REGARDING THE THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF SYSTEM MANAGEMENT OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION BY ROAD TRANSPORT

2020 ◽  
Vol 264 (4) ◽  
pp. 2-9
Author(s):  
Oleksiy Klimenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Management System ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
System Management ◽  
Infrastructure Maintenance ◽  
Material Extraction

Suggestions for the development of theoretical and methodological foundations of system management of energy efficiency and environmental pollution by road transport in the life cycle are given. It takes into account all essential areas covering transportation, infrastructure, maintenance, also energy, chemical and automotive industries, raw material extraction, utilization, and related processes of energy consumption and environmental pollution, distributed in space and time. A universal structural scheme of the “supersystem” is proposed, which reflects the processes of consumption of energy, material and other resources, distributed environmental pollution through the functioning of road transport and related industries, and linked damage as well. The target function of the “supersystem” can be represented as the fulfilment during a certain period (covering the life cycle of the main elements – objects of influence (regulation) and investment of financial resources) of the specified volumes of certain types of transport work with the minimum possible and economically justified consumption of energy, consumables, materials, other resources (including those consumed by the transportation, infrastructure, maintenance, also energy, chemical and automotive industries, raw material extraction, utilization), the minimum possible losses due to artificial pressure on the recipients (human beings, fauna and flora, buildings, etc.) of directly the transport system and infrastructure, as well as side effects of processes in other elements of the “supersystem”, that may be reduced to the total cost of transport, taking into account the inflation index of monetary units. It is proposed to carry out a mathematical description of complicated sets, dynamically distributed in the space of objects that change the structure and properties over time, based on the further development of such a tool as the theory of multisets. In a simplified form, it is presented an example of a fragment of the management system based on measures to regulate the first access of vehicles to the market, further operation, and to certain elements of infrastructure, with the introduction of low emission zones in cities. The development, creation and effective functioning of the management system of transport and related sectors of the economy in those mentioned above and other parts, requires a coherent system approach based on forecasting (modelling) the consequences of decisions, which can be implemented using the tools described in this article. Keywords: wheeled vehicles, road transport, systems management, energy efficiency, environmental pollution.

Archaeology of Slavery From Cross-Cultural Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-405
Author(s):  
Václav Hrnčíř ◽  
Petr Květina
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Political Integration ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Metal Production ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
Material Extraction

Slavery is difficult to ascertain in the archaeological record, especially because of the lack of material evidence. Using the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample of 186 societies, our aim was to find indirect and easily identifiable indicators of the presence of slavery. The results show links between slavery and the expected and familiar domains (e.g., warfare, polygyny, social and political integration) as well as its relationship to metallurgy, which can be considered an innovative finding. This text attempts to explain and give context to the metallurgy relationship with historical examples related to the exploitation of slaves during various stages of the operational chain of metal production. These include raw material extraction, production of charcoal, and construction or reconstruction of smelting furnaces.

scholarly journals Integrated hybrid life cycle assessment and supply chain environmental profile evaluations of lead-based (lead zirconate titanate) versus lead-free (potassium sodium niobate) piezoelectric ceramics

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3495-3520 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ibn-Mohammed ◽  
S. C. L. Koh ◽  
I. M. Reaney ◽  
A. Acquaye ◽  
D. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Sodium Niobate ◽  
Potassium Sodium Niobate ◽  
Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Material Extraction

Contrary to conventional knowledge, LCA of PZT vs. KNN indicates the presence of niobium in KNN constitutes far greater impact across all the 16 categories considered in comparison with PZT. The increased environmental impact of KNN occurs in the early stages of the LCA due to raw material extraction and processing.

scholarly journals Multitemporal Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Marble Extraction Assessment in an Underground Quarry of the Apuan Alps (Italy)

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Di Bartolo ◽  
Riccardo Salvini
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
3D Point Clouds ◽  
Apuan Alps ◽  
Material Extraction

