scholarly journals Surface Mining: Main Research Issues for Autonomous Operations

2007 ◽  
pp. 268-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo M. Nebot
Keyword(s):  
Surface Mining ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Main Research

scholarly journals Exploring health work: a critical-action perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hassard ◽  
Paula Hyde ◽  
Julie Wolfram Cox ◽  
Edward Granter ◽  
Leo McCann
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Service Organisation ◽  
Critical Action

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe a hybrid approach to the research developed during a multi-researcher, ethnographic study of NHS management in the UK. Design/methodology/approach This methodological paper elaborates a hybrid approach to the sociological analysis – the critical-action theory – and indicates how it can contribute to the critical health management studies. Findings After exploring the various theoretical, methodological and philosophical options available, the paper discusses the main research issues that influenced the development of this perspective and the process by which the critical-action perspective was applied to the studies of managerial work in four health service sectors – acute hospitals, ambulance services, community services and mental healthcare. Research limitations/implications This methodological perspective enabled a critical analysis of health service organisation that considered macro, meso and micro effects, in particular and in this case, how new public management drained power from clinicians through managerialist discourses and practices. Practical implications Healthcare organisations are often responding to the decisions that lie outside of their control and may have to enact changes that make little sense locally. In order to make sense of these effects, micro-, meso- and macro-level analyses are necessary. Originality/value The critical-action perspective is presented as an adjunct to traditional approaches that have been taken to the study of health service organisation and delivery.

scholarly journals Application of Computational Intelligence Algorithms in Radio Propagation: A Systematic Review and Metadata Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Quadri Ramon Adebowale ◽  
Nasir Faruk ◽  
Kayode S. Adewole ◽  
Abubakar Abdulkarim ◽  
Lukman A. Olawoyin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Intelligence ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Channel Modeling ◽  
Radio Propagation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Loss Prediction ◽  
Path Loss Prediction

The importance of wireless path loss prediction and interference minimization studies in various environments cannot be over-emphasized. In fact, numerous researchers have done massive work on scrutinizing the effectiveness of existing path loss models for channel modeling. The difficulties experienced by the researchers determining or having the detailed information about the propagating environment prompted for the use of computational intelligence (CI) methods in the prediction of path loss. This paper presents a comprehensive and systematic literature review on the application of nature-inspired computational approaches in radio propagation analysis. In particular, we cover artificial neural networks (ANNs), fuzzy inference systems (FISs), swarm intelligence (SI), and other computational techniques. The main research trends and a general overview of the different research areas, open research issues, and future research directions are also presented in this paper. This review paper will serve as reference material for researchers in the field of channel modeling or radio propagation and in particular for research in path loss prediction.

Response Systems: The Syntax and Semantics of Fragment Answers and Response Particles

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-287
Author(s):  
M.Teresa Espinal ◽  
Susagna Tubau
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Fragment Answers ◽  
Sentential Form ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Response Systems ◽  
Negative Adverb

This article critically reviews the main research issues raised in the study of response systems in natural languages by addressing the syntax and semantics of fragment answers and yes/no response particles. Fragment answers include replies that do not have a sentential form, whereas response particles consist solely of an affirmative or a negative adverb. While the main research question in the syntax of fragments and response particles has been whether these contain more syntactic structure than what is actually pronounced, the key issues in the study of their semantics are question–answer congruence, the anaphoric potential of response particles, and the meaning of fragments in relation to positive and negative questions. In connection to these issues, this review suggests some interesting avenues for further research: ( a) providing an analysis of particles other than yes/no, ( b) choosing between echoic versus nonechoic forms as answers to polar questions, and ( c) deciding whether some non-lexically-based or nonverbal responses are systematically used in combination with polar particles to express (dis)agreement.

