The Notions of Peace of Selected Leaders of the Olympic Movement and Their Realisation in the Olympic Games

1984 ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
A. Krüger
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Olympic Movement ◽  
The Olympic Games

The Ultimate Move

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Llewellyn ◽  
John Gleaves
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Professional Sport ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Global Media ◽  
Television Broadcasting ◽  
Olympic Movement ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
The Olympic Games

This chapter discusses the continued decline of amateurism in the late twentieth century. As professional sport grew in popularity, the lines between amateurism and professionalism blurred further. An expanding global media apparatus, in concert with avaricious corporations and shrewd marketing agencies, transformed professional athletes into global sporting icons. The Olympic Movement faced higher competition. Although the fusion of nationalism and Citius, Altius, Fortius made the Olympic Games an attractive commodity, the Internatioal Olympic Commitee's eligibility code—and the forced prohibition of some of the world's leading athletes—dampened the spectacle. Public condemnations and accusations of hypocrisy damaged the Olympic brand. With multimillion dollar television broadcasting deals at stake, Olympic officials displayed an unwillingness to make the necessary sacrifices to preserve amateurism.

scholarly journals The Sources and Interpretation of Olympic Law

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark James ◽  
Guy Osborn
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
London 2012 ◽  
Olympic Movement ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Olympic Games

AbstractIn this article, Mark James and Guy Osborn discuss how the relationships between the various members of the Olympic Movement are governed by the Olympic Charter and the legal framework within which an edition of the Olympic Games is organised. The legal status of the Charter and its interpretation by the Court of Arbitration for Sport are examined to identify who is subject to its terms and how challenges to its requirements can be made. Finally, by using the UK legislation that has been enacted to regulate advertising and trading at London 2012, the far-reaching and sometimes unexpected reach of Olympic Law is explored.

Olympics and International Sports Law Research Guide

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Cho
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Sports Law ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
Olympic Movement ◽  
The Olympic Games

AbstractThe Olympic Games are the world's most recognised international sporting event alongside the FIFA World Cup. Started in ancient Greece, the Olympic Games were revived in modern times in 1896 and occur every four years. This article, by Esther Cho, discusses how to research the structure and legal aspects of the Olympic Movement. It also encompasses the general array of international sports law resources connected to the Olympic Movement.

A Case for the Integration of the Disabled into the Olympic Games

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan Labanowich
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Confounding Factor ◽  
International Olympic Committee ◽  
Sports Organizations ◽  
Olympic Movement ◽  
Sports Programs ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Single Voice ◽  
The Olympic Games

By referring to criteria established by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) for including sports in the Olympic Games and considering the maturation of the sports movement for the disabled, it is reasonable to conclude that certain sports reserved exclusively for the disabled can be made eligible for inclusion in the Olympic Games as medal events. A confounding factor in pursuit of inclusion in the Olympic Games is the uncritical willingness of the established international sports organizations for the disabled to amalgamate in order to communicate as a single voice with the IOC. Created in the process is a formal institutionalization of sports programs for the disabled. Despite invitations to stage demonstration events in recent Olympic Games, sports organizations have failed to take measures necessary to qualify for full integration into the Olympic movement. Reorganization is called for on the basis of versions of sports that would lend themselves to integration.

scholarly journals Art competitions at the Olympic Games 1912-1948 and the Czechoslovak participation

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Škoda
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
World War ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Olympic Movement ◽  
Philosophical Background ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Olympic Games

The article deals with the art competitions that appeared on the program of modern Olympic Games between 1912 and 1948. It reveals the philosophical background of their existence within the Summer Olympics and their relation to the idea of kalokagathia. The article describes the reasons for their origin and how the founder of the modern Olympic movement Pierre de Coubertin succeeded in pushing this idea forward. There were five artistic disciplines: fine arts, music, sculpture, literature, and architecture. I will briefly introduce the history of art competitions in chronological order, show how their popularity gradually increased but I will also reveal the reasons the art competitions were removed from the program of the Olympic Games in the 1950s of the 20th century. Czech and Czechoslovak artists were frequent participants in the competitions. Except for Antwerp 1920 and Amsterdam 1928, they represented Czechoslovakia in large numbers until the time of the first Olympic Games after World War II in London 1948. In total, works by more than 50 Czechoslovak artists were presented and some were remarkably successful. Two composers Josef Suk and Jaroslav Křička and a sculptor Jakub Obrovský were even awarded Olympic medals in the 1930s. We will take a closer look at these achievements and present their works. The article aims to present a lesser known but important place of art competitions in the history of the modern Olympic movement and to recall the achievements of Czech and Czechoslovak artists.