This article focuses on the use of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) for change detection analysis of multitemporal point clouds datasets. Two topographic surveys were carried out during the years 2016 and 2017 in an underground marble quarry of the Apuan Alps (Italy) combining TLS with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Total Station (TS) studies. Multitemporal 3D point clouds were processed and compared with the aim of identifying areas subjected to significant material extraction. Point clouds representing changed areas were converted into triangular meshes in order to compute the volume of extracted material over one year of quarrying activities. General purpose of this work is to show a valid method to examine the morphological changes due to raw material extraction with the focus of highlighting benefits, accuracies and drawbacks. The purpose of the executed survey was that of supporting the planning of quarrying activities in respect of regional rules, safety and commercial reasons.

scholarly journals A Framework for Life Cycle Assessment and Cost Analysis of Precast and Cast-in-Place Buildings in United States

10.29007/f3tz ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanmay Vasishta ◽  
Mohammed Mehany
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
The World ◽  
Material Extraction

The concept of construction sustainability has been gaining traction over years now. A large number of tools has been used to assess economic and environmental impacts of the buildings. LCA and LCCA are one of the most widely used tools to evaluate the environmental and economic impacts of the buildings over their complete life cycle. The aim of this research is to develop a framework for assessing the economic and environmental impacts of precast and cast-in-place buildings constructed in United States through Open LCA software. The study will include unit processes and material flows from raw material extraction and manufacturing phase to demolition phase of a building (cradle-to-grave) over the life span of 50 years. The developed framework for LCA and LCCA could be applied to all concrete construction projects across the world and could be used as platform for conducting future LCA and LCCA studies as well. Future research could be conducted through probabilistic approach of calculating the annual cost impacts over the complete life cycle of a building.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kehalusan Bahan Dan Lama Ekstraksi Terhadap Mutu Ekstrak Tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feri Manoi
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis ◽  
Material Extraction

Utilization of medicinal plants both for health and treatment increased at this time. Number of Traditional Medicine Industry (IOT), Small Industries Traditional Medicine (IKOT) and Industrial Appliances (PIRT) is increasing. Thus the demand for raw materials is increasing, one of which is tempuyung. Good quality raw material in the form of crude drugs and extracts need to be considered as related to the efficacy and quality of products for further processing. The study aims to determine the effect size and the old material extraction to the yield and quality of the extract. Activity consists of two sub-activities (1). How to drying (a) the sun covered with black cloth, (b) the sun combination of tools, and (c) drier. Sub-activities (2) extraction technique which consists of two factors: the fineness of materials (20,40 and 60 mesh) and the second factor is the length of the extraction (2, 4, and 6 hours). The study design using factorial completely randomized design with three replications. Parameter observations consisted of yield bulbs, phytochemical screening, quality characteristics, extract yield, and quality extracts. The results showed levels of water extract Sonchus arvensis L. greater than the levels of alcohol cider. Quality simplicia Sonchus arvensis L. dried using a dryer is not different from the quality of the dried under the sun. Fineness of materials and time of extraction affects the yield of the extract Sonchus arvensis L Keywords: Subtlety material, extraction, quality

Leveraging Production Waste Streams: Enablers of Successful By-Product Exchange—An Exploratory Study

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Gyles ◽  
Alicia Mruthyunjaya ◽  
Franley Sanchez ◽  
Jerry Valentino ◽  
Marcos Esterman
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Production Waste ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
By Products ◽  
Material Extraction

As the topic of sustainability continues to gain momentum, companies are seeking ways to integrate environmental solutions into their product development process. Decisions made throughout the product development process affect the sustainability of the product from raw material extraction, to production process impacts, to end of life disposal. One such impact is the generation of waste by-products. By utilizing waste as raw materials, companies can continue to cycle technical and biological nutrients thus minimizing the scatter of waste to the natural environment. The focus of this research is to explore the enablers and barriers to utilizing waste streams as raw materials. Using a qualitative approach, nine different organizations from four companies crossing over multiple industries are studied. Key characteristics of production waste that enable successful by-product exchanges are identified, as well as the role the product development process needs to play in creating value from exchanges.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document