Ethnic Identity, Social Mobility and the Role of Soulmates

Ivan Ogienko (1882-1972), also known as Metropolitan Hilarion, devoted much attention to the role and place of religion in the national life of Ukrainians and their ethnic identity in their scholarly and theological works. Without exaggeration it can be argued that the problem of national unity of the Ukrainian people is one of the key principles of all historiosophical considerations of the famous scholar and theologian. If the purpose of the spiritual life of a Ukrainian, according to his views, is to serve God, then the purpose of state or terrestrial life is the dedicated service to his people. The purpose of heaven and the purpose of the earthly paths, intersecting in the life of a certain group of people through the lives of its individual representatives, give rise to a unique alliance of spiritual unity, the name of which is "people" or "nation." Religion (faith) in the process of transforming the anarchist crowd into a spiritually integrated and orderly national integrity serves as the transformer of the imperfect nature of the human soul into perfect.

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Segmental Volatility in Ethnically Divided Societies: (Re)assessing Party System Stability in Southeast Europe

Nationalities Papers ◽

10.1017/nps.2021.9 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Damir Kapidžić ◽

Olivera Komar

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Identity ◽

Party System ◽

Ethnically Diverse ◽

Party Systems ◽

System Stability ◽

Southeast Europe ◽

East European ◽

Ethnic Parties ◽

Stabilizing Factors

Abstract This article examines the role of ethnicity and ethnic parties as stabilizing factors in Southeast European party systems. It compares two ethnically divided countries in Southeast Europe: Bosnia and Herzegovina, where ethnic identities that form the political cleavage are firm, and Montenegro, where they are malleable. Theoretically, it addresses the debate between scholars who either find stability or instability in East European post-communist party systems. The article traces the role of ethnicity in the formation and development of electoral contests and compares the two cases by utilizing measures of block volatility, based on analysis of official electoral data. We argue that party systems in ethnically diverse countries are stable at the subsystems level, but unstable within them. In BiH, firm ethnic identity stabilizes the party system by limiting competition between blocks, leading to closure. Malleable ethnic identity in Montenegro opens competition to non-ethnic parties seeking to bridge ethnic divisions, leading to more instability. We find that party system dynamics in ethnically divided new democracies depend on identity rigidity and cleavage salience, in addition to levels of heterogeneity.

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Life Course Socioeconomic Position, Intergenerational Social Mobility, and Hypertension Incidence in ELSA-Brasil

American Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1093/ajh/hpab029 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

José Aparecido Soares Lopes ◽

Luana Giatti ◽

Rosane Harter Griep ◽

Antonio Alberto da Silva Lopes ◽

Sheila Maria Alvim Matos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Course ◽

Social Mobility ◽

Socioeconomic Position ◽

Linear Models ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

Rate Ratios

Abstract Background Life course epidemiology is a powerful framework to unravel the role of socioeconomic position (SEP) disparities in hypertension (HTN). This study investigated whether life course SEP is associated with HTN incidence. Specifically, to test whether cumulative low SEP throughout life and unfavorable intergenerational social mobility increased HTN incidence. METHODS Longitudinal analysis of 8,754 ELSA-Brasil participants without HTN or cardiovascular in visit 1 (2008–2010). The response variable was the incidence of HTN between visits 1 and 2 (2012–2014). The explanatory variables were childhood, youth, and adulthood SEP, cumulative low SEP, and intergenerational social mobility. Associations were estimated by incidence rate ratios (IRRs) obtained by generalized linear models, with Poisson distribution and logarithmic link function, after adjustment for sociodemographic, behavioral, and health factors. RESULTS The incidence of HTN was 43.2/1,000 person-years, being higher in males, elderly (70–74 years), self-declared black, and low SEP individuals. After considering sociodemographic factors, low SEP in childhood, youth, and adulthood remained statistically associated with increased HTN incidence. Individuals in the third (IRR: 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.44) and fourth top quartiles (IRR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.11–1.49) of cumulative low SEP, vs. first, as well as those with low stable intergenerational trajectory (IRR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.16–1.43), vs. high stable, also had increased HTN incidence rates. Conclusions Socioeconomic disparities at all phases of the life cycle appear to raise HTN incidence rates, being the individuals with greater accumulation of exposure to low SEP and with more unfavorable intergenerational mobility at greatest risk, even in a short follow-up time.