Combined Design of Localization and Routing

2011 ◽  
Vol 403-408 ◽  
pp. 1696-1699
Author(s):  
Cai Xia Li ◽  
Nai Bo Wang ◽  
Qi Ying Cao ◽  
Hong Gang Liu ◽  
Xin Hua Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Network Localization ◽  
Location Algorithm

Nodes self-localization and routing are two main research issues in wireless sensor networks. There are quite a few publications about sensor network localization or routing protocols, but seldom person combines them in their research work. In this paper, we combine a novel TOA location technique and a new centralized energy-efficient routing protocol. The performance of the combination is then simulated by software. Simulation results show that the routing based on the positions got by our location algorithm is as good as the routing based on true positions and can afford most application demands.

scholarly journals Improving the Availability of Manufacturability Information through Decentralization of Process Planning

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-117
Author(s):  
Eliab Z Opiyo
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Process Planning ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Detail Design ◽  
Planning Phase ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Prototype Software

Process planning is part of the general product development and production process that usually follows design and precedes manufacturing. Manufacturability and process planning information in general play central role in many product development and production activities, including paradoxically, conceptual and detail design - the activities that take place before process planning. The need of conducting some of the process planning activities formally before or during design is thus rather obvious. One of the main research issues is therefore the identification of the process planning activities that can be performed before the traditional process planning phase and handling of the process planning information so as to adequately provide the designers with the manufacturability informationneeded during conceptual and detail design. Another issue is how to support collaboration during process planning and how to maintain continuity of the process planning tasks. This paper suggests the decentralization of the process planning task and proposes the execution of the process planning activities in a piecemeal fashion, starting right afterreceiving an order and specifying the requirements for a product. Process planning under the proposed procedure consists of six semi-autonomous sub-phases, some of which comprise activities that must be conducted prior to the process planning phase. This helps to overcome the problem of timely availability of manufacturability information during the execution of upstream and downstream product development and production activities. The paper alsoproposes a computer-based method of handling the manufacturability information generated in various stages of the product development and production process. A database design and structure of prototype software that manages the process planning information are presented and discussed. Furthermore, a case study conducted to explore howthe proposed process planning procedure could be put in use is presented and discussed.

"More instead of less" - Strategies for the use of logistics resources

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Erik Gadde ◽  
Håkan Håkansson ◽  
Marianne Jahre ◽  
Gøran Persson
Keyword(s):  
Research Programme ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Logistics Networks ◽  
Business Units ◽  
Supply And Distribution ◽  
Basic Features

This paper presents the theoretical background for a recently initiated research programme on the utilisation and development of logistics resources in supply and distribution networks. The paper opens with a discussion of previous approaches to logistics with a particular focus on whether and how resources have been dealt with. We conclude that attention has mainly been directed toward processes and activities, while resources have primarily been regarded as the means to an end. Further, we identify a need to focus on networks rather than supply chains since all companies belong to more than one chain. Accordingly, it is suggested that considering logistics networks in terms of inter-linked resources provides a fruitful complement to existing models. We continue by presenting some basic features of resources in general and by developing the foundations of the framework that is to be applied in the research programme. The basic building blocks are four types of resources that are crucial in logistics: facilities, products, business units and business relationships. Finally, three main research issues are derived from this framework.

scholarly journals Polish geography at the beginning of the new millenium

Geografie ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-327
Author(s):  
Jan Łoboda
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Geographical Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Modern Geography

The article presents the state of Polish geography at the beginning of the new millennium, including its main research issues, research approaches, preferred scientific methods, the most crucial dilemmas as well as theoretical and methodological issues. Contemporary trends in the development of geography, applications of results of geographical research both in Poland and worldwide and an evaluation of modern geography as compared with other disciplines are also addressed. On this background, the most important weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the contemporary Polish geography, and its position in the global geography are presented. The article also highlights other scientific disciplines, which geography should become most closely linked scientifically with. Main research areas to be preferably developed in the Polish geography are presented in the final part of the paper. The results presented are based on an anonymous survey, conducted in May-September 2001.

scholarly journals Actual challenges of labor market and their gender implications for employment

POPULATION ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-148
Author(s):  
Zoya A. Khotkina
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Government ◽  
Employment Of Women ◽  
The Impact

