreign policy which is a combination of a strategies based on national interests, efforts at implementation of liberal values and seeking common Asian identity. The research starts from the brief overview of history of the ODA and then proceeds to the coverage of Japan’s ODA towards Central Asia to demonstrate how the evolution of Japan’s political priorities manifested itself in the country’s assistance policy. The author uses quantitative and qualitative analysis of ODA to Central Asia as well as content analysis of the key documents on diplomacy and ODA. The research then focuses on the main directions of assistance and studies how they relate to Japan’s foreign policy goals. Further attention is given to the role Japan plays in the region, by assessing her position among the main donors of Central Asia as well as the significance of its aid from the point of view of economic development of the region, ODA’s security role and Japan’s efforts at preserving the cultural heritage of the region. The author comes to the conclusion that realism-based objectives such as getting access to the natural resources of the region, securing its geopolitical stance in the heart of Eurasia and ensuring the support for Japan’s bid to the UN Security Council seat by five Central Asian states dominate Japan’s ODA policy. It is also influenced by external factors, such as US-Japan military alliance and Japan’s geopolitical rivalry with China. At the same time, much of Japan’s efforts are directed at liberal goals such as promoting democracy in the region with Japan being a role model for democratization, supporting modernization and market economy. Assisting economic development and helping settle security issues with an emphasis on human security projects demonstrate not only Japan’s desire to boost its positive image in the region but also enhance its international reputation and its vision of Central Asia as a ground for cooperation with other countries. The author comes to the conclusion that cultural ODA is directed at objects related to shared history, mainly at preservation of the Buddhist heritage which Japan sees as a foundation for common identity and which underlies its connections to the Silk Road.

Rising nationalism will drive Tanzanian foreign policy

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Foreign Minister ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Use Tax ◽  
The Government

Subject Tanzanian foreign policy outlook. Significance On May 30, new Foreign Minister Palamagamba Kabudi told parliament that, under President John Magufuli, Tanzania would never ‘kneel’ before donors to obtain aid. Kabudi’s statement -- and his recent appointment -- suggest a deep underlying shift is underway in Tanzanian foreign policy. Impacts The government will put more pressure on revenue authorities to use tax to compensate for slowing development aid. Authorities will actively enforce strict new investment and natural resources laws, to squeeze revenue from local and foreign investors. If domestic revenue falls short, the government may still reluctantly turn to traditional donors, or Chinese loans with fewer conditions. Tanzania will likely try to initiate and encourage more business deals with regional neighbours.

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