scholarly journals Royalty and the Olympic movement

2018 ◽  
pp. 4-17
Author(s):  
Maria Bulatova ◽  
Valentyna Iermolova
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Olympic Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Crown Prince ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Olympic Games

The Olympic Games of Ancient Greece had occupied a special place in the life of the Hellenes. The holding of the Olympics had a wide public resonance. The rulers of various polices actively supported these events and many of them were the participants and some the winners of the Games. Famous philosophers, writers and poets, architects and sculptors had the honor to present their works to spectators and judges at that athletic forum. During the heyday of the Roman Empire, which conquered ancient Greece, Roman emperors not only supported the holding of the Olympic Games, but also participated in Olympic competitions organized at four-year intervals and other Pan-Helenian Games. The process of the revival of the Olympic Games had been closely related to the activities of prominent thinkers, artists, actors, and musicians of the Renaissance, New Age, and Enlightenment. It is worth noting that the royalty did not stand aside from this process: the first Olympic Games of the Modern Era were held with the active involvement of the King of Greece George I, whereas Crown Prince Constantine assumed the presidency of the organizing committee of the Games. Since that time, many royalties from different countries have participated in the Olympic Games. For more than 120-year history of the Olympic Games, revived at the end of the XIX century, 31 representatives of royal families took part in Olympic competitions and won 11 Olympic medals: four gold, one silver and six bronze medals. Their interest in the Olympic movement is not limited to participation in the Olympics Games and the Winter Olympics. The history of the modern Olympic movement includes the names of 14 representatives of the Royalty who were given the honor to declare the Olympic Games open; 34 ones in different years were the members of the International Olympic Committee; five monarchs with special merits in the development of the International Olympic Movement and promoting Olympic values are among the honorary members of the IOC. The article describes briefly this interesting story of the Olympic Games of antiquity and modernity, in which royalty took part. Keywords: Olympic Games, royalty

scholarly journals Politics and Sport don’t mix – or do they? National Identity and New Zealand’s Participation in the Olympic Games

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Micheal Warren
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Imagined Community ◽  
Olympic Movement ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Benedict Anderson ◽  
The Olympic Games ◽  
New Zealanders

<p>Sports matter. Today sport is one of the most enduring social events that humans from across the world participate in, no matter their race, religion or gender. Moreover, the biggest of all those sporting events is the Olympic Games, which is held every four years. The modern version of the Games was founded by Frenchman Baron Pierre de Coubertin and first took place in Athens in 1896. New Zealand first competed alongside Australia as Australasia in London 1908 and Stockholm 1912. Following the games of 1916 which were cancelled due to World War I, New Zealand has competed as a sovereign nation since Antwerp 1920. Since 1908, over 1200 New Zealanders have competed at the Olympic Games, winning more than 100 medals. That performance in itself makes New Zealand one of the most successful nations in Olympic history on a per capita basis. That statistic alone underscores the relationship between the Olympics and national identity, as an embodiment of New Zealanders believing they ‘punch above their weight’ on the world stage.  Benedict Anderson wrote about the imagined community, where the nation is imagined because it is impossible for every citizen to know each other.¹ This research has found that sporting teams like the All Blacks and the New Zealand Olympic Team are perfect avenues to help create this imagined community. New Zealand’s national identity is not fixed, it has evolved, but the one mainstay of that identity is the sense of being an underdog on the world stage.  The research has found that over the past three decades New Zealand governments have increasingly woken up to the importance of high-performance sport and following the disappointment of the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games, funding was increased, which has led to better results and more medals. Today New Zealand athletes are funded on a per-capita basis just as well as many other nations we would compare ourselves with. New Zealand politicians have been quick to associate themselves alongside sportsmen and women and often speak about the close link that exists between sport and identity in New Zealand. However, unlike Australia, New Zealand does not have a national sports museum, and also unlike Australia, and the United Kingdom, New Zealand legislation does not allow for free-to-air television coverage of games of national significance. New Zealand does not adequately showcase its sporting history, and this has the potential to negatively affect the importance New Zealanders place on sport and the Olympic Movement as an important part of its national identity.  Ultimately this research has found that the New Zealand Olympic Team epitomises what it means to be a New Zealander and has found that across multiple levels of analysis, the Olympic Movement has significantly contributed to the development of New Zealand’s national identity. More broadly, the Olympic Games have become a key avenue in which that national identity can be projected to the world.  ¹ Benedict Anderson, ‘Imagined Communities,’ (London: Verso, 2006), pp.6-7.</p>