The main research issues discussed in the article concern the impact of technological and epidemiological challenges on the employment of women and men, as well as the reasons for their asymmetric impact on employees depending on gender. The choice of these two challenges is determined, on the one hand, by their relevance, and on the other, by the fact that, although they are fundamentally different in both character and duration of their impact on the labor market, the consequences of their impact on women’s employment are the same and in both cases lead to job losses. The article shows that the same consequences for women’s employment from such different challenges are not accidental. This is due to the fact that the causes and risk factors of priority job loss for women as a result of the technological and epidemiological challenges are identical, since they are based on gender segregation of employment in the labor market, which divides jobs and entire industries into «male» and «female». In the technological challenge, the reason for the priority and more widespread loss of jobs by women is due to the fact that they are more often than men engaged in routine work in which is a large proportion of repetitive operations that are easy to automate and delegate to robots or artificial intelligence (AI). During the epidemiological challenge, more “female” than “male” jobs fell into the risk zone of unemployment, because as a result of self-isolation most enterprises and organizations in the service sphere, such as shopping centers, hairdressers and beauty salons, hotels and boarding houses, museums and libraries were closed, as well as airports and travel agencies — and all these enterprises employed mainly women. On account of the high risk of unemployment, these activities were included in the “List of economy sectors most affected by coronavirus” developed by the Government to provide priority targeted support. However, according to the information from the Ministry of Finance, less than a fifth of the service sector organizations and individual entrepreneurs will be able to receive this assistance, and therefore it is unlikely to avoid an increase in female unemployment.

scholarly journals Opportunistic Rain Rate Estimation from Measurements of Satellite Downlink Attenuation: A Survey

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 5872
Author(s):  
Filippo Giannetti ◽  
Ruggero Reggiannini
Keyword(s):  
Rain Rate ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Rainfall Rate ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Radio Link ◽  
Infrared Band ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Rate Estimation ◽  
The Impact

Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in techniques and systems for rainfall surveillance on regional scale, with increasingly stringent requirements in terms of the following: (i) accuracy of rainfall rate measurements, (ii) adequate density of sensors over the territory, (iii) space-time continuity and completeness of data and (iv) capability to elaborate rainfall maps in near real time. The devices deployed to monitor the precipitation fields are traditionally networks of rain gauges distributed throughout the territory, along with weather radars and satellite remote sensors operating in the optical or infrared band, none of which, however, are suitable for full compliance to all of the requirements cited above. More recently, a different approach to rain rate estimation techniques has been proposed and investigated, based on the measurement of the attenuation induced by rain on signals of pre-existing radio networks either in terrestrial links, e.g., the backhaul connections in cellular networks, or in satellite-to-earth links and, among the latter, notably those between geostationary broadcast satellites and domestic subscriber terminals in the Ku and Ka bands. Knowledge of the above rain-induced attenuation permits the retrieval of the corresponding rain intensity provided that a number of meteorological and geometric parameters are known and ultimately permits estimating the rain rate locally at the receiver site. In this survey paper, we specifically focus on such a type of “opportunistic” systems for rain field monitoring, which appear very promising in view of the wide diffusion over the territory of low-cost domestic terminals for the reception of satellite signals, prospectively allowing for a considerable geographical capillarity in the distribution of sensors, at least in more densely populated areas. The purpose of the paper is to present a broad albeit synthetic overview of the numerous issues inherent in the above rain monitoring approach, along with a number of solutions and algorithms proposed in the literature in recent years, and ultimately to provide an exhaustive account of the current state of the art. Initially, the main relevant aspects of the satellite link are reviewed, including those related to satellite dynamics, frequency bands, signal formats, propagation channel and radio link geometry, all of which have a role in rainfall rate estimation algorithms. We discuss the impact of all these factors on rain estimation accuracy while also highlighting the substantial differences inherent in this approach in comparison with traditional rain monitoring techniques. We also review the basic formulas relating rain rate intensity to a variation of the received signal level or of the signal-to-noise ratio. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive literature survey of the main research issues for the aforementioned scenario and provide a brief outline of the algorithms proposed for their solution, highlighting their points of strength and weakness. The paper includes an extensive list of bibliographic references from which the material presented herein was taken.

Beyond Hadoop

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Xu ◽  
Bo Yan ◽  
Yongqiang Zou
Keyword(s):  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Internet Services ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Computing Platform ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Consistency Constraints ◽  
Innovative Techniques

As a main subfield of cloud computing applications, internet services require large-scale data computing. Their workloads can be divided into two classes: customer-facing query-processing interactive tasks that serve hundreds of millions of users within a short response time and backend data analysis batch tasks that involve petabytes of data. Hadoop, an open source software suite, is used by many Internet services as the main data computing platform. Hadoop is also used by academia as a research platform and an optimization target. This paper presents five research directions for optimizing Hadoop; improving performance, utilization, power efficiency, availability, and different consistency constraints. The survey covers both backend analysis and customer-facing workloads. A total of 15 innovative techniques and systems are analyzed and compared, focusing on main research issues, innovative techniques, and optimized results.

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