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Indigenous ethnic identity, in-group warmth, and psychological wellbeing: A longitudinal study of Māori

Current Psychology ◽

10.1007/s12144-021-01636-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Carla Houkamau ◽

Petar Milojev ◽

Lara Greaves ◽

Kiri Dell ◽

Chris G Sibley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Identity ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

New Zealand ◽

Ethnic Group ◽

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Large Scale ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Cultural Knowledge ◽

Identity Centrality

AbstractLongitudinal studies into the relationship between affect (positive or negative feelings) towards one’s own ethnic group and wellbeing are rare, particularly for Indigenous peoples. In this paper, we test the longitudinal effects of in-group warmth (a measure of ethnic identity affect) and ethnic identity centrality on three wellbeing measures for New Zealand Māori: life satisfaction (LS), self-esteem (SE), and personal wellbeing (PW). Longitudinal panel data collected from Māori (N = 3803) aged 18 or over throughout seven annual assessments (2009–2015) in the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study were analyzed using latent trajectory models with structured residuals to examine cross-lagged within-person effects. Higher in-group warmth towards Māori predicted increases in all three wellbeing measures, even more strongly than ethnic identity centrality. Bi-directionally, PW and SE predicted increased in-group warmth, and SE predicted ethnic identification. Further, in sample-level (between-person) trends, LS and PW rose, but ethnic identity centrality interestingly declined over time. This is the first large-scale longitudinal study showing a strong relationship between positive affect towards one’s Indigenous ethnic group and wellbeing. Efforts at cultural recovery and restoration have been a deliberate protective response to colonization, but among Māori, enculturation and access to traditional cultural knowledge varies widely. The data reported here underline the role of ethnic identity affect as an important dimension of wellbeing and call for continued research into the role of this dimension of ethnic identity for Indigenous peoples.

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ETHNIC IDENTITY TRANSFORMATION OF RUSSIAN GERMANS (BY THE EXAMPLE OF MATERIALS IN THE KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY)

Northern Archives and Expeditions ◽

10.31806/2542-1158-2021-5-2-65-79 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 65-79

Author(s):

E.A. Grak ◽

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Identity ◽

Historical Memory ◽

Social Institutions ◽

Basic Research ◽

Identity Transformation ◽

Demographic Development ◽

80Th Anniversary ◽

Mixed Marriages ◽

Russian Germans

The article considers the nature of ethnic identity transformation of Russian Germans and their descendants currently residing in Krasnoyarsk Region. Ethnic and demographic development of Russian Germans is characterized by depopulation, migration loss and irreversibility of ethnic assimilation. This actualizes the problem of finding effective mechanisms for preservation and ethnical and cultural reproduction of the German ethnic group. Analyze of the ethnic identification model of the deported Germans and their descendants allows to determine key ethnic-forming factors. It is concluded that traditional markers, such as language and religion, have lost their meaning in the process of ethnic self-identification. Their reproduction was destroyed by alien ethnic environment with the spread of nationally mixed marriages. The article notes the increased role of historical memory in the post-deportation period, which is formed through interfamilial and intergenerational communication. Images of the past are represented and transmitted, first of all, through family and other social institutions. The otherness of the Russian Germans is manifested through their opposition to Germans of Germany. The study is based on biographical interviews of deported Germans and their descendants taken by a group of Krasnoyarsk historians during a field expedition to the south of the region in 2017 in termd of the project «Ethnic groups in Siberia: conditions for cultural memory preservation» with the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. The article is dated to the 80th anniversary of the Russian Germans deportation.

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Inequality of Opportunity in Mexico

Journal of Income Distribution ◽

10.25071/1874-6322.40429 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 134-158

Author(s):

Roberto Vélez Grajales ◽

Luis A. Monroy-Gómez-Franco ◽

Gastón Yalonetzky

Keyword(s):

Income Inequality ◽

Lower Bound ◽

Social Mobility ◽

Wealth Inequality ◽

Inequality Of Opportunity ◽

Unequal Distribution ◽

Variable Bias ◽

Unequal Opportunities ◽

Available Information

Mexico is a country with high levels of inequality and low intergenerational social-mobility rates for those located at the bottom extremes of the wealth distribution. Although such low rates suggest that at least a share of the observed income inequality may be due to an unequal distribution of opportunities, this conjecture has not been thoroughly tested in the literature. The present article fills this gap estimating the lower bound of the contribution of unequal opportunities to income and wealth inequality in Mexico, with an operationalization of the “ex-ante” approach to the measurement of inequality of opportunity. Relying on a national representative survey designed for the analysis of social mobility, namely, the ESRU Survey on Social Mobility in Mexico (2011), we are able to define a broad set of circumstance groups (“types”), encompassing the wealth of the household of origin. This available information reduces the omitted variable bias of previous estimations and allows for a better account of the role of inequality of opportunity in income inequality. Our results show that the lower bound of the contribution of unequal opportunities to total income inequality and total wealth inequality is around 30 per cent, which is substantially higher than previous estimations for Mexico and ranks among the highest values in Latin America.

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Approaches To The Concept Of Social Mobility

The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology ◽

10.37547/tajpslc/volume03issue02-04 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 03 (02) ◽

pp. 19-26

Author(s):

Isakov S.D. ◽

Keyword(s):

Social Status ◽

Social Mobility ◽

Social Role ◽

The Individual ◽

Sociological Interpretation

The article discusses the sociological interpretation of the concept of social mobility, its generality with the concept of stratification and features of individuality. The emergence of social mobility with the change of social status and social role of the individual is also emphasized. The article also briefly discusses the classification of social mobility.

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