South Africa, Apartheid and the Olympic Games

STADION ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-137
Author(s):  
Jan Hangebrauck
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
Olympic Movement ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Olympic Games

South Africa was part of the Olympic Movement for more than two decades after apartheid had been officially introduced in 1948. In 1964 South Africa was excluded from the sporting event for the first time, and in 1970 it was formally expelled from the Olympic Movement. It had to wait until 1992 for its return when South Africa participated in the Olympic Games in Barcelona and won two medals. In the first part, this article describes South Africa’s development to exclusion and then back to its return by examining reasons for the late expulsion from, and re-entry to, the Olympic family. The next part looks at reactions of the governments and national sports federations (NFs) of Great Britain, the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) to South Africa’s exclusion and its return against the backdrop of the Cold War. This paper further analyses the general attitudes of those actors towards apartheid (in sports). The conclusion points out the implications of South Africa’s sporting isolation and additional research gaps.

scholarly journals Olympia 2016: Fakta og kontrafakta

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Damkjær
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Olympic Movement ◽  
The Olympic Games

En forudsigelse af idrætssamfundet og den olympiske bevægelse i år 2016.Olympia 2016: Facts and counterfacts In Idrætshistorisk Årbog (Yearbook of Sporting History) no. 4 in 1988, which also took the Olympic Games as its theme, Søren Damkjær wrote a science fiction article in which from the postulated vantage point of 2020 he took a retrospective look at the 2000 Games, which he had transferred to Manila. For the current number (2003) about the Olympic movement, the editor asked Søren to assess the validity of the 1988 article. The working title is “Was Søren right?”. This is what Søren Damkjær considers in this article, which takes as its starting point a pre-Olympic conference in St. Petersburg in 2016. The main conclusion is that by and large he was wrong!

scholarly journals Olympism and the Olympic education: history, modernity, future

2018 ◽  
pp. 4-27
Author(s):  
Maria Bulatova ◽  
Vladimir Platonov
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Education History ◽  
Olympic Movement ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
Olympic Education ◽  
Olympic Sport ◽  
Educational Potential ◽  
Development Prospects ◽  
Negative Phenomena ◽  
The Olympic Games

Objective. Study of the Olympic Games and the Olympic movement as an aggregate of phenomena and processes of historical, socio-economic, political, educational, and purely sports character in their organic relationship, with due account for achievements and issues, positive and negative aspects, risks and development prospects. Results. Most of the modern initiatives and educational resources implemented in the modern Olympic education system are focused only on obtaining general ideas about the Olympic Games and the Olympic movement, active promoting the ideals and values of the Olympic philosophy, which has been peculiar for the policy of the IOC and IOA in this area for several decades. Traditionally established concept of the Olympic education, peculiar for most countries, lags behind the needs of the time, is characterized by weak sociocultural content, limited criticism and commitment to emotional rhetoric, especially in the part that relates to the universalism of the Olympic values, claims to the global educational potential of the Olympic education. However, the Olympic movement and the Olympic Games do not need artificial idealization. Their value is in the greatest history, bright modernity, diversity and popularity, difficulties and contradictions, numerous interrelations with politics and economics, culture and art, education and upbringing. Versatile and objective consideration and study of the Olympic movement and, above all, the Olympic Games various aspects, with account for all strengths and weaknesses, achievements and issues, weak points and drawbacks can in no way adversely affect the popularity and significance of this phenomenon, including as an object of the Olympic education. On the contrary, the idealization of the Olympic sport and the Olympic Games, outstanding athletes and their role in the process of educational and upbringing, ignoring issues, difficulties, contradictions, negative phenomena and risk factors are a direct way to the devaluation of the Olympic education, to skepticism regarding its potentials and significance.

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